Question 1

A compound containing N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) is:

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiolipin. 
B)  ganglioside GM2. 
C)  phosphatidylcholine. 
D)  platelet-activating factor. 
E)  sphingomyelin. 
A)  cardiolipin. 
B)  ganglioside GM2. 
C)  phosphatidylcholine. 
D)  platelet-activating factor. 
E)  sphingomyelin.

Question 2

What are the chemical components of a biological wax, and what is their general structure?

Accepted Answer

Biological waxes are complex mixtures of

Question 3

Which compound is NOT a type of membrane lipid?

Accepted Answer

A)  sphingolipid 
B)  glycerophospholipid 
C)  sulfolipid 
D)  sterol 
E)  triacylglycerolipid 
A)  sphingolipid 
B)  glycerophospholipid 
C)  sulfolipid 
D)  sterol 
E)  triacylglycerolipid

Question 4

Identify the molecule(s) derived from sterols.

Accepted Answer

A)  arachidonic acid 
B)  gangliosides 
C)  phosphatidylglycerol 
D)  prostaglandins 
E)  cortisol 
A)  arachidonic acid 
B)  gangliosides 
C)  phosphatidylglycerol 
D)  prostaglandins 
E)  cortisol

Question 5

Describe three functions of triacylglycerols in mammals and one function in higher plants.

Accepted Answer

In mammals, triacylglycerols serve sever

Question 6

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the synthesis of which signaling lipids from arachidonic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  prostaglandins 
B)  thromboxanes 
C)  leukotrienes 
D)  both prostaglandins and thromboxanes 
E)  both thromboxanes and leukotrienes 
A)  prostaglandins 
B)  thromboxanes 
C)  leukotrienes 
D)  both prostaglandins and thromboxanes 
E)  both thromboxanes and leukotrienes

Question 7

Commercial vegetable oils can be converted from liquid forms to solid forms and have their shelf lives increased due to which process?

Accepted Answer

A)  partial desaturation 
B)  unsaturation 
C)  partial hydrogenation 
D)  hydrolysis 
E)  complete esterification 
A)  partial desaturation 
B)  unsaturation 
C)  partial hydrogenation 
D)  hydrolysis 
E)  complete esterification

Question 8

Draw the structure of phosphatidylcholine. Circle the part of the molecule that is polar and draw an arrow to the part that is nonpolar.

Accepted Answer

Phosphatidylcholine is a type of phospho

Question 9

If beeswax, cholesterol, and phosphatidylglycerol were dissolved in chloroform, then subjected to thin-layer chromatography on silica gel using a mixture of chloroform/methanol/water as the developing solvent, which would move fastest?

Accepted Answer

In thin-layer chromatography (TLC), the

Question 10

_____ contain(s) an ether-linked alkyl group.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cerebrosides 
B)  Gangliosides 
C)  Phosphatidyl serine 
D)  Platelet-activating factor 
E)  Sphingomyelin 
A)  Cerebrosides 
B)  Gangliosides 
C)  Phosphatidyl serine 
D)  Platelet-activating factor 
E)  Sphingomyelin

Question 11

Platelet-activating factor is much more water soluble than most other glycerophospholipids due to which feature?

Accepted Answer

A)  its ether-linked alkyl chain at the C-1 of glycerol 
B)  its ester-linked acetic acid at the C-2 of glycerol 
C)  its ethanolamine head group 
D)  its lack of any long alkyl chains linked to glycerol 
E)  the presence of sphingosine, rather than glycerol, as a lipid backbone 
A)  its ether-linked alkyl chain at the C-1 of glycerol 
B)  its ester-linked acetic acid at the C-2 of glycerol 
C)  its ethanolamine head group 
D)  its lack of any long alkyl chains linked to glycerol 
E)  the presence of sphingosine, rather than glycerol, as a lipid backbone

Question 12

Draw the structure of phosphatidylserine in the ionic form it would have at pH 7.

Accepted Answer

Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid com

Question 13

The venom of some rattlesnakes contains phospholipase A2. a) Explain why a snake bite causes rapid pain and inflammation. b) Based on your biochemical understanding of the mechanism of the pain, suggest a possible treatment. c) If too much phospholipase A2 enters the bloodstream, the significant accumulation of one of the products of the reaction acts as a powerful detergent, causing the lysis of red blood cells and potential death. What is this dangerous product and what makes it such a good detergent?

