Exam 7: Learning-Part C

Examples of primary reinforcement include food,comfort,and warmth.

In operant conditioning,occasionally not delivering a reinforcer when the behavior occurs may actually strengthen that behavior.

William James conducted the Little Albert study.

The more often a person eats a particular food,the more likely it is that she ultimately will form a taste aversion to it.

Delay between the behavior and the consequence affects the processes of reinforcement and punishment differently.

The nucleus accumbens,medial forebrain bundle,and hypothalamus are all major pleasure centers in the brain.

Extinction of an operant response involves removing a desired stimulus when the behavior occurs.

Increased discrimination results in increased generalization.

Habituation and sensitization are forms of learning that can be demonstrated in the simplest of organisms.

If connections between the amygdala and hypothalamus are severed,the behavioral changes associated with fear conditioning will not occur.

Reinforcement is generally more effective at promoting learning than is punishment.

The part of the brain that is essential to emotional conditioning is the thalamus.

Operant behavior is behavior under the control of its consequences.

A textile worker who is paid by the piece for the number of shirts sewn is on a fixed-ratio schedule.

The functions of the cerebellum are critical for eyeblink conditioning.

Some types of learning begin as explicit but become implicit over time.

Bandura's research demonstrated that simply observing aggressive models was not sufficient to produce aggressive behavior in children;reinforcement of the aggressive behavior was needed.

Delayed reinforcers are usually less effective than are immediate reinforcers.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex has been shown to dramatically increase the speed of observational learning by increasing the activity of mirror neurons.

Responding is not required for reinforcement under a fixed interval schedule.