Question 1

Which of the following might help one correctly interpret a garden path sentence?

Accepted Answer

A)  avoiding the use of passive participles 
B)  using common sense when interpreting the sentence 
C)  using a phrase structure system of interpretation 
D)  ignoring the function morphemes in the to-be-interpreted sentence 
A)  avoiding the use of passive participles 
B)  using common sense when interpreting the sentence 
C)  using a phrase structure system of interpretation 
D)  ignoring the function morphemes in the to-be-interpreted sentence

Question 2

Four-year-old Jimmy tells you he "runned fast but falled down." Jimmy is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  exhibiting overregularization errors 
B)  omitting functional morphemes 
C)  communicating with a garden path sentence 
D)  demonstrating overgeneralization 
A)  exhibiting overregularization errors 
B)  omitting functional morphemes 
C)  communicating with a garden path sentence 
D)  demonstrating overgeneralization

Question 3

There is little or no satisfactory evidence to show that chimpanzees can __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  show propositional thought 
B)  be taught to communicate 
C)  acquire syntax 
D)  learn sign language 
A)  show propositional thought 
B)  be taught to communicate 
C)  acquire syntax 
D)  learn sign language

Question 4

According to a definitional theory of word meaning, what summarizes the full meaning of each word?

Accepted Answer

A)  a set of features essential for membership in the class named by the word 
B)  how it relates to words in the same "family" 
C)  the verb with which it happens to be paired 
D)  transitional morphemes that combine to make content morphemes 
A)  a set of features essential for membership in the class named by the word 
B)  how it relates to words in the same "family" 
C)  the verb with which it happens to be paired 
D)  transitional morphemes that combine to make content morphemes

Question 5

How can one avoid falling into the trap of misinterpreting a garden path sentence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ignore the content morphemes in the to-be-interpreted sentence. 
B)  Pay attention to the extralinguistic factors in the environment. 
C)  Decrease the use of passive sentences in conversations. 
D)  Define the phrase structure system of the to-be-interpreted sentence. 
A)  Ignore the content morphemes in the to-be-interpreted sentence. 
B)  Pay attention to the extralinguistic factors in the environment. 
C)  Decrease the use of passive sentences in conversations. 
D)  Define the phrase structure system of the to-be-interpreted sentence.

Question 6

What name is given to sound categories in language, such as the sounds "f" and "t"?

Accepted Answer

A)  complex structural units 
B)  function morphemes 
C)  content morphemes 
D)  phonemes 
A)  complex structural units 
B)  function morphemes 
C)  content morphemes 
D)  phonemes

Question 7

Keisha is conducting a study for her senior thesis in psychology. She is examining children's and adults' comprehension of garden path sentences. What might she predict, given your text's discussion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children should find garden path sentences much more difficult than should adults. 
B)  Children should find garden path sentences slightly more difficult than should adults. 
C)  Children should find garden path sentences just as difficult as adults should. 
D)  Children should find garden path sentences less difficult than should adults. 
A)  Children should find garden path sentences much more difficult than should adults. 
B)  Children should find garden path sentences slightly more difficult than should adults. 
C)  Children should find garden path sentences just as difficult as adults should. 
D)  Children should find garden path sentences less difficult than should adults.

Question 8

Rowena, Shanelle, and Tristan each has an IQ of 95. Whose intelligence is MOST likely to be underestimated by the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rowena, an aphasic 
B)  Shanelle, who suffers from specific language impairment 
C)  Tristan, who has Williams syndrome 
D)  The Raven's Progressive Matrices Test should accurately estimate the intelligence of each of these individuals. 
A)  Rowena, an aphasic 
B)  Shanelle, who suffers from specific language impairment 
C)  Tristan, who has Williams syndrome 
D)  The Raven's Progressive Matrices Test should accurately estimate the intelligence of each of these individuals.

Question 9

Your text describes a study in which researchers played recordings of normal or backward speech to two-day-old babies. The researchers then measured blood flow in the babies' brains. Which of the following alternatives correctly names and labels the variables in this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental variable-normal or backward speech ; control variable-blood flow 
B)  experimental variable-blood flow ; control variable-normal or backward speech 
C)  independent variable-normal or backward speech; dependent variable-blood flow 
D)  independent variable-blood flow; dependent variable-normal or backward speech 
A)  experimental variable-normal or backward speech ; control variable-blood flow 
B)  experimental variable-blood flow ; control variable-normal or backward speech 
C)  independent variable-normal or backward speech; dependent variable-blood flow 
D)  independent variable-blood flow; dependent variable-normal or backward speech

Question 10

Imagine that in a particular language, the suffix -ia identifies the actor in the drama described by a sentence. This suffix is a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic indicator 
B)  propositional indicator 
C)  case marker 
D)  morphemic marker 
A)  semantic indicator 
B)  propositional indicator 
C)  case marker 
D)  morphemic marker

Question 11

Which of the following is most likely true of complex sentences?

