Question 1

According to specificity theory, why does NutraSweet taste similar to sugar?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sugar and NutraSweet have the same chemical structure. 
B)  Sugar and NutraSweet stimulate the same type of neurons. 
C)  Sugar and NutraSweet stimulate a variety of taste receptors. 
D)  For Sugar and NutraSweet, the intensity of taste sensation increases in a logarithmic proportion. 
A)  Sugar and NutraSweet have the same chemical structure. 
B)  Sugar and NutraSweet stimulate the same type of neurons. 
C)  Sugar and NutraSweet stimulate a variety of taste receptors. 
D)  For Sugar and NutraSweet, the intensity of taste sensation increases in a logarithmic proportion.

Question 2

What is the name of the phenomenon in which one sees the complementary hue and the opposite brightness of a previously presented stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  simultaneous color contrast 
B)  negative afterimage 
C)  unique color 
D)  subtractive color mixture 
A)  simultaneous color contrast 
B)  negative afterimage 
C)  unique color 
D)  subtractive color mixture

Question 3

Each glomerulus responds to input from __________ of the receptor types, but each type of odorant may bind to __________ of the receptor types.

Accepted Answer

A)  more than one; only one 
B)  more than one; more than one 
C)  only one; more than one 
D)  only one; only one 
A)  more than one; only one 
B)  more than one; more than one 
C)  only one; more than one 
D)  only one; only one

Question 4

According to Gustav Fechner, what units should be used to describe a jnd?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothetical units of psychological sensation 
B)  the same units that are used to describe the physical stimulus that produces it 
C)  the frequency of neural impulses per second 
D)  a description of a jnd should not include units 
A)  hypothetical units of psychological sensation 
B)  the same units that are used to describe the physical stimulus that produces it 
C)  the frequency of neural impulses per second 
D)  a description of a jnd should not include units

Question 5

What is true of color blindness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Color blindness affects one of about every million people. 
B)  Individuals who suffer from the most common type of color blindness are most likely to see everything as different shades of yellow. 
C)  Individuals who suffer from the most common type of color blindness are unable to distinguish blue from red. 
D)  Individuals who suffer from color blindness are more likely to be male than female. 
A)  Color blindness affects one of about every million people. 
B)  Individuals who suffer from the most common type of color blindness are most likely to see everything as different shades of yellow. 
C)  Individuals who suffer from the most common type of color blindness are unable to distinguish blue from red. 
D)  Individuals who suffer from color blindness are more likely to be male than female.

Question 6

A research participant listens to a 1,000 hertz tone. The frequency of the tone is slowly increased, and the participant is instructed to acknowledge when she hears a change in the tone of the pitch. At 1,050 hertz, the participant notes that the pitch of the tone is not the same as it was before. In this case, what does the change of 50 hertz represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  the absolute threshold 
B)  the difference threshold 
C)  a hypothetical change in the physical sensation 
D)  discrimination learning in classical conditioning 
A)  the absolute threshold 
B)  the difference threshold 
C)  a hypothetical change in the physical sensation 
D)  discrimination learning in classical conditioning

Question 7

According to Weber's law, which of the following should be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are only three types of color receptors required to see the full color spectrum. 
B)  A constant, high-pitched stimulus produces a stronger sensation than an infrequent, low-pitched stimulus. 
C)  Different light wavelengths trigger activity in different neurons. 
D)  The difference threshold is a constant proportion of the intensity of a stimulus. 
A)  There are only three types of color receptors required to see the full color spectrum. 
B)  A constant, high-pitched stimulus produces a stronger sensation than an infrequent, low-pitched stimulus. 
C)  Different light wavelengths trigger activity in different neurons. 
D)  The difference threshold is a constant proportion of the intensity of a stimulus.

Question 8

How many different types of cones make up normal human color vision?

Accepted Answer

A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  five 
A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  five

Question 9

Sensory adaptation refers to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the fact that our sensory apparatus will respond strongly to a stimulus when it first arrives 
B)  the fact that, if a stimulus continues on unchanged, our sensory response gradually decreases 
C)  the fact that we can detect changes in a stimulus only if we have sufficient time to adapt 
D)  both a and b 
A)  the fact that our sensory apparatus will respond strongly to a stimulus when it first arrives 
B)  the fact that, if a stimulus continues on unchanged, our sensory response gradually decreases 
C)  the fact that we can detect changes in a stimulus only if we have sufficient time to adapt 
D)  both a and b

Question 10

What is true of the amplitude of a sound wave?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is inversely proportional to the sound wave's wavelength. 
B)  It corresponds to the psychological dimension of loudness. 
C)  It corresponds to the psychological dimension of pitch. 
D)  It is measured in units called hertz. 
A)  It is inversely proportional to the sound wave's wavelength. 
B)  It corresponds to the psychological dimension of loudness. 
C)  It corresponds to the psychological dimension of pitch. 
D)  It is measured in units called hertz.

