Exam 23: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

A 72-year-old female has a history of hypertension and atherosclerosis. An echocardiogram reveals backflow of blood into the left ventricle. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Many valvular stenosis and regurgitation disorders in adults have a common etiology. Which of the following can result in both types of valve dysfunction?

A 68-year-old male presents to the ER complaining of chest pain. He has a history of stable angina that now appears to be unstable. He most likely has:

A 49-year-old male presents to his physician complaining of chest pain. EKG reveals ST elevation. He is diagnosed with myocardial ischemia. Which of the following interventions would be most beneficial?

A 59-year-old female is diagnosed with left ventricular failure. The decrease in kidney perfusion would ultimately cause:

A 65-year-old male is diagnosed with chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures generally results from this condition?

High-output failure occurs with:

In general, atherosclerosis is caused by:

A 55-year-old female has undiagnosed hypertension. She presents to her physician complaining of impaired vision and chronic edema. Lab tests reveal that she also has renal insufficiency. The most likely cause for these findings is:

For an infection to progress to septic shock, which of the following must occur?

A 60-year-old female was diagnosed with mitral stenosis. As a result, she has incomplete emptying of the:

A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with cerebral aneurysm. The most likely area for it to occur is the:

A 72-year-old female has a history of right heart failure caused by a right ventricular myocardial infarction. Which of the following symptoms are specifically related to her right heart failure?

Orthostatic hypotension refers to a drop in blood pressure with:

Acute orthostatic hypotension can be caused by:

The onset of anaphylactic shock is usually:

A 28-year-old female presents with severe chest pain and shortness of breath. She is diagnosed with pulmonary embolism, which most likely originated from the:

A 68-year-old female is experiencing left heart failure. Physical exam reveals elevated blood pressure most likely caused by:

Foam cells in a fatty streak are:

A 20-year-old female is being admitted to the hospital with fever and septic shock. Which set of clinical manifestations would you expect her to exhibit?