Question 1

A 3-year-old male presents with developmental delay. Testing reveals that the child has muscular dystrophy. This disease causes:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells. 
B)  atrophy of smooth muscle cells. 
C)  hyperplasia of skeletal muscle fibers. 
D)  degeneration of skeletal muscle fibers. 
A)  hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells. 
B)  atrophy of smooth muscle cells. 
C)  hyperplasia of skeletal muscle fibers. 
D)  degeneration of skeletal muscle fibers. D

Question 2

A 22-year-old female has a brother with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and wants to know if her children will inherit it. A fairly accurate test to identify female carriers of the disease is measurement of serum levels of:

Accepted Answer

A)  dystrophin. 
B)  myoglobin. 
C)  creatine kinase. 
D)  troponin. 
A)  dystrophin. 
B)  myoglobin. 
C)  creatine kinase. 
D)  troponin. C

Question 3

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease affects which of the following joints?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vertebral 
B)  Shoulder 
C)  Hip 
D)  Knee 
A)  Vertebral 
B)  Shoulder 
C)  Hip 
D)  Knee C

Question 4

A 5-year-old female was diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The treatment option for this disease is:

Accepted Answer

A)  supportive. 
B)  curative. 
C)  nonexistent. 
D)  experimental. 
A)  supportive. 
B)  curative. 
C)  nonexistent. 
D)  experimental.

Question 5

Polyarthritis is a type of juvenile arthritis in which:

Accepted Answer

A)  more than one joint is affected. 
B)  more than three joints are affected. 
C)  joint fusion has occurred. 
D)  there is a severe onset of system symptoms. 
A)  more than one joint is affected. 
B)  more than three joints are affected. 
C)  joint fusion has occurred. 
D)  there is a severe onset of system symptoms.

Question 6

Children with osteogenesis imperfecta suffer from frequent:

Accepted Answer

A)  bone fractures. 
B)  dislocations. 
C)  bone infections. 
D)  joint injuries. 
A)  bone fractures. 
B)  dislocations. 
C)  bone infections. 
D)  joint injuries.

Question 7

Osgood-Schlatter disease causes inflammation of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  shoulder joint. 
B)  patellar tendon. 
C)  elbow ligaments. 
D)  hip cartilage. 
A)  shoulder joint. 
B)  patellar tendon. 
C)  elbow ligaments. 
D)  hip cartilage.

Question 8

A 9-month-old male was diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta following recurrent fractures and findings of osteopenia. This disease is caused by errors in the synthesis of:

Accepted Answer

A)  elastin. 
B)  glycoproteins. 
C)  collagen. 
D)  calcium salts. 
A)  elastin. 
B)  glycoproteins. 
C)  collagen. 
D)  calcium salts.

Question 9

A major predictor of prognosis for Ewing sarcoma is:

Accepted Answer

A)  age of onset. 
B)  size of tumor. 
C)  presence of metastasis. 
D)  gender of child. 
A)  age of onset. 
B)  size of tumor. 
C)  presence of metastasis. 
D)  gender of child.

Question 10

There is a link between osteosarcoma and:

Accepted Answer

A)  rhabdomyosarcoma. 
B)  Ewing sarcoma. 
C)  fibroma. 
D)  retinoblastoma. 
A)  rhabdomyosarcoma. 
B)  Ewing sarcoma. 
C)  fibroma. 
D)  retinoblastoma.

Question 11

A 13-year-old female presents with pain at night, cough, and dyspnea. Testing reveals a malignant bone tumor. The most likely type of tumor is:

Accepted Answer

A)  nonossifying fibroma. 
B)  chondrosarcoma. 
C)  Ewing sarcoma. 
D)  osteosarcoma. 
A)  nonossifying fibroma. 
B)  chondrosarcoma. 
C)  Ewing sarcoma. 
D)  osteosarcoma.

Question 12

Structural scoliosis with no known cause, termed _____ scoliosis, accounts for at least 65% of the cases.

Accepted Answer

A)  idiopathic 
B)  etiologic 
C)  iatrogenic 
D)  primary 
A)  idiopathic 
B)  etiologic 
C)  iatrogenic 
D)  primary

Question 13

A 9-month-old male was diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta following recurrent fractures and findings of osteopenia. This disease is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  uterine teratogens. 
B)  a genetic defect. 
C)  malnutrition. 
D)  trauma. 
A)  uterine teratogens. 
B)  a genetic defect. 
C)  malnutrition. 
D)  trauma.

