Question 1

The primary cause of duodenal ulcers is:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypersecretion of pepsin by the stomach. 
B)  chronic gastritis. 
C)  hypersecretion of acid by the duodenum. 
D)  bacterial infection. 
A)  hypersecretion of pepsin by the stomach. 
B)  chronic gastritis. 
C)  hypersecretion of acid by the duodenum. 
D)  bacterial infection.

Question 2

The most common cause of chronic mesenteric (vascular) insufficiency is:

Accepted Answer

A)  anemia. 
B)  aneurysm. 
C)  lack of nutrition in gut lumen. 
D)  atherosclerosis. 
A)  anemia. 
B)  aneurysm. 
C)  lack of nutrition in gut lumen. 
D)  atherosclerosis.

Question 3

A 31-year-old female presents with midabdominal pain. She is expected to have acute pancreatitis. Which of the following lab results is (are) most specific to this diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low hematocrit and hemoglobin 
B)  Elevated white blood cell count 
C)  Elevated serum lipase 
D)  Hyperglycemia 
A)  Low hematocrit and hemoglobin 
B)  Elevated white blood cell count 
C)  Elevated serum lipase 
D)  Hyperglycemia

Question 4

A 39-year-old female presents with chronic intermittent pain in the epigastric area 2 to 3 hours after eating. She is diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased acid secretion. 
B)  occurrence of chronic ulcers. 
C)  pain with eating. 
D)  bloody diarrhea. 
A)  increased acid secretion. 
B)  occurrence of chronic ulcers. 
C)  pain with eating. 
D)  bloody diarrhea.

Question 5

A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease. This condition is most likely caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  hereditary hormonal imbalances with high gastrin levels. 
B)  breaks in the mucosa and presence of corrosive secretions. 
C)  decreased vagal activity and vascular engorgement. 
D)  gastric erosions related to high ammonia levels and bile reflux. 
A)  hereditary hormonal imbalances with high gastrin levels. 
B)  breaks in the mucosa and presence of corrosive secretions. 
C)  decreased vagal activity and vascular engorgement. 
D)  gastric erosions related to high ammonia levels and bile reflux.

Question 6

A serious complication of paraesophageal hiatal hernia is:

Accepted Answer

A)  hemorrhage. 
B)  strangulation. 
C)  peritonitis. 
D)  ascites. 
A)  hemorrhage. 
B)  strangulation. 
C)  peritonitis. 
D)  ascites.

Question 7

The adult intestine processes approximately _____ liters of luminal content per day, of which 99% of the fluid is normally reabsorbed.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  6 
C)  9 
D)  12 
A)  2 
B)  6 
C)  9 
D)  12

Question 8

A 60-year-old male presents with gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain. He reports that he takes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) daily to prevent heart attack. Tests reveal that he has a peptic ulcer. The most likely cause of this disease is:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing subepithelial bicarbonate production. 
B)  accelerating the H+ (proton) pump in parietal cells. 
C)  inhibiting mucosal prostaglandin synthesis. 
D)  stimulating a shunt of mucosal blood flow. 
A)  decreasing subepithelial bicarbonate production. 
B)  accelerating the H+ (proton) pump in parietal cells. 
C)  inhibiting mucosal prostaglandin synthesis. 
D)  stimulating a shunt of mucosal blood flow.

Question 9

A 55-year-old male died in a motor vehicle accident. Autopsy revealed an enlarged liver caused by fatty infiltration, testicular atrophy, and mild jaundice secondary to cirrhosis. The most likely cause of his condition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial infection. 
B)  viral infection. 
C)  alcoholism. 
D)  drug overdose. 
A)  bacterial infection. 
B)  viral infection. 
C)  alcoholism. 
D)  drug overdose.

Question 10

Hepatitis A is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A)  an incubation period of 180 days. 
B)  an acute onset with fever. 
C)  a positive carrier state. 
D)  a sexual mode of transmission. 
A)  an incubation period of 180 days. 
B)  an acute onset with fever. 
C)  a positive carrier state. 
D)  a sexual mode of transmission.

Question 11

Which of the following characteristics is associated with an acute occlusion of mesenteric blood flow to the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Often precipitated by a thromboembolism 
B)  Commonly associated with disease such as pancreatitis and gallstones 
C)  Caused by chronic malnutrition and mucosal atrophy 
D)  Often a complication of hypovolemic shock 
A)  Often precipitated by a thromboembolism 
B)  Commonly associated with disease such as pancreatitis and gallstones 
C)  Caused by chronic malnutrition and mucosal atrophy 
D)  Often a complication of hypovolemic shock

Question 12

A 16-year-old female is diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Excessive weight loss can cause:

Accepted Answer

A)  improved eating habits. 
B)  chronic hypertension. 
C)  bulimia nervosa. 
D)  cardiac failure. 
A)  improved eating habits. 
B)  chronic hypertension. 
C)  bulimia nervosa. 
D)  cardiac failure.

