Question 1

The chamber of the heart that generates the highest pressure is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  right atrium. 
B)  left atrium. 
C)  left ventricle. 
D)  right ventricle. 
A)  right atrium. 
B)  left atrium. 
C)  left ventricle. 
D)  right ventricle. C

Question 2

The coronary ostia (the openings to the coronary arteries) are found in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  left ventricle. 
B)  inferior vena cava. 
C)  coronary sinus. 
D)  aorta. 
A)  left ventricle. 
B)  inferior vena cava. 
C)  coronary sinus. 
D)  aorta. D

Question 3

Which of the following statements correctly describes a direct end effect of the renin-angiotension-aldosterone system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Angiotension II causes systemic vasoconstriction. 
B)  Renin promotes the excretion of sodium and water in the renal tubules. 
C)  Aldosterone increases renal retention of water only. 
D)  Angiotension I promotes sodium and water reabsorption by the kidneys. 
A)  Angiotension II causes systemic vasoconstriction. 
B)  Renin promotes the excretion of sodium and water in the renal tubules. 
C)  Aldosterone increases renal retention of water only. 
D)  Angiotension I promotes sodium and water reabsorption by the kidneys. A

Question 4

The thoracic lymphatic duct drains into the:

Accepted Answer

A)  right subclavian artery. 
B)  right atrium. 
C)  right subclavian vein. 
D)  left subclavian vein. 
A)  right subclavian artery. 
B)  right atrium. 
C)  right subclavian vein. 
D)  left subclavian vein.

Question 5

A 65-year-old male develops blockage in the pulmonary artery. As a result, blood would first back up into the:

Accepted Answer

A)  aorta. 
B)  left ventricle. 
C)  pulmonary veins. 
D)  right ventricle. 
A)  aorta. 
B)  left ventricle. 
C)  pulmonary veins. 
D)  right ventricle.

Question 6

One difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac muscle cells are arranged in branching networks. 
B)  skeletal muscle cells have only one nucleus. 
C)  cardiac muscle cells appear striped. 
D)  skeletal muscle cells contain sarcomeres. 
A)  cardiac muscle cells are arranged in branching networks. 
B)  skeletal muscle cells have only one nucleus. 
C)  cardiac muscle cells appear striped. 
D)  skeletal muscle cells contain sarcomeres.

Question 7

As stated by the Frank-Starling law, there is a direct relationship between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next systole.

Accepted Answer

A)  pressure, duration 
B)  volume, force 
C)  viscosity, force 
D)  viscosity, duration 
A)  pressure, duration 
B)  volume, force 
C)  viscosity, force 
D)  viscosity, duration

Question 8

_____ are the anchors of the atrioventricular valves.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chordae tendineae cordis 
B)  Great vessels 
C)  Coronary ostia 
D)  Trabeculae carneae 
A)  Chordae tendineae cordis 
B)  Great vessels 
C)  Coronary ostia 
D)  Trabeculae carneae

Question 9

A 50-year-old female received trauma to the chest that caused severe impairment of the primary pacemaker cells of the heart. Which of the following areas received the greatest damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  AV node 
B)  SA node 
C)  Bundle of His 
D)  Ventricles 
A)  AV node 
B)  SA node 
C)  Bundle of His 
D)  Ventricles

Question 10

The molecule that aids in bonding of the troponin complex to actin and tropomyosin is:

Accepted Answer

A)  troponin C. 
B)  troponin I. 
C)  troponin T. 
D)  myosin. 
A)  troponin C. 
B)  troponin I. 
C)  troponin T. 
D)  myosin.

Question 11

The Bainbridge reflex:

Accepted Answer

A)  increases the heart rate after intravenous infusions. 
B)  decreases blood pressure in response to baroreceptors. 
C)  increases the rate and depth of respiration. 
D)  decreases myocardial contractility. 
A)  increases the heart rate after intravenous infusions. 
B)  decreases blood pressure in response to baroreceptors. 
C)  increases the rate and depth of respiration. 
D)  decreases myocardial contractility.

Question 12

A 52-year-old female is admitted to the cardiac unit with a diagnosis of pericarditis. She asks the nurse to explain where the infection is. In providing an accurate description, the nurse states that the pericardium is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the outer muscular layer of the heart. 
B)  the innermost lining of the heart chambers. 
C)  a membranous sac that encloses the heart. 
D)  the heart's fibrous skeleton. 
A)  the outer muscular layer of the heart. 
B)  the innermost lining of the heart chambers. 
C)  a membranous sac that encloses the heart. 
D)  the heart's fibrous skeleton.