Question 14

A 1-year-old female was diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta. Which of the following could be a life-threatening complication in this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Congestive heart failure 
B)  Patent ductus arteriosus 
C)  Aortic aneurysm 
D)  Pulmonary emboli 
A)  Congestive heart failure 
B)  Patent ductus arteriosus 
C)  Aortic aneurysm 
D)  Pulmonary emboli

Question 15

A 6-year-old male presents with fever, pain, swelling, and warmth. Tests reveal osteomyelitis and development of an involucrum. Treatment should include:

Accepted Answer

A)  antibiotics only. 
B)  surgical debridement and antibiotics. 
C)  limb amputation. 
D)  no intervention. 
A)  antibiotics only. 
B)  surgical debridement and antibiotics. 
C)  limb amputation. 
D)  no intervention.

Question 16

Which protein is present in normal muscle cells and absent in muscle cells affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Actin 
B)  Myosin 
C)  Dystrophin 
D)  Troponin 
A)  Actin 
B)  Myosin 
C)  Dystrophin 
D)  Troponin

Question 17

Duchenne muscular dystrophy has a(n) _____ inheritance pattern.

Accepted Answer

A)  autosomal recessive 
B)  X-linked recessive 
C)  Y-linked dominant 
D)  chromosomal 
A)  autosomal recessive 
B)  X-linked recessive 
C)  Y-linked dominant 
D)  chromosomal

Question 18

A 2-month-old female was diagnosed with developmental dysplasia of the hip. If left untreated, she may develop hip:

Accepted Answer

A)  fracture. 
B)  degeneration. 
C)  dislocation. 
D)  abduction. 
A)  fracture. 
B)  degeneration. 
C)  dislocation. 
D)  abduction.

Question 19

Ewing sarcoma originates from:

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoblasts. 
B)  osteocytes. 
C)  osteoclasts. 
D)  the bone marrow. 
A)  osteoblasts. 
B)  osteocytes. 
C)  osteoclasts. 
D)  the bone marrow.

Question 20

A 16-year-old male was recently diagnosed with osteosarcoma. The tumor is most likely present in the _____ of long bones.

Accepted Answer

A)  epiphyses 
B)  metaphyses 
C)  marrow 
D)  osteocytes 
A)  epiphyses 
B)  metaphyses 
C)  marrow 
D)  osteocytes

Exam 38: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

A 3-year-old male presents with developmental delay. Testing reveals that the child has muscular dystrophy. This disease causes:

A 22-year-old female has a brother with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and wants to know if her children will inherit it. A fairly accurate test to identify female carriers of the disease is measurement of serum levels of:

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease affects which of the following joints?

A 5-year-old female was diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The treatment option for this disease is:

Polyarthritis is a type of juvenile arthritis in which:

Children with osteogenesis imperfecta suffer from frequent:

Osgood-Schlatter disease causes inflammation of the:

A 9-month-old male was diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta following recurrent fractures and findings of osteopenia. This disease is caused by errors in the synthesis of:

A major predictor of prognosis for Ewing sarcoma is:

There is a link between osteosarcoma and:

A 13-year-old female presents with pain at night, cough, and dyspnea. Testing reveals a malignant bone tumor. The most likely type of tumor is:

Structural scoliosis with no known cause, termed _____ scoliosis, accounts for at least 65% of the cases.

A 9-month-old male was diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta following recurrent fractures and findings of osteopenia. This disease is caused by:

A 1-year-old female was diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta. Which of the following could be a life-threatening complication in this patient?

A 6-year-old male presents with fever, pain, swelling, and warmth. Tests reveal osteomyelitis and development of an involucrum. Treatment should include:

Which protein is present in normal muscle cells and absent in muscle cells affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

Duchenne muscular dystrophy has a(n) _____ inheritance pattern.

A 2-month-old female was diagnosed with developmental dysplasia of the hip. If left untreated, she may develop hip:

Ewing sarcoma originates from:

A 16-year-old male was recently diagnosed with osteosarcoma. The tumor is most likely present in the _____ of long bones.

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Defenses: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Hypersensitivities, Infection, and Immune Deficiencies

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer and Tumor Spread

Cancer Epidemiology, Manifestations, and Treatment

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Alterations of Neurologic Function

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems, Including Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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