Question 1

Two-year-old Owen watches 6-year-old Evan behave aggressively with his stuffed animals.Owen would be MOST likely to imitate Evan if:

Accepted Answer

A) Evan exits the room and leaves Owen alone with the stuffed animals. 
B) their father ignores what is going on in the room. 
C) their father suggests that Evan play with another toy. 
D) their father praises Evan for being strong and brave. 
A) Evan exits the room and leaves Owen alone with the stuffed animals. 
B) their father ignores what is going on in the room. 
C) their father suggests that Evan play with another toy. 
D) their father praises Evan for being strong and brave.

Question 2

A conditioned compensatory response is a:

Accepted Answer

A) special type of UR. 
B) CR that is of greater intensity than the UR. 
C) CR that opposes the UR. 
D) drug-paired stimulus. 
A) special type of UR. 
B) CR that is of greater intensity than the UR. 
C) CR that opposes the UR. 
D) drug-paired stimulus.

Question 3

A speck of dirt that gets into your eye will naturally cause a blinking reflex.The speck of dirt is a(n)_____ stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned 
B) unconditioned 
C) neutral 
D) second-order 
A) conditioned 
B) unconditioned 
C) neutral 
D) second-order

Question 4

A rat in a complicated maze with many arms,some of which are baited with food,will:

Accepted Answer

A) once finding food in an arm,return only to that arm. 
B) explore the entire maze but often revisit arms that contained food. 
C) explore the maze in a random,haphazard fashion due to its complexity. 
D) rarely return to an arm it has previously visited. 
A) once finding food in an arm,return only to that arm. 
B) explore the entire maze but often revisit arms that contained food. 
C) explore the maze in a random,haphazard fashion due to its complexity. 
D) rarely return to an arm it has previously visited.

Question 5

The technical term for a Skinner box is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning chamber. 
B) radial arm maze. 
C) classical conditioning chamber. 
D) puzzle box. 
A) operant conditioning chamber. 
B) radial arm maze. 
C) classical conditioning chamber. 
D) puzzle box.

Question 6

Accustomed to the sound of the old can opener,a cat still rushes to her food dish,even when she hears the slightly different sound of the new can opener for the first time.This demonstrates:

Accepted Answer

A) second-order conditioning. 
B) discrimination. 
C) generalization. 
D) spontaneous recovery. 
A) second-order conditioning. 
B) discrimination. 
C) generalization. 
D) spontaneous recovery.

Question 7

Little Albert was a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) human infant conditioned to fear a white rat. 
B) human infant raised in a modified operant chamber. 
C) Bobo doll in Bandura's experiments on observational learning. 
D) affectionate nickname given to the Bobo doll in Bandura's experiments. 
A) human infant conditioned to fear a white rat. 
B) human infant raised in a modified operant chamber. 
C) Bobo doll in Bandura's experiments on observational learning. 
D) affectionate nickname given to the Bobo doll in Bandura's experiments.

Question 8

The learning process involves the _____ of new knowledge,skills,or responses as a function of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) development;time 
B) growth;maturity 
C) acquisition;experience 
D) gradual accumulation;education 
A) development;time 
B) growth;maturity 
C) acquisition;experience 
D) gradual accumulation;education

Question 9

When something desirable is presented upon the occurrence of a behavior,and as a result that behavior is strengthened,_____ has happened.

Accepted Answer

A) positive punishment 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive reinforcement 
D) negative punishment 
A) positive punishment 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive reinforcement 
D) negative punishment

Question 10

An example of a nonassociationistic learning process is:

Accepted Answer

A) sensitization. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) observational learning. 
A) sensitization. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) observational learning.

Question 11

_____ reinforcers help satisfy biological needs.

Accepted Answer

A) Primary 
B) Secondary 
C) Immediate 
D) Conditioned 
A) Primary 
B) Secondary 
C) Immediate 
D) Conditioned

Question 12

When children observed the adult models being rewarded for being aggressive toward the Bobo doll,the children:

Accepted Answer

A) were even more aggressive to the Bobo doll. 
B) were less aggressive to the Bobo doll. 
C) initially were more aggressive but then became less aggressive toward the Bobo doll. 
D) did not change their aggressiveness toward the Bobo doll. 
A) were even more aggressive to the Bobo doll. 
B) were less aggressive to the Bobo doll. 
C) initially were more aggressive but then became less aggressive toward the Bobo doll. 
D) did not change their aggressiveness toward the Bobo doll.

Question 13

Which statement about learning is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Learning is based more on genetics than experience. 
B) Learning produces changes in the organism. 
C) The changes produced by learning are relatively permanent. 
D) Learning may involve the acquisition of a new skill. 
A) Learning is based more on genetics than experience. 
B) Learning produces changes in the organism. 
C) The changes produced by learning are relatively permanent. 
D) Learning may involve the acquisition of a new skill.

Question 14

Which item is a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A) food 
B) shelter 
C) money 
D) comfort 
A) food 
B) shelter 
C) money 
D) comfort

Question 15

The "negative" in negative reinforcement and negative punishment means that:

Accepted Answer

A) the target behavior increases in frequency. 
B) a stimulus is removed upon the occurrence of the target behavior. 
C) an unpleasant stimulus is presented upon the occurrence of the target behavior. 
D) the target behavior decreases in frequency. 
A) the target behavior increases in frequency. 
B) a stimulus is removed upon the occurrence of the target behavior. 
C) an unpleasant stimulus is presented upon the occurrence of the target behavior. 
D) the target behavior decreases in frequency.

Question 16

A father demonstrates to his teenage daughter how to use a wrench.The daughter learns to use the wrench and then models it to her interested 10-year-old brother.He in turn demonstrates how to use a toy wrench to their three-year-old sibling.This constitutes:

Accepted Answer

A) shaping by approximations. 
B) a three-term contingency. 
C) a behavioral chain. 
D) a diffusion chain. 
A) shaping by approximations. 
B) a three-term contingency. 
C) a behavioral chain. 
D) a diffusion chain.

Question 17

Which item is NOT an example of a schedule of intermittent reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) variable interval 1 minute 
B) fixed interval 2 minute 
C) fixed ratio 1 
D) variable ratio 10 
A) variable interval 1 minute 
B) fixed interval 2 minute 
C) fixed ratio 1 
D) variable ratio 10

Question 18

One day when Max was bowling,his shoelaces came untied and he bowled a strike.From then onward,Max always bowled with his shoes untied.This action is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) intermittent reinforcement. 
D) superstitious behavior. 
A) negative reinforcement. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) intermittent reinforcement. 
D) superstitious behavior.

Question 19

Which statement about learning artificial grammar is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Participants usually can verbally express 60-70% of the grammatical rules. 
B) Learning the grammatical rules is explicit;using them is implicit. 
C) If participants cannot explicitly state a grammatical rule,they usually violate it. 
D) Participants implicitly learn artificial grammar without being cognizant of the actual grammatical rules. 
A) Participants usually can verbally express 60-70% of the grammatical rules. 
B) Learning the grammatical rules is explicit;using them is implicit. 
C) If participants cannot explicitly state a grammatical rule,they usually violate it. 
D) Participants implicitly learn artificial grammar without being cognizant of the actual grammatical rules.

Question 20

A celebrity makes an insensitive tweet and,as a consequence,loses thousands of followers.As a result,he is less likely to make insensitive tweets in the future.This illustrates which behavioral process?

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) negative punishment 
A) positive reinforcement 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) negative punishment

Exam 7: Learning-Part A

Two-year-old Owen watches 6-year-old Evan behave aggressively with his stuffed animals.Owen would be MOST likely to imitate Evan if:

A conditioned compensatory response is a:

A speck of dirt that gets into your eye will naturally cause a blinking reflex.The speck of dirt is a(n)_____ stimulus.

A rat in a complicated maze with many arms,some of which are baited with food,will:

The technical term for a Skinner box is a(n):

Accustomed to the sound of the old can opener,a cat still rushes to her food dish,even when she hears the slightly different sound of the new can opener for the first time.This demonstrates:

Little Albert was a(n):

The learning process involves the _____ of new knowledge,skills,or responses as a function of _____.

When something desirable is presented upon the occurrence of a behavior,and as a result that behavior is strengthened,_____ has happened.

An example of a nonassociationistic learning process is:

_____ reinforcers help satisfy biological needs.

When children observed the adult models being rewarded for being aggressive toward the Bobo doll,the children:

Which statement about learning is FALSE?

Which item is a secondary reinforcer?

The "negative" in negative reinforcement and negative punishment means that:

A father demonstrates to his teenage daughter how to use a wrench.The daughter learns to use the wrench and then models it to her interested 10-year-old brother.He in turn demonstrates how to use a toy wrench to their three-year-old sibling.This constitutes:

Which item is NOT an example of a schedule of intermittent reinforcement?

One day when Max was bowling,his shoelaces came untied and he bowled a strike.From then onward,Max always bowled with his shoes untied.This action is an example of:

Which statement about learning artificial grammar is TRUE?

A celebrity makes an insensitive tweet and,as a consequence,loses thousands of followers.As a result,he is less likely to make insensitive tweets in the future.This illustrates which behavioral process?

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part A

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part B

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part C

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part D

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part E

Methods in Psychology-Part A

Methods in Psychology-Part B

Methods in Psychology-Part C

Methods in Psychology-Part D

Methods in Psychology-Part E

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part A

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part B

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part C

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part D

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part E

Sensation and Perception-Part A

Sensation and Perception-Part B

Sensation and Perception-Part C

Sensation and Perception-Part D

Sensation and Perception-Part E

Consciousness-Part A

Consciousness-Part B

Consciousness-Part C

Consciousness-Part D

Consciousness-Part E

Memory-Part A

Memory-Part B

Memory-Part C

Memory-Part D

Memory-Part E

Learning-Part B

Learning-Part C

Learning-Part D

Learning-Part E

Emotion and Motivation-Part A

Emotion and Motivation-Part B

Emotion and Motivation-Part C

Emotion and Motivation-Part D

Emotion and Motivation-Part E

Language and Thought-Part A

Language and Thought-Part B

Language and Thought-Part C

Language and Thought-Part D

Language and Thought-Part E

Intelligence-Part A

Intelligence-Part B

Intelligence-Part C

Intelligence-Part D

Intelligence-Part E

Development-Part A

Development-Part B

Development-Part C

Development-Part D

Development-Part E

Personality-Part A

Personality-Part B

Personality-Part C

Personality-Part D

Personality-Part E

The learning process involves the _ of new knowledge,skills,or responses as a function of _.