Question 1

What do the unusual cases of brain organization or injury discussed in your text say with respect to the relationship between language and intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Language and intelligence are largely overlapping. 
B)  Language and intelligence are almost entirely distinct. 
C)  Language and intelligence are virtually impossible to tease apart. 
D)  Language and intelligence are at least somewhat distinct. 
A)  Language and intelligence are largely overlapping. 
B)  Language and intelligence are almost entirely distinct. 
C)  Language and intelligence are virtually impossible to tease apart. 
D)  Language and intelligence are at least somewhat distinct. D

Question 2

In terms of language, what are humans able to do that chimpanzees cannot?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans can engage in social communication; chimpanzees cannot. 
B)  Humans can make reference to events in the past or in the future; chimpanzees cannot. 
C)  Humans can communicate to solve problems; chimpanzees cannot. 
D)  Humans can acquire sophisticated manual signs; chimpanzees cannot. 
A)  Humans can engage in social communication; chimpanzees cannot. 
B)  Humans can make reference to events in the past or in the future; chimpanzees cannot. 
C)  Humans can communicate to solve problems; chimpanzees cannot. 
D)  Humans can acquire sophisticated manual signs; chimpanzees cannot. B

Question 3

Which specific aspects of language are the most defective in deaf people who were not exposed to ASL until early adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  their use of phonemes 
B)  their use of noun phrases 
C)  their use of verb phrases 
D)  their use of function words 
A)  their use of phonemes 
B)  their use of noun phrases 
C)  their use of verb phrases 
D)  their use of function words D

Question 4

Two-day-old babies listened to recordings of human speech. Half of the time the speech was normal, half of the time it was played backwards. How did the babies react?

Accepted Answer

A)  They reacted similarly to both sets of stimuli. 
B)  Blood flow in the babies' left hemisphere increased for the normal speech but not for the backwards speech. 
C)  Blood flow in the babies' left hemisphere increased for the normal speech, while blood flow in the babies' right hemisphere increased for the backwards speech. 
D)  Their brains reacted to both sets of stimuli only when they were played at an abnormally slowed rate. 
A)  They reacted similarly to both sets of stimuli. 
B)  Blood flow in the babies' left hemisphere increased for the normal speech but not for the backwards speech. 
C)  Blood flow in the babies' left hemisphere increased for the normal speech, while blood flow in the babies' right hemisphere increased for the backwards speech. 
D)  Their brains reacted to both sets of stimuli only when they were played at an abnormally slowed rate.

Question 5

Your text states that the study of children growing up in radically different environments helps us understand the biological roots of human language. Which of the following research strategies is most nearly analogous to that of investigating extreme environments to understand language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

A)  studying mental retardation and giftedness to understand intelligence 
B)  studying visual illusions to understand perception 
C)  studying typical undergraduates to understand memory processes 
D)  studying unusual experiences to understand altered states of consciousness 
A)  studying mental retardation and giftedness to understand intelligence 
B)  studying visual illusions to understand perception 
C)  studying typical undergraduates to understand memory processes 
D)  studying unusual experiences to understand altered states of consciousness

Question 6

The prototype theory of word meaning makes which of the following assertions?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is wrong to suppose that we can ever find a set of necessary and sufficient features for a given concept like bird. 
B)  Words have intrinsic meanings based on speech sounds. 
C)  We are born with categories of words that cluster into prototypes. 
D)  Word meaning derives from a set of necessary and sufficient features. 
A)  It is wrong to suppose that we can ever find a set of necessary and sufficient features for a given concept like bird. 
B)  Words have intrinsic meanings based on speech sounds. 
C)  We are born with categories of words that cluster into prototypes. 
D)  Word meaning derives from a set of necessary and sufficient features.

Question 7

How do adults and children compare with respect to the ease with which they learn a second language?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children learn a second language more efficiently than do adults. 
B)  Adults learn a second language more efficiently than do children. 
C)  Children are more efficient in the initial stages of learning a second language, but adults' competency in a second language surpasses that which children are able to attain. 
D)  Adults are more efficient in the initial stages of learning a second language, but children's competency in a second language surpasses that which adults are able to attain. 
A)  Children learn a second language more efficiently than do adults. 
B)  Adults learn a second language more efficiently than do children. 
C)  Children are more efficient in the initial stages of learning a second language, but adults' competency in a second language surpasses that which children are able to attain. 
D)  Adults are more efficient in the initial stages of learning a second language, but children's competency in a second language surpasses that which adults are able to attain.

Question 8

Your text reports a study examining deaf users of ASL who had acquired ASL at different points during their childhood and adolescence. What were the results?

Accepted Answer

A)  The age of ASL acquisition appeared to have little or no effect. 
B)  Those who acquired ASL at any point after birth displayed great deficits in their use of ASL. 
C)  Those who acquired ASL during adolescence and adulthood displayed great deficits in their use of ASL. 
D)  Those who acquired ASL at any point after birth displayed minor deficits in their use of ASL. 
A)  The age of ASL acquisition appeared to have little or no effect. 
B)  Those who acquired ASL at any point after birth displayed great deficits in their use of ASL. 
C)  Those who acquired ASL during adolescence and adulthood displayed great deficits in their use of ASL. 
D)  Those who acquired ASL at any point after birth displayed minor deficits in their use of ASL.

