Question 1

All of the following are reasons why institutionalized patients have more UTIs than noninstitutionalized patients, except

Accepted Answer

A)  general ill condition of institutionalized patients. 
B)  less frequent emptying of the bladder. 
C)  higher probability of urinary tract instrumentation. 
D)  higher incidence of urinary tract anatomic or functional abnormalities. 
A)  general ill condition of institutionalized patients. 
B)  less frequent emptying of the bladder. 
C)  higher probability of urinary tract instrumentation. 
D)  higher incidence of urinary tract anatomic or functional abnormalities. B

Question 2

All of the following can contribute to reduced leukocyte chemotaxis in the renal medulla, except

Accepted Answer

A)  high ammonia concentration. 
B)  hyperosmolarity. 
C)  reduced water reabsorption. 
D)  sluggish blood flow. 
A)  high ammonia concentration. 
B)  hyperosmolarity. 
C)  reduced water reabsorption. 
D)  sluggish blood flow. C

Question 3

What is one factor that can contribute to the incidence of candiduria in hospitalized patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Poor personal hygiene 
B)  Contaminated instruments 
C)  Increased use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents 
D)  Multiple bacterial infections of the urinary tract 
A)  Poor personal hygiene 
B)  Contaminated instruments 
C)  Increased use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents 
D)  Multiple bacterial infections of the urinary tract C

Question 4

What organisms growing in a urine culture can generally be considered contaminants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enterobacteriaceae 
B)  Streptococcus spp. 
C)  Fungus 
D)  Bacillus spp. 
A)  Enterobacteriaceae 
B)  Streptococcus spp. 
C)  Fungus 
D)  Bacillus spp.

Question 5

When a patient has an indwelling urinary catheter, what symptoms may be present indicating a UTI?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flank pain and fever 
B)  Urgency and dysuria 
C)  Frequency and flank pain 
D)  Costovertebral angle tenderness and fever 
A)  Flank pain and fever 
B)  Urgency and dysuria 
C)  Frequency and flank pain 
D)  Costovertebral angle tenderness and fever

Question 6

The symptoms of pyelonephritis include all the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)  flank pain. 
B)  costovertebral angle tenderness. 
C)  fevers. 
D)  septicemia. 
A)  flank pain. 
B)  costovertebral angle tenderness. 
C)  fevers. 
D)  septicemia.

Question 7

A young woman goes to her physician complaining of dysuria, frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain. A urinalysis shows hematuria, positive protein, positive leukocyte esterase, and a positive nitrite. What is a probable diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pyelonephritis 
B)  Bacteremia 
C)  UTI 
D)  Septicemia 
A)  Pyelonephritis 
B)  Bacteremia 
C)  UTI 
D)  Septicemia

Question 8

What might candiduria signify?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bladder or renal parenchymal infection 
B)  Urinary tract fungus ball 
C)  Disseminated candidiasis 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Bladder or renal parenchymal infection 
B)  Urinary tract fungus ball 
C)  Disseminated candidiasis 
D)  All of the above

Question 9

What additive can maintain urine sample integrity for up to 48 hours at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium citrate 
B)  Calcium citrate 
C)  Sodium borate 
D)  Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDT
A)  
A)  Sodium citrate 
B)  Calcium citrate 
C)  Sodium borate 
D)  Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDT
A)

Question 10

What is the most common way for the renal parenchyma to become infected with gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ascending route 
B)  Descending route 
C)  Hematogenous route 
D)  Poor personal hygiene 
A)  Ascending route 
B)  Descending route 
C)  Hematogenous route 
D)  Poor personal hygiene

Question 11

A 22-year-old female with dysuria and urinary frequency submits a urine sample. There is no growth on routine media after 48 hours. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asymptomatic bacteriuria 
B)  Symptomatic bacteriuria 
C)  Urethral syndrome 
D)  Pyelonephritis 
A)  Asymptomatic bacteriuria 
B)  Symptomatic bacteriuria 
C)  Urethral syndrome 
D)  Pyelonephritis

Question 12

What do specimens with multiple uropathogens (i.e., three or more) indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Probable contamination 
B)  Polymicrobial infection 
C)  Bacteremia 
D)  Septicemia 
A)  Probable contamination 
B)  Polymicrobial infection 
C)  Bacteremia 
D)  Septicemia

Question 13

The criteria used to determine the presence of a UTI include all the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)  presence or absence of symptoms. 
B)  patient history. 
C)  predisposing factors. 
D)  the type of organism or organisms isolated. 
A)  presence or absence of symptoms. 
B)  patient history. 
C)  predisposing factors. 
D)  the type of organism or organisms isolated.

