Question 1

A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia. A decrease in which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ferritin 
B)  Gastric enzymes 
C)  Intrinsic factor 
D)  Erythropoietin 
A)  Ferritin 
B)  Gastric enzymes 
C)  Intrinsic factor 
D)  Erythropoietin

Question 2

A 5-year-old female is diagnosed with acute leukemia. She will most likely be treated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  bone marrow transplant. 
B)  immunotherapy. 
C)  chemotherapy. 
D)  localized radiation therapy. 
A)  bone marrow transplant. 
B)  immunotherapy. 
C)  chemotherapy. 
D)  localized radiation therapy.

Question 3

A common, life-threatening complication of a thrombus in a deep vein is:

Accepted Answer

A)  disseminated intravascular coagulation. 
B)  lower extremity edema. 
C)  stroke. 
D)  pulmonary embolus. 
A)  disseminated intravascular coagulation. 
B)  lower extremity edema. 
C)  stroke. 
D)  pulmonary embolus.

Question 4

A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with leukemia. Which of the following could be associated with his disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Down syndrome 
B)  hemophilia 
C)  hyperthyroidism 
D)  pheochromocytoma 
A)  Down syndrome 
B)  hemophilia 
C)  hyperthyroidism 
D)  pheochromocytoma

Question 5

The Schilling test for pernicious anemia involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  the administration of radioactive cobalamin and the measurement of its excretion in the urine. 
B)  the measurement of antigen-antibody immune complexes. 
C)  the measurement of serum ferritin and total iron-binding capacity. 
D)  the administration of folate and evaluation of folate content in a blood serum sample. 
A)  the administration of radioactive cobalamin and the measurement of its excretion in the urine. 
B)  the measurement of antigen-antibody immune complexes. 
C)  the measurement of serum ferritin and total iron-binding capacity. 
D)  the administration of folate and evaluation of folate content in a blood serum sample.

Question 6

Known causes of acute leukemia include:

Accepted Answer

A)  cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. 
B)  eating genetically modified food. 
C)  chemotherapy treatment for other cancers. 
D)  excessive ultraviolet radiation exposure. 
A)  cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. 
B)  eating genetically modified food. 
C)  chemotherapy treatment for other cancers. 
D)  excessive ultraviolet radiation exposure.

Question 7

A 15-year-old female presents with splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and lymph node enlargement. She is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. Further testing would indicate an acute infection of:

Accepted Answer

A)  monocytes. 
B)  B lymphocytes. 
C)  T lymphocytes. 
D)  macrophages. 
A)  monocytes. 
B)  B lymphocytes. 
C)  T lymphocytes. 
D)  macrophages.

Question 8

A 30-year-old female presents with hematuria, menorrhagia, and bleeding gums. She is diagnosed with immune thrombocytic purpura (ITP). The most likely cause is:

Accepted Answer

A)  allergy-induced platelet lysis. 
B)  an immune response to hypersplenism. 
C)  antibody destruction of platelets. 
D)  T cell injury to megakaryocytes. 
A)  allergy-induced platelet lysis. 
B)  an immune response to hypersplenism. 
C)  antibody destruction of platelets. 
D)  T cell injury to megakaryocytes.

Question 9

A 15-year-old male is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. The most likely cause is:

Accepted Answer

A)  adenovirus. 
B)  Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). 
C)  cytomegalovirus (CMV). 
D)  Toxoplasma gondii. 
A)  adenovirus. 
B)  Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). 
C)  cytomegalovirus (CMV). 
D)  Toxoplasma gondii.

Question 10

A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with lymphadenopathy. The most likely finding leading to this diagnosis is:

Accepted Answer

A)  small, hard lymph nodes. 
B)  disordered lymph nodes. 
C)  nonpalpable, nontender lymph nodes. 
D)  enlarged lymph nodes. 
A)  small, hard lymph nodes. 
B)  disordered lymph nodes. 
C)  nonpalpable, nontender lymph nodes. 
D)  enlarged lymph nodes.

Question 11

Erythrocytes that are _____ contain an abnormally low concentration of hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperchromic 
B)  hypochromic 
C)  macrocytic 
D)  microcytic 
A)  hyperchromic 
B)  hypochromic 
C)  macrocytic 
D)  microcytic

Question 12

A 20-year-old female undergoes lab testing for anemia. Results show high iron, bilirubin, and transferrin and low hemoglobin and hematocrit. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pernicious anemia 
B)  Folate deficiency anemia 
C)  Iron deficiency anemia 
D)  Sideroblastic anemia 
A)  Pernicious anemia 
B)  Folate deficiency anemia 
C)  Iron deficiency anemia 
D)  Sideroblastic anemia

Question 13

Thrombocytopenia may be:

Accepted Answer

A)  transient or consistent. 
B)  normal or abnormal. 
C)  congenital or acquired. 
D)  active or inactive. 
A)  transient or consistent. 
B)  normal or abnormal. 
C)  congenital or acquired. 
D)  active or inactive.

