Question 1

Cellular injury can be caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  lead, carbon monoxide, and ethanol. 
B)  atrophy, water, and glycogen. 
C)  melanin, hyperplasia, and proteins. 
D)  pigments, calcium, and lipids. 
A)  lead, carbon monoxide, and ethanol. 
B)  atrophy, water, and glycogen. 
C)  melanin, hyperplasia, and proteins. 
D)  pigments, calcium, and lipids. A

Question 2

Apoptosis is a condition in which cells program themselves to:

Accepted Answer

A)  atrophy. 
B)  die. 
C)  regenerate. 
D)  age. 
A)  atrophy. 
B)  die. 
C)  regenerate. 
D)  age. B

Question 3

A woman decided to poison her middle-aged husband with mercuric chloride. Following ingestion of the poison, his kidney function was impaired and his heart began to fail. Which of the following was the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Karyorrhexis 
B)  Coagulative necrosis 
C)  Liquefactive necrosis 
D)  Caseous necrosis 
A)  Karyorrhexis 
B)  Coagulative necrosis 
C)  Liquefactive necrosis 
D)  Caseous necrosis B

Question 4

A 23-year-old male develops a "black" eye following a fight. This bruising is due to an accumulation of:

Accepted Answer

A)  cytochromes. 
B)  bilirubin. 
C)  albumin. 
D)  hemosiderin. 
A)  cytochromes. 
B)  bilirubin. 
C)  albumin. 
D)  hemosiderin.

Question 5

A 52-year-old male suffered a myocardial infarction secondary to atherosclerosis and ischemia. Once oxygen returned to the damaged heart, reperfusion injury occurred as a result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  free radical formation. 
B)  vacuolation. 
C)  increased metabolic state. 
D)  lactic acid accumulation. 
A)  free radical formation. 
B)  vacuolation. 
C)  increased metabolic state. 
D)  lactic acid accumulation.

Question 6

The theory of aging proposing that aging is the result of DNA damage, inefficiency of repair, or loss of the integrity of DNA synthesis is referred to as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  catastrophic theory. 
B)  error-prone theory. 
C)  somatic mutation hypothesis. 
D)  neuroendocrine theory. 
A)  catastrophic theory. 
B)  error-prone theory. 
C)  somatic mutation hypothesis. 
D)  neuroendocrine theory.

Question 7

A 55-year-old male is diagnosed with hepatocellular cancer secondary to hepatitis C. If the cancerous region of the liver were removed, the remaining cells would undergo:

Accepted Answer

A)  dysplasia. 
B)  metaplasia. 
C)  compensatory hyperplasia. 
D)  compensatory dysplasia. 
A)  dysplasia. 
B)  metaplasia. 
C)  compensatory hyperplasia. 
D)  compensatory dysplasia.

Question 8

The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased aerobic metabolism. 
B)  autodigestion. 
C)  reduced protein synthesis. 
D)  decreased Na+/K+ pump function. 
A)  increased aerobic metabolism. 
B)  autodigestion. 
C)  reduced protein synthesis. 
D)  decreased Na+/K+ pump function.

Question 9

A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. Laboratory results reveal an imbalance of progesterone and estrogen, with estrogen secretion being elevated. This imbalance would most likely cause endometrial changes referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  dysplasia. 
B)  pathologic dysplasia. 
C)  hyperplasia. 
D)  pathologic hyperplasia. 
A)  dysplasia. 
B)  pathologic dysplasia. 
C)  hyperplasia. 
D)  pathologic hyperplasia.

Question 10

Muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell:

Accepted Answer

A)  number. 
B)  size. 
C)  vacuoles. 
D)  lipofuscin. 
A)  number. 
B)  size. 
C)  vacuoles. 
D)  lipofuscin.

Question 11

During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  physiologic atrophy. 
B)  pathologic atrophy. 
C)  disuse atrophy. 
D)  dysplasia. 
A)  physiologic atrophy. 
B)  pathologic atrophy. 
C)  disuse atrophy. 
D)  dysplasia.

Question 12

A 60-year-old male alcoholic is suffering from cirrhosis and liver failure. Liver biopsy revealed a yellow, greenish fatty liver. Which of the following could have contributed to this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased conversion of fatty acids to triglycerides 
B)  Decreased triglyceride synthesis 
C)  Increased lipid binding to apoproteins 
D)  Increased lipoprotein synthesis 
A)  Increased conversion of fatty acids to triglycerides 
B)  Decreased triglyceride synthesis 
C)  Increased lipid binding to apoproteins 
D)  Increased lipoprotein synthesis

Question 13

A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with multiple myeloma. Biopsy of the tumor reveals Russell bodies, and laboratory testing reveals kidney dysfunction. Accumulation of which of the following is associated with these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycogen 
B)  Protein 
C)  Pigment 
D)  Melanin 
A)  Glycogen 
B)  Protein 
C)  Pigment 
D)  Melanin

Question 14

The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of:

Accepted Answer

A)  compensatory hyperplasia. 
B)  hormonal hyperplasia. 
C)  hormonal anaplasia. 
D)  hormonal dysplasia. 
A)  compensatory hyperplasia. 
B)  hormonal hyperplasia. 
C)  hormonal anaplasia. 
D)  hormonal dysplasia.