Question 14

What organisms usually cause UTIs in older men in conjunction with prostatic hypertrophy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enterococcus spp. 
B)  Staphylococcus epidermidis 
C)  Streptococcus agalactiae 
D)  Escherichia coli 
A)  Enterococcus spp. 
B)  Staphylococcus epidermidis 
C)  Streptococcus agalactiae 
D)  Escherichia coli

Question 15

Urine cultures are performed for all the following reasons, except to

Accepted Answer

A)  test for Chlamydia. 
B)  confirm a cure of a UTI. 
C)  detect asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. 
D)  evaluate for bacteremia. 
A)  test for Chlamydia. 
B)  confirm a cure of a UTI. 
C)  detect asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. 
D)  evaluate for bacteremia.

Question 16

Urinary tract infection (UTI) in children is associated with significant morbidity and long-term medical problems, including all the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)  impaired renal function. 
B)  hypertension. 
C)  end-stage renal disease. 
D)  hemolytic-uremic syndrome. 
A)  impaired renal function. 
B)  hypertension. 
C)  end-stage renal disease. 
D)  hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

Question 17

How must urine specimens be handled after collection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Store at room temperature for up to 24 hours. 
B)  Add a small volume to transport medium. 
C)  Place into incubator for up to 4 hours. 
D)  Immediately refrigerate. 
A)  Store at room temperature for up to 24 hours. 
B)  Add a small volume to transport medium. 
C)  Place into incubator for up to 4 hours. 
D)  Immediately refrigerate.

Question 18

The atypical clinical presentation of a geriatric patient with a UTI includes all the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)  burning upon urination. 
B)  delirium. 
C)  fever. 
D)  failure to thrive. 
A)  burning upon urination. 
B)  delirium. 
C)  fever. 
D)  failure to thrive.

Question 19

What is the most commonly used method to collect urine samples?

Accepted Answer

A)  Catheterized specimen 
B)  Suprapubic aspirate 
C)  First morning specimen 
D)  Voided midstream specimen 
A)  Catheterized specimen 
B)  Suprapubic aspirate 
C)  First morning specimen 
D)  Voided midstream specimen

Question 20

Screening methods for UTIs are appropriate for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urine specimens with significant pyuria and bacteriuria 
B)  Straight catheterization 
C)  Suprapubic aspiration 
D)  Cystoscopy 
A)  Urine specimens with significant pyuria and bacteriuria 
B)  Straight catheterization 
C)  Suprapubic aspiration 
D)  Cystoscopy

Exam 37: Urinary Tract Infections

All of the following are reasons why institutionalized patients have more UTIs than noninstitutionalized patients, except

All of the following can contribute to reduced leukocyte chemotaxis in the renal medulla, except

What is one factor that can contribute to the incidence of candiduria in hospitalized patients?

What organisms growing in a urine culture can generally be considered contaminants?

When a patient has an indwelling urinary catheter, what symptoms may be present indicating a UTI?

The symptoms of pyelonephritis include all the following, except

A young woman goes to her physician complaining of dysuria, frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain. A urinalysis shows hematuria, positive protein, positive leukocyte esterase, and a positive nitrite. What is a probable diagnosis?

What might candiduria signify?

What additive can maintain urine sample integrity for up to 48 hours at room temperature?

What is the most common way for the renal parenchyma to become infected with gram-positive bacteria?

A 22-year-old female with dysuria and urinary frequency submits a urine sample. There is no growth on routine media after 48 hours. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

What do specimens with multiple uropathogens (i.e., three or more) indicate?

The criteria used to determine the presence of a UTI include all the following, except

What organisms usually cause UTIs in older men in conjunction with prostatic hypertrophy?

Urine cultures are performed for all the following reasons, except to

Urinary tract infection (UTI) in children is associated with significant morbidity and long-term medical problems, including all the following, except

How must urine specimens be handled after collection?

The atypical clinical presentation of a geriatric patient with a UTI includes all the following, except

What is the most commonly used method to collect urine samples?

Screening methods for UTIs are appropriate for which of the following?

Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Hostparasite Interaction

The Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Materials From Infected Sites

Use of Colony Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antimicrobial Agent Mechanisms of Action and Resistance Mechanisms

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus, Hacek, Legionella, and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

The Spirochetes

Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Similar Organisms

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror and Forensic Microbiology

Biofilms: Architects of Disease

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

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