Question 11

In the equation   , what does the c represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  the intensity of the standard stimulus 
B)  the change or amount that must be added to the standard intensity to produce a jnd 
C)  a constant 
D)  the changed stimulus 
A)  the intensity of the standard stimulus 
B)  the change or amount that must be added to the standard intensity to produce a jnd 
C)  a constant 
D)  the changed stimulus

Question 12

One unusual person was red-green color blind in one eye but had normal color vision in the other eye. She was able to describe what she saw with the defective eye by using the color language she had learned to use with her good eye. As she described it, with the color-blind eye she saw only __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  gray 
B)  yellow and gray 
C)  grays, blues, and yellows 
D)  browns 
A)  gray 
B)  yellow and gray 
C)  grays, blues, and yellows 
D)  browns

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of taste receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Taste receptors can respond to any tastant indiscriminately. 
B)  Taste receptors are especially sensitive to one particular tastant, but can respond to any of the basic tastes. 
C)  Taste receptors respond to only one kind of tastant. 
D)  Taste receptors respond to both tastants and odorants. 
A)  Taste receptors can respond to any tastant indiscriminately. 
B)  Taste receptors are especially sensitive to one particular tastant, but can respond to any of the basic tastes. 
C)  Taste receptors respond to only one kind of tastant. 
D)  Taste receptors respond to both tastants and odorants.

Question 14

What is true of the lens in the human eye?

Accepted Answer

A)  It transduces light energy into neural impulses. 
B)  It controls the amount of light entering the eye. 
C)  It bends light rays that pass through it. 
D)  It represents the proximal stimulus for vision. 
A)  It transduces light energy into neural impulses. 
B)  It controls the amount of light entering the eye. 
C)  It bends light rays that pass through it. 
D)  It represents the proximal stimulus for vision.

Question 15

The philosophical viewpoint called empiricism takes the position that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the mind contains innate categories of space and time 
B)  the mind is like a computer, always actively processing information 
C)  we are born with a soul that is different from the mind and outlasts the body 
D)  our senses passively receive experiences 
A)  the mind contains innate categories of space and time 
B)  the mind is like a computer, always actively processing information 
C)  we are born with a soul that is different from the mind and outlasts the body 
D)  our senses passively receive experiences

Question 16

We can localize a sound, or tell from where it is coming, because __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  we have ears on each side of our head 
B)  we can compare the signal received by the left and right ears 
C)  we can turn our head to determine how the arrival of the sound at the two ears changes 
D)  all of the above 
A)  we have ears on each side of our head 
B)  we can compare the signal received by the left and right ears 
C)  we can turn our head to determine how the arrival of the sound at the two ears changes 
D)  all of the above

Question 17

Approximately how many different shades of colors can a person with normal color vision typically distinguish between?

Accepted Answer

A)  100 
B)  3,000 
C)  7 million 
D)  5 trillion 
A)  100 
B)  3,000 
C)  7 million 
D)  5 trillion

Question 18

Light waves can vary in two different ways: __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sharp; soft 
B)  undulating; smooth 
C)  frequency; amplitude 
D)  light; dark 
A)  sharp; soft 
B)  undulating; smooth 
C)  frequency; amplitude 
D)  light; dark

Question 19

What colors represent the extremes for the brightness dimension in a color solid?

Accepted Answer

A)  gray and blue 
B)  white and black 
C)  yellow and green 
D)  red and blue 
A)  gray and blue 
B)  white and black 
C)  yellow and green 
D)  red and blue

Question 20

According to the empiricists, how is one sensation linked to another?

Accepted Answer

A)  through transduction 
B)  through sensitization 
C)  through association 
D)  through the distal stimuli 
A)  through transduction 
B)  through sensitization 
C)  through association 
D)  through the distal stimuli

According to specificity theory, why does NutraSweet taste similar to sugar?

What is the name of the phenomenon in which one sees the complementary hue and the opposite brightness of a previously presented stimulus?

Each glomerulus responds to input from of the receptor types, but each type of odorant may bind to of the receptor types.

According to Gustav Fechner, what units should be used to describe a jnd?

What is true of color blindness?

According to Weber's law, which of the following should be true?

How many different types of cones make up normal human color vision?

Sensory adaptation refers to __________.

What is true of the amplitude of a sound wave?

In the equation , what does the c represent?

Which of the following best describes the function of taste receptors?

What is true of the lens in the human eye?

The philosophical viewpoint called empiricism takes the position that __________.

We can localize a sound, or tell from where it is coming, because __________.

Approximately how many different shades of colors can a person with normal color vision typically distinguish between?

Light waves can vary in two different ways: and .

What colors represent the extremes for the brightness dimension in a color solid?

According to the empiricists, how is one sensation linked to another?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Exam 4: Sensation

According to specificity theory, why does NutraSweet taste similar to sugar?

What is the name of the phenomenon in which one sees the complementary hue and the opposite brightness of a previously presented stimulus?

Each glomerulus responds to input from __________ of the receptor types, but each type of odorant may bind to __________ of the receptor types.

According to Gustav Fechner, what units should be used to describe a jnd?

What is true of color blindness?

According to Weber's law, which of the following should be true?

How many different types of cones make up normal human color vision?

Sensory adaptation refers to __________.

What is true of the amplitude of a sound wave?

In the equation , what does the c represent?

Which of the following best describes the function of taste receptors?

What is true of the lens in the human eye?

The philosophical viewpoint called empiricism takes the position that __________.

We can localize a sound, or tell from where it is coming, because __________.

Approximately how many different shades of colors can a person with normal color vision typically distinguish between?

Light waves can vary in two different ways: __________ and __________.

What colors represent the extremes for the brightness dimension in a color solid?

According to the empiricists, how is one sensation linked to another?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Each glomerulus responds to input from of the receptor types, but each type of odorant may bind to of the receptor types.

Light waves can vary in two different ways: and .