Question 1

People who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease; this is because of the genetic principle of:

Accepted Answer

A)  penetrance. 
B)  expressivity. 
C)  dominance. 
D)  recessiveness. 
A)  penetrance. 
B)  expressivity. 
C)  dominance. 
D)  recessiveness. B

Question 2

The most common cause of Down syndrome is:

Accepted Answer

A)  paternal nondisjunction. 
B)  maternal translocations. 
C)  maternal nondisjunction. 
D)  paternal translocations. 
A)  paternal nondisjunction. 
B)  maternal translocations. 
C)  maternal nondisjunction. 
D)  paternal translocations. C

Question 3

An XXY person has the genetic disorder called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Turner syndrome. 
B)  Klinefelter syndrome. 
C)  Down syndrome. 
D)  fragile X syndrome. 
A)  Turner syndrome. 
B)  Klinefelter syndrome. 
C)  Down syndrome. 
D)  fragile X syndrome. B

Question 4

The basic components of DNA are:

Accepted Answer

A)  pentose sugars and four phosphate bases. 
B)  a phosphate molecule, deoxyribose, and four nitrogenous bases. 
C)  adenine, guanine, purine. 
D)  codons, oxygen, cytosine. 
A)  pentose sugars and four phosphate bases. 
B)  a phosphate molecule, deoxyribose, and four nitrogenous bases. 
C)  adenine, guanine, purine. 
D)  codons, oxygen, cytosine.

Question 5

A couple has three offspring: one child with an autosomal dominant disease trait and two who are normal. The father is affected by the autosomal dominant disease, but the mother does not have the disease gene. What is the recurrence risk of this autosomal dominant disease for their next child?

Accepted Answer

A)  50% 
B)  33% 
C)  25% 
D)  Impossible to determine 
A)  50% 
B)  33% 
C)  25% 
D)  Impossible to determine

Question 6

The base components of DNA are:

Accepted Answer

A)  A, G, C, and U. 
B)  U, G, C, and T. 
C)  A, G, C, and T. 
D)  X, XX, XY, and YY. 
A)  A, G, C, and U. 
B)  U, G, C, and T. 
C)  A, G, C, and T. 
D)  X, XX, XY, and YY.

Question 7

What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair.

Accepted Answer

A)  Down syndrome 
B)  Cri du chat syndrome 
C)  Turner syndrome 
D)  Klinefelter syndrome 
A)  Down syndrome 
B)  Cri du chat syndrome 
C)  Turner syndrome 
D)  Klinefelter syndrome

Question 8

A DNA strand has a region with the sequence ATCGGATC. Which of the following would be a complementary strand?

Accepted Answer

A)  CGATACGT 
B)  TAGCCTAG 
C)  TUGCCTUG 
D)  UAGCCUAG 
A)  CGATACGT 
B)  TAGCCTAG 
C)  TUGCCTUG 
D)  UAGCCUAG

Question 9

A normal male and a female carrier for red-green color blindness mate. Given that red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait, what is the likelihood of their children being affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  25% 
B)  50% 
C)  All females, no males 
D)  All males, no females 
A)  25% 
B)  50% 
C)  All females, no males 
D)  All males, no females

Question 10

The process by which RNA directs the synthesis of protein is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  termination. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  promotion. 
D)  translation. 
A)  termination. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  promotion. 
D)  translation.

Question 11

Risk factors for Down syndrome include:

Accepted Answer

A)  fetal exposure to mutagens in the uterus. 
B)  increased paternal age. 
C)  family history of Down syndrome. 
D)  pregnancy in women over age 35. 
A)  fetal exposure to mutagens in the uterus. 
B)  increased paternal age. 
C)  family history of Down syndrome. 
D)  pregnancy in women over age 35.

Question 12

A child is born with blue eyes (bb). The child's mother has blue eyes and the father has brown eyes. Which of the following represents the father?