Accepted Answer

a) The venom of some rattlesnakes contai

Question 14

Biological waxes are all:

Accepted Answer

A)  triesters of glycerol and palmitic acid. 
B)  esters of single fatty acids with long-chain alcohols. 
C)  triesters of glycerol and three long chain saturated fatty acids. 
D)  sphingolipids. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  triesters of glycerol and palmitic acid. 
B)  esters of single fatty acids with long-chain alcohols. 
C)  triesters of glycerol and three long chain saturated fatty acids. 
D)  sphingolipids. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 15

Which technique used to analyze lipids is the fastest but may not be the most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  thin-layer chromatography 
B)  high-performance chromatography 
C)  nuclear magnetic resonance 
D)  direct mass spectrometry 
E)  gas chromatography 
A)  thin-layer chromatography 
B)  high-performance chromatography 
C)  nuclear magnetic resonance 
D)  direct mass spectrometry 
E)  gas chromatography

Question 16

Sphingosine is NOT a component of:

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiolipin. 
B)  ceramide. 
C)  cerebrosides. 
D)  gangliosides. 
E)  sphingomyelin. 
A)  cardiolipin. 
B)  ceramide. 
C)  cerebrosides. 
D)  gangliosides. 
E)  sphingomyelin.

Question 17

Overproduction of which types of signaling lipids causes asthmatic attacks?

Accepted Answer

A)  prostaglandins 
B)  thromboxanes 
C)  arachidonates 
D)  lipoxins 
E)  leukotrienes 
A)  prostaglandins 
B)  thromboxanes 
C)  arachidonates 
D)  lipoxins 
E)  leukotrienes

Question 18

If you wanted to analyze membrane lipids from a biological sample, which solvent would MOST effectively extract those lipids?

Accepted Answer

A)  benzene 
B)  methanol 
C)  water 
D)  chloroform 
E)  ethyl ether 
A)  benzene 
B)  methanol 
C)  water 
D)  chloroform 
E)  ethyl ether

Question 19

Which statement is TRUE of lipids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many contain fatty acids in ester or amide linkage. 
B)  Most are simply polymers of isoprene. 
C)  Testosterone is an important sphingolipid found in myelin. 
D)  They are more soluble in water than in chloroform. 
E)  They play only passive roles as energy-storage molecules. 
A)  Many contain fatty acids in ester or amide linkage. 
B)  Most are simply polymers of isoprene. 
C)  Testosterone is an important sphingolipid found in myelin. 
D)  They are more soluble in water than in chloroform. 
E)  They play only passive roles as energy-storage molecules.

Question 20

What is the most significant chemical difference between triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipids that leads to their different functions?

Accepted Answer

The most significant chemical difference

Exam 10: Lipids

A compound containing N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) is:

What are the chemical components of a biological wax, and what is their general structure?

Which compound is NOT a type of membrane lipid?

Identify the molecule(s) derived from sterols.

Describe three functions of triacylglycerols in mammals and one function in higher plants.

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the synthesis of which signaling lipids from arachidonic acid?

Commercial vegetable oils can be converted from liquid forms to solid forms and have their shelf lives increased due to which process?

Draw the structure of phosphatidylcholine. Circle the part of the molecule that is polar and draw an arrow to the part that is nonpolar.

If beeswax, cholesterol, and phosphatidylglycerol were dissolved in chloroform, then subjected to thin-layer chromatography on silica gel using a mixture of chloroform/methanol/water as the developing solvent, which would move fastest?

_____ contain(s) an ether-linked alkyl group.

Platelet-activating factor is much more water soluble than most other glycerophospholipids due to which feature?

Draw the structure of phosphatidylserine in the ionic form it would have at pH 7.

Biological waxes are all:

Which technique used to analyze lipids is the fastest but may not be the most accurate?

Sphingosine is NOT a component of:

Overproduction of which types of signaling lipids causes asthmatic attacks?

If you wanted to analyze membrane lipids from a biological sample, which solvent would MOST effectively extract those lipids?

Which statement is TRUE of lipids?

What is the most significant chemical difference between triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipids that leads to their different functions?

The Foundations of Biochemistry

Water

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function

Enzymes

Carbohydrates and Glycobiology

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

DNA-Based Information Technologies

Biological Membranes and Transport

Biosignaling

Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types

Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Principles of Metabolic Regulation

The Citric Acid Cycle

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation

Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria

Lipid Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules

Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism

Genes and Chromosomes

DNA Metabolism

RNA Metabolism

Protein Metabolism

Regulation of Gene Expression

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