Exam 9: Language and Thought-Part C

People with Wernicke's aphasia have difficulty producing grammatically correct speech.

Prospect theory assumes that people give a greater weight to outcomes that are certainties.

On average,patients with prefrontal cortex damage are less sensitive to the future consequences of their behavior than are non-brain-damaged individuals.

Behaviorist explanations of language development emphasize how language is acquired through shaping and reinforcement.

The telegraphic speech of a 2-year-old child usually is not grammatical.

Language is a set of rules that specify how the units of grammar are combined to produce meaningful messages.

Instead of being spontaneously generated,insightful solutions appear to be the result of incremental unconscious processes.

Prospect theory predicts that when given the choice between two options,people will choose the option associated with the greatest objective value.

The best time to acquire a second language is right after puberty,when learning skills and concentration have developed but the brain is still fairly plastic.

Noam Chomsky is an advocate of the nativist theory of language development.

The availability bias is an example of a heuristic.

Fast mapping occurs when children associate a word with its underlying concept after a single exposure to that word.

People are more likely to buy a product if they are told that it works 70% of the time than if they are told it fails to work 30% of the time.

The orderly series of linguistic milestones primarily is due to cognitive development.

Deaf babies will not begin to babble until they are taught an alternative means of communication,such as American Sign Language.

When we engage in analogical problem solving,we attempt to solve a problem by finding a similar problem with a known solution and applying that solution to the current problem.

On average,gamblers with prefrontal cortex damage will show less of an emotional reaction to a loss than will non-brain-damaged gamblers.

Damage to the lower left temporal lobe of the brain may result in the inability to identify humans.

Because they are older when they begin to learn English,Chinese preschoolers adopted into American families begin to use English content and function morphemes at around the same time as do preschoolers who are not adopted.

Family resemblance theory is useful for categorizing people as belonging to the same or different families,but it contributes little to our understanding of other categories.