Question 1

In the renin-angiotension-aldosterone system, conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II happens in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs. 
B)  liver. 
C)  kidneys. 
D)  heart. 
A)  lungs. 
B)  liver. 
C)  kidneys. 
D)  heart.

Question 2

Venous blood from the coronary circulation drains into the:

Accepted Answer

A)  superior vena cava. 
B)  inferior vena cava. 
C)  right atrium. 
D)  left atrium. 
A)  superior vena cava. 
B)  inferior vena cava. 
C)  right atrium. 
D)  left atrium.

Question 3

A 65-year-old male is transported to the ER for chest pain. An electrocardiogram reveals a prolonged QRS interval. This result indicates:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased ejection time. 
B)  increased isovolumetric contraction time. 
C)  mitral valve opening. 
D)  aortic valve closing. 
A)  increased ejection time. 
B)  increased isovolumetric contraction time. 
C)  mitral valve opening. 
D)  aortic valve closing.

Question 4

A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with left bundle branch block. Which of the following structures would not receive an electrical impulse?

Accepted Answer

A)  AV node 
B)  SA node 
C)  Bundle of His 
D)  The left ventricles 
A)  AV node 
B)  SA node 
C)  Bundle of His 
D)  The left ventricles

Question 5

The effect of acetylcholine on the heart is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease the refractory period. 
B)  increase calcium influx. 
C)  increase the strength of myocardial contraction. 
D)  decrease the heart rate. 
A)  decrease the refractory period. 
B)  increase calcium influx. 
C)  increase the strength of myocardial contraction. 
D)  decrease the heart rate.

Question 6

The internal lining of the cardiovascular system is formed by what tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  Columnar epithelium 
B)  Connective 
C)  Mesothelium 
D)  Endothelium 
A)  Columnar epithelium 
B)  Connective 
C)  Mesothelium 
D)  Endothelium

Question 7

_____ are thickened areas of the sarcolemma of myocardial cells that enable electrical impulses to travel in a continuous cell-to-cell fashion.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sclerotic plaques 
B)  Intercalated disks 
C)  Crossbridges 
D)  A-bands 
A)  Sclerotic plaques 
B)  Intercalated disks 
C)  Crossbridges 
D)  A-bands

Question 8

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the SA node because:

Accepted Answer

A)  of its superior location in the right atrium. 
B)  it is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous depolarization. 
C)  it has rich sympathetic innervation via the vagus nerve. 
D)  it depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart. 
A)  of its superior location in the right atrium. 
B)  it is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous depolarization. 
C)  it has rich sympathetic innervation via the vagus nerve. 
D)  it depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart.

Question 9

Multiplying heart rate by stroke volume determines:

Accepted Answer

A)  vascular resistance. 
B)  preload. 
C)  cardiac output. 
D)  ejection fraction. 
A)  vascular resistance. 
B)  preload. 
C)  cardiac output. 
D)  ejection fraction.

Question 10

Pressure in the left ventricle must exceed pressure in the _____ before the left ventricle can eject blood.

Accepted Answer

A)  coronary arteries 
B)  aorta 
C)  inferior vena cava 
D)  pulmonary veins 
A)  coronary arteries 
B)  aorta 
C)  inferior vena cava 
D)  pulmonary veins

Question 11

Right ventricular afterload is determine by:

Accepted Answer

A)  vascular resistance in the systemic vessels. 
B)  right end-diastolic pressure. 
C)  pressures in the vena cavae. 
D)  pulmonary vascular resistance. 
A)  vascular resistance in the systemic vessels. 
B)  right end-diastolic pressure. 
C)  pressures in the vena cavae. 
D)  pulmonary vascular resistance.

Question 12

A 50-year-old female presents with a low heart rate and low blood pressure. She is given an IV infusion of fluids. The increase in atrial distension results in:

Accepted Answer

A)  renal retention of fluids. 
B)  depressed myocardial contractility. 
C)  release of acetylcholine. 
D)  increased heart rate. 
A)  renal retention of fluids. 
B)  depressed myocardial contractility. 
C)  release of acetylcholine. 
D)  increased heart rate.