Question 13

An increase in the rate of red blood cell breakdown causes which form of jaundice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obstructive 
B)  Hemolytic 
C)  Hepatocellular 
D)  Metabolic 
A)  Obstructive 
B)  Hemolytic 
C)  Hepatocellular 
D)  Metabolic

Question 14

The cardinal sign of pyloric stenosis caused by ulceration or tumors is:

Accepted Answer

A)  constipation. 
B)  diarrhea. 
C)  vomiting. 
D)  heartburn. 
A)  constipation. 
B)  diarrhea. 
C)  vomiting. 
D)  heartburn.

Question 15

Common symptoms of acute vascular insufficiency include:

Accepted Answer

A)  normal bowel sounds and mild abdominal pain. 
B)  hematemesis and melena. 
C)  cramping abdominal pain and abdominal distention. 
D)  hypertension and anemia. 
A)  normal bowel sounds and mild abdominal pain. 
B)  hematemesis and melena. 
C)  cramping abdominal pain and abdominal distention. 
D)  hypertension and anemia.

Question 16

A 60-year-old female with a history of alcoholism complains of recent weight gain and right flank pain. Physical examination reveals severe ascites. This condition is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased albumin and capillary oncotic pressure. 
B)  decreased capillary filtration pressure. 
C)  decreased capillary permeability. 
D)  aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone suppression. 
A)  decreased albumin and capillary oncotic pressure. 
B)  decreased capillary filtration pressure. 
C)  decreased capillary permeability. 
D)  aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone suppression.

Question 17

Which of the gastrointestinal cancers has the highest rate of incidence and is responsible for the highest number of deaths?

Accepted Answer

A)  Esophageal 
B)  Stomach 
C)  Pancreatic 
D)  Colorectal 
A)  Esophageal 
B)  Stomach 
C)  Pancreatic 
D)  Colorectal

Question 18

A 45-year-old female presents to her physician with chronic constipation, fatigue, and cold intolerance. Which of the following could be the cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurogenic disorder of the large intestine 
B)  Sedentary lifestyle 
C)  Hypothyroidism 
D)  Aging 
A)  Neurogenic disorder of the large intestine 
B)  Sedentary lifestyle 
C)  Hypothyroidism 
D)  Aging

Question 19

A 46-year-old female is diagnosed with gastric ulcers. This disease is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  pain relief with eating. 
B)  an increased risk of gastric cancer. 
C)  regurgitation of bile. 
D)  decreased gastrin production. 
A)  pain relief with eating. 
B)  an increased risk of gastric cancer. 
C)  regurgitation of bile. 
D)  decreased gastrin production.

Question 20

Pancreatic insufficiency seen in chronic pancreatitis results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic inflammation leading to injury and scarring of the pancreas. 
B)  autoimmune destruction of the pancreas. 
C)  decreased bile secretion because of chronic obstruction to the common bile duct. 
D)  oversecretion of insulin by the chronically inflamed pancreas. 
A)  chronic inflammation leading to injury and scarring of the pancreas. 
B)  autoimmune destruction of the pancreas. 
C)  decreased bile secretion because of chronic obstruction to the common bile duct. 
D)  oversecretion of insulin by the chronically inflamed pancreas.

Exam 34: Alterations of Digestive Function

The primary cause of duodenal ulcers is:

The most common cause of chronic mesenteric (vascular) insufficiency is:

A 31-year-old female presents with midabdominal pain. She is expected to have acute pancreatitis. Which of the following lab results is (are) most specific to this diagnosis?

A 39-year-old female presents with chronic intermittent pain in the epigastric area 2 to 3 hours after eating. She is diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer associated with:

A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease. This condition is most likely caused by:

A serious complication of paraesophageal hiatal hernia is:

The adult intestine processes approximately _____ liters of luminal content per day, of which 99% of the fluid is normally reabsorbed.

A 60-year-old male presents with gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain. He reports that he takes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) daily to prevent heart attack. Tests reveal that he has a peptic ulcer. The most likely cause of this disease is:

A 55-year-old male died in a motor vehicle accident. Autopsy revealed an enlarged liver caused by fatty infiltration, testicular atrophy, and mild jaundice secondary to cirrhosis. The most likely cause of his condition is:

Hepatitis A is characterized by:

Which of the following characteristics is associated with an acute occlusion of mesenteric blood flow to the small intestine?

A 16-year-old female is diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Excessive weight loss can cause:

An increase in the rate of red blood cell breakdown causes which form of jaundice?

The cardinal sign of pyloric stenosis caused by ulceration or tumors is:

Common symptoms of acute vascular insufficiency include:

A 60-year-old female with a history of alcoholism complains of recent weight gain and right flank pain. Physical examination reveals severe ascites. This condition is caused by:

Which of the gastrointestinal cancers has the highest rate of incidence and is responsible for the highest number of deaths?

A 45-year-old female presents to her physician with chronic constipation, fatigue, and cold intolerance. Which of the following could be the cause?

A 46-year-old female is diagnosed with gastric ulcers. This disease is associated with:

Pancreatic insufficiency seen in chronic pancreatitis results from:

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Defenses: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Hypersensitivities, Infection, and Immune Deficiencies

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer and Tumor Spread

Cancer Epidemiology, Manifestations, and Treatment

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Alterations of Neurologic Function

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems, Including Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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