Question 14

A 68-year-old female is admitted to the emergency room with a diagnosis of polycythemia vera. Her symptoms are mainly the result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a decreased erythrocyte count. 
B)  rapid blood flow to the major organs. 
C)  increased blood viscosity. 
D)  neurologic injury. 
A)  a decreased erythrocyte count. 
B)  rapid blood flow to the major organs. 
C)  increased blood viscosity. 
D)  neurologic injury.

Question 15

Under the conditions of hypersplenism, erythrocytes are:

Accepted Answer

A)  proliferated. 
B)  activated. 
C)  sequestered. 
D)  infected. 
A)  proliferated. 
B)  activated. 
C)  sequestered. 
D)  infected.

Question 16

In DIC, active bleeding occurs after intravascular clotting because:

Accepted Answer

A)  prothrombin is activated. 
B)  clotting factors are depleted. 
C)  inflammatory mediators are released. 
D)  tissue factor (TF) is inactivated. 
A)  prothrombin is activated. 
B)  clotting factors are depleted. 
C)  inflammatory mediators are released. 
D)  tissue factor (TF) is inactivated.

Question 17

Which of the following statements explains why vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies cause anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stem cells are unable to differentiate into erythrocytes. 
B)  Red blood cells have malformed hemoglobin molecules. 
C)  Red blood cells have decreased O2-carrying capacity. 
D)  Red blood cells have a shorter life span. 
A)  Stem cells are unable to differentiate into erythrocytes. 
B)  Red blood cells have malformed hemoglobin molecules. 
C)  Red blood cells have decreased O2-carrying capacity. 
D)  Red blood cells have a shorter life span.

Question 18

Posthemorrhagic anemia can result in death when blood loss is in excess of:

Accepted Answer

A)  20% to 30%. 
B)  30% to 40%. 
C)  40% to 50%. 
D)  50% to 60%. 
A)  20% to 30%. 
B)  30% to 40%. 
C)  40% to 50%. 
D)  50% to 60%.

Question 19

A 20-year-old female has an increase in eosinophils. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parasitic invasion and allergic reactions 
B)  Viral and bacterial infections 
C)  Stress and anxiety reactions 
D)  Fungal infections and delayed hypersensitivity 
A)  Parasitic invasion and allergic reactions 
B)  Viral and bacterial infections 
C)  Stress and anxiety reactions 
D)  Fungal infections and delayed hypersensitivity

Question 20

A 10-year-old male presents with abdominal swelling, night sweats, fever, and weight loss. He is diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 
B)  Adenovirus 
C)  Human papilloma virus (HPV) 
D)  Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) 
A)  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 
B)  Adenovirus 
C)  Human papilloma virus (HPV) 
D)  Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Exam 20: Alterations of Hematologic Function

A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia. A decrease in which of the following is the most likely cause?

A 5-year-old female is diagnosed with acute leukemia. She will most likely be treated with:

A common, life-threatening complication of a thrombus in a deep vein is:

A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with leukemia. Which of the following could be associated with his disease?

The Schilling test for pernicious anemia involves:

Known causes of acute leukemia include:

A 15-year-old female presents with splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and lymph node enlargement. She is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. Further testing would indicate an acute infection of:

A 30-year-old female presents with hematuria, menorrhagia, and bleeding gums. She is diagnosed with immune thrombocytic purpura (ITP). The most likely cause is:

A 15-year-old male is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. The most likely cause is:

A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with lymphadenopathy. The most likely finding leading to this diagnosis is:

Erythrocytes that are _____ contain an abnormally low concentration of hemoglobin.

A 20-year-old female undergoes lab testing for anemia. Results show high iron, bilirubin, and transferrin and low hemoglobin and hematocrit. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Thrombocytopenia may be:

A 68-year-old female is admitted to the emergency room with a diagnosis of polycythemia vera. Her symptoms are mainly the result of:

Under the conditions of hypersplenism, erythrocytes are:

In DIC, active bleeding occurs after intravascular clotting because:

Which of the following statements explains why vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies cause anemia?

Posthemorrhagic anemia can result in death when blood loss is in excess of:

A 20-year-old female has an increase in eosinophils. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

A 10-year-old male presents with abdominal swelling, night sweats, fever, and weight loss. He is diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Defenses: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Hypersensitivities, Infection, and Immune Deficiencies

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer and Tumor Spread

Cancer Epidemiology, Manifestations, and Treatment

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Alterations of Neurologic Function

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems, Including Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Filters

A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with vitamin B₁₂ deficiency anemia. A decrease in which of the following is the most likely cause?

Which of the following statements explains why vitamin B₁₂ and folate deficiencies cause anemia?