Question 9

What would be the likely result if language were acquired strictly by imitation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children would not become proficient in a second language. 
B)  Adults would learn no more than 100-200 words. 
C)  Adults would speak languages no better than children. 
D)  Children would not generate novel sentences. 
A)  Children would not become proficient in a second language. 
B)  Adults would learn no more than 100-200 words. 
C)  Adults would speak languages no better than children. 
D)  Children would not generate novel sentences.

Question 10

Four-day-old French infants were habituated to the sound of French speech (their pacifier sucking rates decreased). When the speech was switched from French to English, how did the babies respond?

Accepted Answer

A)  They showed no ability to discriminate between the two sets of sound. 
B)  They dishabituated only when the English was spoken by their mothers. 
C)  They dishabituated-their pacifier sucking rate increased. 
D)  They dishabituated only when the English was spoken by a voice that was familiar to them. 
A)  They showed no ability to discriminate between the two sets of sound. 
B)  They dishabituated only when the English was spoken by their mothers. 
C)  They dishabituated-their pacifier sucking rate increased. 
D)  They dishabituated only when the English was spoken by a voice that was familiar to them.

Question 11

Your text describes a study in which Korean, Japanese, and English speakers viewed two pictures. The first picture showed various objects. In the second picture, spatial relationships among the objects were either preserved or changed. The researcher recorded whether or not participants noticed the change. Which of the following alternatives correctly identifies the (i) independent and (ii) dependent variables in this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  the participant's language; whether the spatial relationships among the objects were preserved or changed 
B)  whether participants noticed the change; the participant's language 
C)  whether participants noticed the change; whether the spatial relationships among the objects were preserved or changed 
D)  whether the spatial relationships among the objects were preserved or changed; whether participants noticed the change 
A)  the participant's language; whether the spatial relationships among the objects were preserved or changed 
B)  whether participants noticed the change; the participant's language 
C)  whether participants noticed the change; whether the spatial relationships among the objects were preserved or changed 
D)  whether the spatial relationships among the objects were preserved or changed; whether participants noticed the change

Question 12

Etienne is 4 years old. He hears French and English about equally often. How should his language development compare to that of 4-year-old children growing up in monolingual French and English homes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Etienne's language development should be similar to that of either 2-year-old monolingual English or 2-year-old monolingual French children. 
B)  Etienne's language development should be comparable to that of either 4-year-old monolingual English or 4-year-old monolingual French children. 
C)  Etienne's language development should exceed that of either 4-year-old monolingual English or 4-year-old monolingual French children. 
D)  Etienne's language development should be similar to that of a 4-year-old monolingual child in one of the languages and a 2-year-old monolingual child in the other. 
A)  Etienne's language development should be similar to that of either 2-year-old monolingual English or 2-year-old monolingual French children. 
B)  Etienne's language development should be comparable to that of either 4-year-old monolingual English or 4-year-old monolingual French children. 
C)  Etienne's language development should exceed that of either 4-year-old monolingual English or 4-year-old monolingual French children. 
D)  Etienne's language development should be similar to that of a 4-year-old monolingual child in one of the languages and a 2-year-old monolingual child in the other.

Question 13

In order for a young, male white-crowned sparrow to sing its species-specific song, it must hear an adult's song sometime between its 7th and 60th day of life. If it does not hear the adult's song during this crucial period, the young sparrow will never learn the song. What would one call the period of time between the seventh and sixtieth day?

Accepted Answer

A)  the fledgling stage 
B)  prepuberty 
C)  the sensitive period 
D)  early social learning stage 
A)  the fledgling stage 
B)  prepuberty 
C)  the sensitive period 
D)  early social learning stage

Question 14

Which of the parts of speech is paired INCORRECTLY with a class of meaning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adverbs-states 
B)  Nouns-things 
C)  Adjectives-properties 
D)  Verbs-acts 
A)  Adverbs-states 
B)  Nouns-things 
C)  Adjectives-properties 
D)  Verbs-acts

Question 15

What do the results of studies of deaf children who were not taught ASL say with respect to the nature vs. nurture issue?

Accepted Answer

A)  They underscore the importance of nature in language acquisition. 
B)  They underscore the importance of nurture in language acquisition. 
C)  They suggest that language acquisition reflects a complex interaction between nature and nurture. 
D)  They say little with respect to the contribution of either "nature" or "nurture" to language acquisition. 
A)  They underscore the importance of nature in language acquisition. 
B)  They underscore the importance of nurture in language acquisition. 
C)  They suggest that language acquisition reflects a complex interaction between nature and nurture. 
D)  They say little with respect to the contribution of either "nature" or "nurture" to language acquisition.

Question 16

The function of an object is central to __________ theories of word meaning.

