Exam 9: Language and Thought-Part C

Apes who have acquired the use of American Sign Language speak at the level of a 4-year-old child.

When people use the representative heuristic to judge the probability of an event,they tend to ignore information about the base-rate occurrence of the event.

Bilinguals have increased gray-matter density in the prefrontal cortex relative to monolinguals.

A heuristic is a well-defined sequence of steps that guarantees a solution to a problem.

A simple syntactical rule in the English language is "i before e except after c."

Apes who have acquired the use of human language can process the meaning of grammatically complex sentences.

Family resemblance theory holds that all members of a category share at least one feature in common.

The sunk-cost fallacy states that people tend to make poorer financial decisions when information is presented in probability form relative to frequency form.

The more characteristics an object shares with a prototype,the more likely it will be excluded from a category that already contains a prototype.

If language capacity is significantly impaired,other higher-executive cognitions necessarily will be impaired.

The goal of a means-ends approach to problem solving is to modify the goal state until it is as similar as possible to the current state.

Patients with prefrontal cortex damage make more risky choices than do non-brain-damaged individuals.

It is not uncommon for 5-year-old children to make more grammatical mistakes using the past tense than do 3-year-old children.

The first step of means-ends analysis is to find a similar problem with a known solution.

The best,or most typical,member of a category is called an exemplar.

Recent research suggests that language affects the way we process colors.

Japanese adults cannot distinguish between the "l" and "r" phonemes.

Research on preliterate cultures has determined that the appearance of competency on reasoning tests depends more on whether the task makes sense to participants than on their problem-solving ability.

Grammatical mistakes in children most often arise from not applying a previously learned rule to a novel sentence construction.

Bilingual children tend to have a smaller vocabulary in each language than do their monolingual peers.