Question 13

Baroreceptors are located in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  renal artery. 
B)  superior vena cava. 
C)  carotid sinus. 
D)  circle of Willis. 
A)  renal artery. 
B)  superior vena cava. 
C)  carotid sinus. 
D)  circle of Willis.

Question 14

A function of the pericardium is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  provide a barrier against extracardial infections. 
B)  improve blood flow through the heart. 
C)  play a role in cardiac conduction. 
D)  assist in cardiac contraction. 
A)  provide a barrier against extracardial infections. 
B)  improve blood flow through the heart. 
C)  play a role in cardiac conduction. 
D)  assist in cardiac contraction.

Question 15

Which of the following occurs during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased distance between Z lines 
B)  Decreased A band length 
C)  Decreased Z line length 
D)  Increased H zone distance 
A)  Decreased distance between Z lines 
B)  Decreased A band length 
C)  Decreased Z line length 
D)  Increased H zone distance

Question 16

Oxygenated blood flows through the:

Accepted Answer

A)  superior vena cava. 
B)  pulmonary veins. 
C)  pulmonary artery. 
D)  cardiac veins. 
A)  superior vena cava. 
B)  pulmonary veins. 
C)  pulmonary artery. 
D)  cardiac veins.

Question 17

The _____ represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarization.

Accepted Answer

A)  PR interval 
B)  QRS complex 
C)  QT interval 
D)  P wave 
A)  PR interval 
B)  QRS complex 
C)  QT interval 
D)  P wave

Question 18

Poiseuille formula states that resistance to blood flow is inversely related to:

Accepted Answer

A)  blood viscosity. 
B)  blood vessel diameter. 
C)  blood pressure. 
D)  blood vessel length. 
A)  blood viscosity. 
B)  blood vessel diameter. 
C)  blood pressure. 
D)  blood vessel length.

Question 19

A 13-year-old female took a weight loss drug that activated the sympathetic nervous system. Which of the following would be expected?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased myocardial contraction 
B)  Decreased heart rate 
C)  Increased cardiac cycle speed 
D)  Increased intranodal conduction time 
A)  Decreased myocardial contraction 
B)  Decreased heart rate 
C)  Increased cardiac cycle speed 
D)  Increased intranodal conduction time

Question 20

A 20-year-old male underwent an echocardiogram to assess chest pain. Results revealed a congenital defect in papillary muscles. Which of the following would occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Semilunar valve closure 
B)  Backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves 
C)  Atrioventricular valve closure 
D)  Backward expulsion of the semilunar valves 
A)  Semilunar valve closure 
B)  Backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves 
C)  Atrioventricular valve closure 
D)  Backward expulsion of the semilunar valves

Exam 22: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

In the renin-angiotension-aldosterone system, conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II happens in the:

Venous blood from the coronary circulation drains into the:

A 65-year-old male is transported to the ER for chest pain. An electrocardiogram reveals a prolonged QRS interval. This result indicates:

A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with left bundle branch block. Which of the following structures would not receive an electrical impulse?

The effect of acetylcholine on the heart is to:

The internal lining of the cardiovascular system is formed by what tissue?

_____ are thickened areas of the sarcolemma of myocardial cells that enable electrical impulses to travel in a continuous cell-to-cell fashion.

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the SA node because:

Multiplying heart rate by stroke volume determines:

Pressure in the left ventricle must exceed pressure in the _____ before the left ventricle can eject blood.

Right ventricular afterload is determine by:

A 50-year-old female presents with a low heart rate and low blood pressure. She is given an IV infusion of fluids. The increase in atrial distension results in:

Baroreceptors are located in the:

A function of the pericardium is to:

Which of the following occurs during muscle contraction?

Oxygenated blood flows through the:

The _____ represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarization.

Poiseuille formula states that resistance to blood flow is inversely related to:

A 13-year-old female took a weight loss drug that activated the sympathetic nervous system. Which of the following would be expected?

A 20-year-old male underwent an echocardiogram to assess chest pain. Results revealed a congenital defect in papillary muscles. Which of the following would occur?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Defenses: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Hypersensitivities, Infection, and Immune Deficiencies

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer and Tumor Spread

Cancer Epidemiology, Manifestations, and Treatment

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Alterations of Neurologic Function

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems, Including Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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