Accepted Answer

A)  folk 
B)  propositional 
C)  definition 
D)  prototype 
A)  folk 
B)  propositional 
C)  definition 
D)  prototype

Question 17

The morpheme man in the word mankind is best described as a __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  content morpheme 
B)  function morpheme 
C)  pseudo morpheme 
D)  transitional morpheme 
A)  content morpheme 
B)  function morpheme 
C)  pseudo morpheme 
D)  transitional morpheme

Question 18

Assume that a sensitive period exists for learning to write and that this sensitive period is from age 2 to 15. If someone has not learned to write by the time he reaches 20, what would you predict?

Accepted Answer

A)  He will have great difficulty ever learning to write. 
B)  He will have great difficulty learning to write but will eventually master the task. 
C)  He may easily learn the related skill of reading, but he will never learn to write. 
D)  His ability to learn to write will be directly affected by the skill level of his teacher. 
A)  He will have great difficulty ever learning to write. 
B)  He will have great difficulty learning to write but will eventually master the task. 
C)  He may easily learn the related skill of reading, but he will never learn to write. 
D)  His ability to learn to write will be directly affected by the skill level of his teacher.

Question 19

When two-day-old babies are exposed to recordings of normal human speech, they experience a(n) __________ in blood flow in the __________ hemisphere.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase; left 
B)  decrease; left 
C)  increase; right 
D)  decrease; right 
A)  increase; left 
B)  decrease; left 
C)  increase; right 
D)  decrease; right

Question 20

Psycholinguists study comprehension of garden path sentences by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  giving the participants a priming test 
B)  testing the participants' recall memory for different types of sentences 
C)  tracking the participants' eye movements 
D)  giving the participants a visual recognition test 
A)  giving the participants a priming test 
B)  testing the participants' recall memory for different types of sentences 
C)  tracking the participants' eye movements 
D)  giving the participants a visual recognition test

What do the unusual cases of brain organization or injury discussed in your text say with respect to the relationship between language and intelligence?

In terms of language, what are humans able to do that chimpanzees cannot?

Which specific aspects of language are the most defective in deaf people who were not exposed to ASL until early adolescence?

Two-day-old babies listened to recordings of human speech. Half of the time the speech was normal, half of the time it was played backwards. How did the babies react?

Your text states that the study of children growing up in radically different environments helps us understand the biological roots of human language. Which of the following research strategies is most nearly analogous to that of investigating extreme environments to understand language acquisition?

The prototype theory of word meaning makes which of the following assertions?

How do adults and children compare with respect to the ease with which they learn a second language?

Your text reports a study examining deaf users of ASL who had acquired ASL at different points during their childhood and adolescence. What were the results?

What would be the likely result if language were acquired strictly by imitation?

Four-day-old French infants were habituated to the sound of French speech (their pacifier sucking rates decreased). When the speech was switched from French to English, how did the babies respond?

Etienne is 4 years old. He hears French and English about equally often. How should his language development compare to that of 4-year-old children growing up in monolingual French and English homes?

Which of the parts of speech is paired INCORRECTLY with a class of meaning?

What do the results of studies of deaf children who were not taught ASL say with respect to the nature vs. nurture issue?

The function of an object is central to __________ theories of word meaning.

The morpheme man in the word mankind is best described as a __________.

Assume that a sensitive period exists for learning to write and that this sensitive period is from age 2 to 15. If someone has not learned to write by the time he reaches 20, what would you predict?

When two-day-old babies are exposed to recordings of normal human speech, they experience a(n) in blood flow in the hemisphere.

Psycholinguists study comprehension of garden path sentences by __________.

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Exam 10: Language

What do the unusual cases of brain organization or injury discussed in your text say with respect to the relationship between language and intelligence?

In terms of language, what are humans able to do that chimpanzees cannot?

Which specific aspects of language are the most defective in deaf people who were not exposed to ASL until early adolescence?

Two-day-old babies listened to recordings of human speech. Half of the time the speech was normal, half of the time it was played backwards. How did the babies react?

The prototype theory of word meaning makes which of the following assertions?

How do adults and children compare with respect to the ease with which they learn a second language?

Your text reports a study examining deaf users of ASL who had acquired ASL at different points during their childhood and adolescence. What were the results?

What would be the likely result if language were acquired strictly by imitation?

Four-day-old French infants were habituated to the sound of French speech (their pacifier sucking rates decreased). When the speech was switched from French to English, how did the babies respond?

Etienne is 4 years old. He hears French and English about equally often. How should his language development compare to that of 4-year-old children growing up in monolingual French and English homes?

Which of the parts of speech is paired INCORRECTLY with a class of meaning?

What do the results of studies of deaf children who were not taught ASL say with respect to the nature vs. nurture issue?

The function of an object is central to __________ theories of word meaning.

The morpheme man in the word mankind is best described as a __________.

Assume that a sensitive period exists for learning to write and that this sensitive period is from age 2 to 15. If someone has not learned to write by the time he reaches 20, what would you predict?

When two-day-old babies are exposed to recordings of normal human speech, they experience a(n) __________ in blood flow in the __________ hemisphere.

Psycholinguists study comprehension of garden path sentences by __________.

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

When two-day-old babies are exposed to recordings of normal human speech, they experience a(n) in blood flow in the hemisphere.