Accepted Answer

A)  bb 
B)  Bb 
C)  BB 
D)  Bbb 
A)  bb 
B)  Bb 
C)  BB 
D)  Bbb

Question 13

A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  penetrance. 
B)  recurrence risk. 
C)  expressivity. 
D)  delayed age of onset. 
A)  penetrance. 
B)  recurrence risk. 
C)  expressivity. 
D)  delayed age of onset.

Question 14

An error in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis is termed:

Accepted Answer

A)  aneuploidy. 
B)  nondisjunction. 
C)  polyploidy. 
D)  anaplasia. 
A)  aneuploidy. 
B)  nondisjunction. 
C)  polyploidy. 
D)  anaplasia.

Question 15

The protein most important for DNA replication is:

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase. 
B)  transfer RNA. 
C)  messenger RNA. 
D)  DNA polymerase. 
A)  RNA polymerase. 
B)  transfer RNA. 
C)  messenger RNA. 
D)  DNA polymerase.

Question 16

A 5-year-old male presents with mental retardation and is diagnosed with Fragile X syndrome. Which of the following is most likely to cause this syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Translocation 
B)  Inversion 
C)  Nondisjunction 
D)  Duplication at fragile sites 
A)  Translocation 
B)  Inversion 
C)  Nondisjunction 
D)  Duplication at fragile sites

Question 17

Which of the following genetic disorders results in severe mental retardation caused by a deletion of part of chromosome 5?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prader-Willi syndrome 
B)  Down syndrome 
C)  Cri du chat syndrome 
D)  Trisomy 5 
A)  Prader-Willi syndrome 
B)  Down syndrome 
C)  Cri du chat syndrome 
D)  Trisomy 5

Question 18

A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  XY 
B)  XX 
C)  XYY 
D)  XXY 
A)  XY 
B)  XX 
C)  XYY 
D)  XXY

Question 19

A 13-year-old girl has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present. Her condition is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Down syndrome. 
B)  Cri du chat syndrome. 
C)  Turner syndrome. 
D)  Edward syndrome. 
A)  Down syndrome. 
B)  Cri du chat syndrome. 
C)  Turner syndrome. 
D)  Edward syndrome.

Question 20

The gradual increase in height among the human population over the past 100 years is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  polygenic trait. 
B)  multifactorial trait. 
C)  crossing over. 
D)  recombination. 
A)  polygenic trait. 
B)  multifactorial trait. 
C)  crossing over. 
D)  recombination.

Exam 2: Genes and Genetic Diseases

People who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease; this is because of the genetic principle of:

The most common cause of Down syndrome is:

An XXY person has the genetic disorder called:

The basic components of DNA are:

A couple has three offspring: one child with an autosomal dominant disease trait and two who are normal. The father is affected by the autosomal dominant disease, but the mother does not have the disease gene. What is the recurrence risk of this autosomal dominant disease for their next child?

The base components of DNA are:

What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair.

A DNA strand has a region with the sequence ATCGGATC. Which of the following would be a complementary strand?

A normal male and a female carrier for red-green color blindness mate. Given that red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait, what is the likelihood of their children being affected?

The process by which RNA directs the synthesis of protein is called:

Risk factors for Down syndrome include:

A child is born with blue eyes (bb). The child's mother has blue eyes and the father has brown eyes. Which of the following represents the father?

A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is associated with:

An error in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis is termed:

The protein most important for DNA replication is:

A 5-year-old male presents with mental retardation and is diagnosed with Fragile X syndrome. Which of the following is most likely to cause this syndrome?

Which of the following genetic disorders results in severe mental retardation caused by a deletion of part of chromosome 5?

A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the following?

A 13-year-old girl has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present. Her condition is called:

The gradual increase in height among the human population over the past 100 years is an example of:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Defenses: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Hypersensitivities, Infection, and Immune Deficiencies

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer and Tumor Spread

Cancer Epidemiology, Manifestations, and Treatment

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Alterations of Neurologic Function

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems, Including Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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