Question 15

Liquefactive necrosis occurs in the brain because:

Accepted Answer

A)  debris is not digested by hydrolases. 
B)  of protein denaturation. 
C)  it is rich in hydrolytic enzymes and lipids. 
D)  ischemia results in chemical injury. 
A)  debris is not digested by hydrolases. 
B)  of protein denaturation. 
C)  it is rich in hydrolytic enzymes and lipids. 
D)  ischemia results in chemical injury.

Question 16

Fatty liver, as a result of carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) poisoning, is related to:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased apoproteins. 
B)  lysosomal injury. 
C)  increased membrane permeability. 
D)  fatty acid endocytosis. 
A)  decreased apoproteins. 
B)  lysosomal injury. 
C)  increased membrane permeability. 
D)  fatty acid endocytosis.

Question 17

A 40-year-old female is undergoing treatment for cervical cancer. Which of the following cellular changes is most likely to be associated with her cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metaplasia 
B)  Atrophy 
C)  Hypertrophy 
D)  Dysplasia 
A)  Metaplasia 
B)  Atrophy 
C)  Hypertrophy 
D)  Dysplasia

Question 18

A 55-year-old male has swelling of the feet secondary to hypoxia. Which of the following aided in development of swelling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased ATP 
B)  K+ movement out of the cell 
C)  Na+ movement into the cell 
D)  Decreased osmotic pressure 
A)  Increased ATP 
B)  K+ movement out of the cell 
C)  Na+ movement into the cell 
D)  Decreased osmotic pressure

Question 19

A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. The type of cellular adaptation is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypertrophy. 
B)  hyperplasia. 
C)  metaplasia. 
D)  dysplasia. 
A)  hypertrophy. 
B)  hyperplasia. 
C)  metaplasia. 
D)  dysplasia.

Question 20

A 30-year-old female presents with a gunshot wound to the head. The wound has seared edges and a deep penetration of smoke and gunpowder fragments. This wound could be characterized as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  muzzle imprint. 
B)  intermediate range entrance wound. 
C)  contact range entrance wound. 
D)  indeterminate range entrance wound. 
A)  muzzle imprint. 
B)  intermediate range entrance wound. 
C)  contact range entrance wound. 
D)  indeterminate range entrance wound.

Exam 3: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Cellular injury can be caused by:

Apoptosis is a condition in which cells program themselves to:

A woman decided to poison her middle-aged husband with mercuric chloride. Following ingestion of the poison, his kidney function was impaired and his heart began to fail. Which of the following was the most likely cause?

A 23-year-old male develops a "black" eye following a fight. This bruising is due to an accumulation of:

A 52-year-old male suffered a myocardial infarction secondary to atherosclerosis and ischemia. Once oxygen returned to the damaged heart, reperfusion injury occurred as a result of:

The theory of aging proposing that aging is the result of DNA damage, inefficiency of repair, or loss of the integrity of DNA synthesis is referred to as the:

A 55-year-old male is diagnosed with hepatocellular cancer secondary to hepatitis C. If the cancerous region of the liver were removed, the remaining cells would undergo:

The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:

A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. Laboratory results reveal an imbalance of progesterone and estrogen, with estrogen secretion being elevated. This imbalance would most likely cause endometrial changes referred to as:

Muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell:

During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, referred to as:

A 60-year-old male alcoholic is suffering from cirrhosis and liver failure. Liver biopsy revealed a yellow, greenish fatty liver. Which of the following could have contributed to this condition?

A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with multiple myeloma. Biopsy of the tumor reveals Russell bodies, and laboratory testing reveals kidney dysfunction. Accumulation of which of the following is associated with these symptoms?

The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of:

Liquefactive necrosis occurs in the brain because:

Fatty liver, as a result of carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) poisoning, is related to:

A 40-year-old female is undergoing treatment for cervical cancer. Which of the following cellular changes is most likely to be associated with her cancer?

A 55-year-old male has swelling of the feet secondary to hypoxia. Which of the following aided in development of swelling?

A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. The type of cellular adaptation is called:

A 30-year-old female presents with a gunshot wound to the head. The wound has seared edges and a deep penetration of smoke and gunpowder fragments. This wound could be characterized as a(n):

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Defenses: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Hypersensitivities, Infection, and Immune Deficiencies

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer and Tumor Spread

Cancer Epidemiology, Manifestations, and Treatment

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Alterations of Neurologic Function

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems, Including Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Filters

Fatty liver, as a result of carbon tetrachloride (CCL₄) poisoning, is related to: