Question 1

Which statement about the observational learning that occurs when participants watched videos of dance moves relative to actually practicing the dance moves is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Vastly different brain regions were activated between the two scenarios. 
B) The participants who only observed dance moves exhibited no learning on a surprise dance test. 
C) Both groups performed equally well on a surprise dance test. 
D) The participants who actually practiced dancing performed better on the surprise dance task. 
A) Vastly different brain regions were activated between the two scenarios. 
B) The participants who only observed dance moves exhibited no learning on a surprise dance test. 
C) Both groups performed equally well on a surprise dance test. 
D) The participants who actually practiced dancing performed better on the surprise dance task.

Question 2

When the Brelands tried to teach pigs and raccoons to drop a coin into a box,the animals:

Accepted Answer

A) learned the trick only if explicit reinforcement was provided for doing so. 
B) learned the trick if food was used as a reinforcer but did not learn the trick if secondary reinforcement was used. 
C) had difficulty learning the trick because it competed with their biological tendencies. 
D) failed to learn the trick,indicating that some animals have evolved to be resistant to operant conditioning. 
A) learned the trick only if explicit reinforcement was provided for doing so. 
B) learned the trick if food was used as a reinforcer but did not learn the trick if secondary reinforcement was used. 
C) had difficulty learning the trick because it competed with their biological tendencies. 
D) failed to learn the trick,indicating that some animals have evolved to be resistant to operant conditioning.

Question 3

When the veterinarian advised an owner to feed her dog in the morning instead of in the evening,it took several days for the dog to stop salivating late in the afternoon around its previous dinnertime.The gradual decrease in salivation across days is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) extinction. 
C) generalization. 
D) second-order conditioning. 
A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) extinction. 
C) generalization. 
D) second-order conditioning.

Question 4

Regions in the _____ lobes are thought to be part of the mirror neuron system in humans.

Accepted Answer

A) frontal and temporal 
B) frontal and parietal 
C) frontal and occipital 
D) temporal and occipital 
A) frontal and temporal 
B) frontal and parietal 
C) frontal and occipital 
D) temporal and occipital

Question 5

Behavior that an organism produces,which has some impact on the environment,is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) operant behavior. 
B) the law of effect. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) a reinforcer. 
A) operant behavior. 
B) the law of effect. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) a reinforcer.

Question 6

An animal trainer is conditioning an elephant to startle at the sound of a trombone.Every time she plays the trombone,she then shows the elephant a mouse,which startles the elephant.Eventually,the elephant startles at just the sound of the trombone.However,after playing the trombone 10 more times,without a mouse appearing,the elephant exhibits no response.The trainer then gives the elephant an adequate rest period from the trombone.What is MOST likely to occur if the elephant hears the trombone again the following week?

Accepted Answer

A) The elephant will not react. 
B) The elephant will have a greatly delayed startle reaction. 
C) The elephant will startle upon hearing the sound. 
D) The elephant will startle only if it sees a mouse. 
A) The elephant will not react. 
B) The elephant will have a greatly delayed startle reaction. 
C) The elephant will startle upon hearing the sound. 
D) The elephant will startle only if it sees a mouse.

Question 7

Positive punishers _____ and negative punishers _____ the future probability of the behavior that led to these respective consequences.

Accepted Answer

A) increase;increase 
B) increase;decrease 
C) decrease;decrease 
D) decrease;increase 
A) increase;increase 
B) increase;decrease 
C) decrease;decrease 
D) decrease;increase

Question 8

In an experiment studying classical conditioning,a tone sounds and 0.5 seconds later a puff of air is delivered to a participant's eye.The participant blinks.This process is repeated once per minute.After a number of trials,the participant blinks as soon as the tone sounds and before the puff of air is actually delivered.Within the context of this example,what is the CR?

Accepted Answer

A) blinking once per minute 
B) blinking to the puff of air 
C) blinking to the tone 
D) blinking to the puff of air or the tone 
A) blinking once per minute 
B) blinking to the puff of air 
C) blinking to the tone 
D) blinking to the puff of air or the tone

Question 9

Chimpanzees raised in the wild watched a human model using a tool either efficiently or inefficiently and then themselves interacted with the tool.Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Only the chimpanzees observing efficient behavior used the tool,but use was not efficient. 
B) Only the chimpanzees observing efficient behavior used the tool,and use was efficient. 
C) Both groups used the tool in the manner that they observed. 
D) Both groups used the tool but did not differ in their efficiency. 
A) Only the chimpanzees observing efficient behavior used the tool,but use was not efficient. 
B) Only the chimpanzees observing efficient behavior used the tool,and use was efficient. 
C) Both groups used the tool in the manner that they observed. 
D) Both groups used the tool but did not differ in their efficiency.

Question 10

Skinner's approach to the study of learning focused on _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement;reward 
B) reinforcement;punishment 
C) punishment;escape 
D) the mind;behavior 
A) reinforcement;reward 
B) reinforcement;punishment 
C) punishment;escape 
D) the mind;behavior

Question 11

When a child cries when her babysitter is around,the babysitter picks her up and talks to her.Because of the attention,the child becomes more likely to cry in the future.If the child cries when any adult is in the room,what process has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A) generalization 
B) discrimination 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) negative punishment 
A) generalization 
B) discrimination 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) negative punishment

Question 12

Not only did Little Albert learn to fear white rats,he also cried when presented with a Santa Claus mask or a seal-fur coat.This behavior was the result of:

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus discrimination. 
B) stimulus generalization. 
C) second-order conditioning. 
D) punishment. 
A) stimulus discrimination. 
B) stimulus generalization. 
C) second-order conditioning. 
D) punishment.

Question 13

Slot machines pay out according to which type of reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

A) variable ratio 
B) fixed-ratio 
C) fixed-interval 
D) variable interval 
A) variable ratio 
B) fixed-ratio 
C) fixed-interval 
D) variable interval

Question 14

Which statement about primary reinforcers is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Primary reinforcers include handshakes,smiles,and trophies. 
B) Primary reinforcers have little to do with the majority of daily reinforcers and punishers. 
C) Primary reinforcers acquire value through classical conditioning. 
D) Primary reinforcers do not help satisfy biological needs. 
A) Primary reinforcers include handshakes,smiles,and trophies. 
B) Primary reinforcers have little to do with the majority of daily reinforcers and punishers. 
C) Primary reinforcers acquire value through classical conditioning. 
D) Primary reinforcers do not help satisfy biological needs.

Question 15

An initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a response because it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus is called a(n)_____ stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) discriminative 
B) habituated 
C) conditioned 
D) reinforcing 
A) discriminative 
B) habituated 
C) conditioned 
D) reinforcing

Question 16

A study put rats in a typical T-maze that ended with two different directions.The study found that,if a rat found food in one arm on the first trial of the day,it typically looked in the other arm on the very next trial.This is BEST explained by:

Accepted Answer

A) the rat's evolutionary preparedness of foraging. 
B) latent learning in the absence of reinforcement. 
C) the behaviorist view of operant conditioning. 
D) the formation of stimulus-response associations. 
A) the rat's evolutionary preparedness of foraging. 
B) latent learning in the absence of reinforcement. 
C) the behaviorist view of operant conditioning. 
D) the formation of stimulus-response associations.

Question 17

Who proposed the law of effect?

Accepted Answer

A) Ivan Pavlov 
B) John Watson 
C) B.F.Skinner 
D) Edward Thorndike 
A) Ivan Pavlov 
B) John Watson 
C) B.F.Skinner 
D) Edward Thorndike

Question 18

The tendency of a previously extinguished behavior to reoccur following a rest period is called:

Accepted Answer

A) sensitization. 
B) generalization. 
C) spontaneous recovery. 
D) acquisition. 
A) sensitization. 
B) generalization. 
C) spontaneous recovery. 
D) acquisition.

Question 19

When a drug of abuse such as heroin is injected,the entire setting (the drug paraphernalia,the room,the lighting,etc. )can become a _____ and elicit responses _____ the drug.

Accepted Answer

A) US;similar to 
B) US;that counteract 
C) CS;similar to 
D) CS;that counteract 
A) US;similar to 
B) US;that counteract 
C) CS;similar to 
D) CS;that counteract

Question 20

The smell of a particular perfume scent causes Juan's heart to flutter because he associates it with his girlfriend.The perfume is a:

Accepted Answer

A) US. 
B) UR. 
C) CS. 
D) CR. 
A) US. 
B) UR. 
C) CS. 
D) CR.

Exam 7: Learning-Part A

Which statement about the observational learning that occurs when participants watched videos of dance moves relative to actually practicing the dance moves is TRUE?

When the Brelands tried to teach pigs and raccoons to drop a coin into a box,the animals:

When the veterinarian advised an owner to feed her dog in the morning instead of in the evening,it took several days for the dog to stop salivating late in the afternoon around its previous dinnertime.The gradual decrease in salivation across days is an example of:

Regions in the _____ lobes are thought to be part of the mirror neuron system in humans.

Behavior that an organism produces,which has some impact on the environment,is known as:

Positive punishers _____ and negative punishers _____ the future probability of the behavior that led to these respective consequences.

Chimpanzees raised in the wild watched a human model using a tool either efficiently or inefficiently and then themselves interacted with the tool.Which statement is TRUE?

Skinner's approach to the study of learning focused on _____ and _____.

When a child cries when her babysitter is around,the babysitter picks her up and talks to her.Because of the attention,the child becomes more likely to cry in the future.If the child cries when any adult is in the room,what process has occurred?

Not only did Little Albert learn to fear white rats,he also cried when presented with a Santa Claus mask or a seal-fur coat.This behavior was the result of:

Slot machines pay out according to which type of reinforcement schedule?

Which statement about primary reinforcers is TRUE?

An initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a response because it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus is called a(n)_____ stimulus.

A study put rats in a typical T-maze that ended with two different directions.The study found that,if a rat found food in one arm on the first trial of the day,it typically looked in the other arm on the very next trial.This is BEST explained by:

Who proposed the law of effect?

The tendency of a previously extinguished behavior to reoccur following a rest period is called:

When a drug of abuse such as heroin is injected,the entire setting (the drug paraphernalia,the room,the lighting,etc. )can become a _____ and elicit responses _____ the drug.

The smell of a particular perfume scent causes Juan's heart to flutter because he associates it with his girlfriend.The perfume is a:

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part A

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part B

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part C

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part D

Evolution of Psychological Science-Part E

Methods in Psychology-Part A

Methods in Psychology-Part B

Methods in Psychology-Part C

Methods in Psychology-Part D

Methods in Psychology-Part E

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part A

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part B

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part C

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part D

Neuroscience and Behavior-Part E

Sensation and Perception-Part A

Sensation and Perception-Part B

Sensation and Perception-Part C

Sensation and Perception-Part D

Sensation and Perception-Part E

Consciousness-Part A

Consciousness-Part B

Consciousness-Part C

Consciousness-Part D

Consciousness-Part E

Memory-Part A

Memory-Part B

Memory-Part C

Memory-Part D

Memory-Part E

Learning-Part B

Learning-Part C

Learning-Part D

Learning-Part E

Emotion and Motivation-Part A

Emotion and Motivation-Part B

Emotion and Motivation-Part C

Emotion and Motivation-Part D

Emotion and Motivation-Part E

Language and Thought-Part A

Language and Thought-Part B

Language and Thought-Part C

Language and Thought-Part D

Language and Thought-Part E

Intelligence-Part A

Intelligence-Part B

Intelligence-Part C

Intelligence-Part D

Intelligence-Part E

Development-Part A

Development-Part B

Development-Part C

Development-Part D

Development-Part E

Personality-Part A

Personality-Part B

Personality-Part C

Personality-Part D

Personality-Part E

Social Psychology-Part A

Social Psychology-Part B

Positive punishers _ and negative punishers _ the future probability of the behavior that led to these respective consequences.

Skinner's approach to the study of learning focused on _ and _.

When a drug of abuse such as heroin is injected,the entire setting (the drug paraphernalia,the room,the lighting,etc. )can become a _ and elicit responses _ the drug.