Question 13

The chamber that receives blood from the systemic circulation is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  right atrium. 
B)  right ventricle. 
C)  left atrium. 
D)  left ventricle. 
A)  right atrium. 
B)  right ventricle. 
C)  left atrium. 
D)  left ventricle.

Question 14

The _____ conducts action potentials down the atrioventricular septum.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bachmann bundle 
B)  bundle of His 
C)  sinoatrial node 
D)  atrioventricular node 
A)  Bachmann bundle 
B)  bundle of His 
C)  sinoatrial node 
D)  atrioventricular node

Question 15

The _____ artery travels down the interventricular septum and delivers blood to portions of the left and right ventricle.

Accepted Answer

A)  right coronary 
B)  circumflex 
C)  left anterior descending 
D)  cardiac 
A)  right coronary 
B)  circumflex 
C)  left anterior descending 
D)  cardiac

Question 16

One of the most important mechanisms for maintaining venous return to the right atrium is:

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac output. 
B)  capillary hydrostatic pressure. 
C)  skeletal muscle contraction. 
D)  respiratory cycling. 
A)  cardiac output. 
B)  capillary hydrostatic pressure. 
C)  skeletal muscle contraction. 
D)  respiratory cycling.

Question 17

In a normal electrocardiogram, the P-R interval represents:

Accepted Answer

A)  atrial depolarization. 
B)  ventricular depolarization. 
C)  onset of atrial activation to onset of ventricular activity. 
D)  "electrical systole" of the ventricles. 
A)  atrial depolarization. 
B)  ventricular depolarization. 
C)  onset of atrial activation to onset of ventricular activity. 
D)  "electrical systole" of the ventricles.

Question 18

Local myogenic regulation of blood vessel diameter and thus blood flow through a vessel is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomic regulation. 
B)  somatic regulation. 
C)  autoregulation. 
D)  metabolic regulation. 
A)  autonomic regulation. 
B)  somatic regulation. 
C)  autoregulation. 
D)  metabolic regulation.

Question 19

A 50-year-old female was prescribed a drug that acts as a negative inotrope. Which of the following endogenous substances would be most similar?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetylcholine 
B)  Dopamine 
C)  Epinephrine 
D)  Thyroid hormone 
A)  Acetylcholine 
B)  Dopamine 
C)  Epinephrine 
D)  Thyroid hormone

Question 20

The primary cardiovascular control center is located in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebral cortex. 
B)  midbrain. 
C)  medulla. 
D)  cervical spinal cord. 
A)  cerebral cortex. 
B)  midbrain. 
C)  medulla. 
D)  cervical spinal cord.

Exam 22: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

The chamber of the heart that generates the highest pressure is the:

The coronary ostia (the openings to the coronary arteries) are found in the:

Which of the following statements correctly describes a direct end effect of the renin-angiotension-aldosterone system?

The thoracic lymphatic duct drains into the:

A 65-year-old male develops blockage in the pulmonary artery. As a result, blood would first back up into the:

One difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle is that:

As stated by the Frank-Starling law, there is a direct relationship between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next systole.

_____ are the anchors of the atrioventricular valves.

A 50-year-old female received trauma to the chest that caused severe impairment of the primary pacemaker cells of the heart. Which of the following areas received the greatest damage?

The molecule that aids in bonding of the troponin complex to actin and tropomyosin is:

The Bainbridge reflex:

A 52-year-old female is admitted to the cardiac unit with a diagnosis of pericarditis. She asks the nurse to explain where the infection is. In providing an accurate description, the nurse states that the pericardium is:

The chamber that receives blood from the systemic circulation is the:

The _____ conducts action potentials down the atrioventricular septum.

The _____ artery travels down the interventricular septum and delivers blood to portions of the left and right ventricle.

One of the most important mechanisms for maintaining venous return to the right atrium is:

In a normal electrocardiogram, the P-R interval represents:

Local myogenic regulation of blood vessel diameter and thus blood flow through a vessel is an example of:

A 50-year-old female was prescribed a drug that acts as a negative inotrope. Which of the following endogenous substances would be most similar?

The primary cardiovascular control center is located in the:

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Defenses: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Hypersensitivities, Infection, and Immune Deficiencies

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer and Tumor Spread

Cancer Epidemiology, Manifestations, and Treatment

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Alterations of Neurologic Function

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems, Including Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Filters

As stated by the Frank-Starling law, there is a direct relationship between the _ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _ of contraction during the next systole.