Exam 23: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

The most common cardiac valve disease in the United States, which tends to be most prevalent in young women, is:

As left heart failure progresses:

Cardiac cells can withstand ischemic conditions for _____ before irreversible cell injury occurs.

When a person is in shock, impairment in cellular metabolism is caused by:

A 42-year-old female is diagnosed with constrictive pericarditis. She would also have a decreased cardiac output because of:

The hypotensive state seen in septic shock can cause:

A 51-year-old male is at his health clinic for an annual physical exam. After walking from the car to the clinic, he developed a substernal pain. He also reported discomfort in his left shoulder and his jaw, lasting 2 to 3 minutes and then subsiding with rest. He indicates that this has occurred frequently over the past few months with similar exertion. He is most likely experiencing:

A 28-year-old female presents to the ER complaining of severe chest pain that worsens with respirations or lying down. She has a fever, tachycardia, and a friction rub. The most likely cause of these symptoms is:

A 50-year-old male was admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. He is being treated for shock. His cardiopulmonary symptoms include low blood pressure, tachycardia, and tachypnea. His skin is pale and cool. The primary cause of his shock is most likely:

A 50-year-old obese male with hypertension and coronary artery disease visits a nutritionist for food counseling. He is told that _____ raise LDL levels and lower HDL levels and should be avoided.

Individuals with Raynaud disease have severe symptoms under which of the following conditions?

Which valve disorder is manifested by a widened pulse pressure and throbbing peripheral pulses?

During shock states, glucose uptake is usually:

A 50-year-old male is diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following symptoms would he most likely experience?

A 75-year-old female has been critically ill with MODS for longer than a week and has developed a severe oxygen supply and demand imbalance. The statement that best describes this imbalance is which of the following?

Inflammatory cells have difficulty limiting the colonization of microorganisms in infective endocarditis because:

A 30-year-old Caucasian female was recently diagnosed with primary hypertension. She reports that she eats fairly well, usually having red meat and potatoes daily. She also reports that her father has hypertension as well. Which of the following risk factors is most likely associated with this diagnosis?

A 62-year-old male presents to his physician complaining of chest pain at rest and with exertion. He does not have a history of coronary artery disease and reports that the pain often occurs at night. He is most likely experiencing which type of angina?

A 53-year-old male presents with recurrent chest pain on exertion. He is diagnosed with angina pectoris. The pain he experiences occurs when:

A 35-year-old male presents with pulmonary hypertension. Testing reveals he is in right heart failure. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?