Accepted Answer

A)  They use different rules of syntax than do simple sentences. 
B)  They contain only one proposition. 
C)  They still follow the formula of who-did-what-to-whom. 
D)  They contain function morphemes. 
A)  They use different rules of syntax than do simple sentences. 
B)  They contain only one proposition. 
C)  They still follow the formula of who-did-what-to-whom. 
D)  They contain function morphemes.

Question 12

Reena is 2 months old. Sam is 6 months old. Trish is 14 months old. Which of the following alternatives is most likely TRUE regarding these infants' ability to distinguish between phonemes that are not specific to their own language?

Accepted Answer

A)  All these infants can distinguish between phonemes that are not specific to their own language. 
B)  None of these infants can distinguish between phonemes that are not specific to their own language. 
C)  Only Reena can distinguish between phonemes that are not specific to her own language. 
D)  Only Reena and Sam can distinguish between phonemes that are not specific to their own language. 
A)  All these infants can distinguish between phonemes that are not specific to their own language. 
B)  None of these infants can distinguish between phonemes that are not specific to their own language. 
C)  Only Reena can distinguish between phonemes that are not specific to her own language. 
D)  Only Reena and Sam can distinguish between phonemes that are not specific to their own language.

Question 13

How does human language differ from language in chimpanzees?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only humans can communicate with others. 
B)  The ability to solve problems is unique to humans. 
C)  Animals are unable to emit communicatory sounds, while humans can. 
D)  Humans have rules for arranging sounds into meaningful combinations, while chimpanzees do not. 
A)  Only humans can communicate with others. 
B)  The ability to solve problems is unique to humans. 
C)  Animals are unable to emit communicatory sounds, while humans can. 
D)  Humans have rules for arranging sounds into meaningful combinations, while chimpanzees do not.

Question 14

The Whorfian hypothesis reflects a __________ position with respect to the nature vs. nurture issue. Contemporary research tends to supports a __________ position.

Accepted Answer

A)  nature; nurture 
B)  nature; nature 
C)  nurture; nature 
D)  nurture; nurture 
A)  nature; nurture 
B)  nature; nature 
C)  nurture; nature 
D)  nurture; nurture

Question 15

Examine the sentence "The strangers left." What is the s at the end of the word strangers?

Accepted Answer

A)  a function phoneme 
B)  a function morpheme 
C)  a content phoneme 
D)  a content morpheme 
A)  a function phoneme 
B)  a function morpheme 
C)  a content phoneme 
D)  a content morpheme

Question 16

Which is true of American Sign Language (ASL)?

Accepted Answer

A)  ASL is a system of easy-to-comprehend gestures, somewhat similar to the gestures hearing persons use when they play charades. 
B)  ASL lacks the functional morphemes and grammatical principles that characterize spoken communication. 
C)  ASL includes morphemes, ways of building up complex words out of simple ones, and grammatical rules for combining words into sentences. 
D)  ASL is a manual version of translated English, based on finger spelling and supplemented with charade-like gestures. 
A)  ASL is a system of easy-to-comprehend gestures, somewhat similar to the gestures hearing persons use when they play charades. 
B)  ASL lacks the functional morphemes and grammatical principles that characterize spoken communication. 
C)  ASL includes morphemes, ways of building up complex words out of simple ones, and grammatical rules for combining words into sentences. 
D)  ASL is a manual version of translated English, based on finger spelling and supplemented with charade-like gestures.

Question 17

Chimpanzees are capable of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  some propositional thought 
B)  a fair amount of human phonology 
C)  the ability to learn complex syntactical rules 
D)  the ability to refer to things in the past tense 
A)  some propositional thought 
B)  a fair amount of human phonology 
C)  the ability to learn complex syntactical rules 
D)  the ability to refer to things in the past tense

Question 18

English speakers seem to grasp intuitively that certain phoneme sequences never occur at the beginning of a word. To illustrate, which of the following is LEAST likely to be the name for a new breakfast food?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tlitos 
B)  Pritos 
C)  Glitos 
D)  Flitos 
A)  Tlitos 
B)  Pritos 
C)  Glitos 
D)  Flitos

Question 19

A person who simply answers, "Yes!" when you ask, "Could you pass me the salt?" has failed to obey the principle of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  grammatical structure 
B)  language structure 
C)  verbal description 
D)  conversational inference 
A)  grammatical structure 
B)  language structure 
C)  verbal description 
D)  conversational inference

Question 20

In the hierarchical structure of language, a morpheme is an organized grouping of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  words 
B)  phrases 
C)  sentences 
D)  phonemes 
A)  words 
B)  phrases 
C)  sentences 
D)  phonemes

Which of the following might help one correctly interpret a garden path sentence?

Four-year-old Jimmy tells you he "runned fast but falled down." Jimmy is __________.

There is little or no satisfactory evidence to show that chimpanzees can __________.

According to a definitional theory of word meaning, what summarizes the full meaning of each word?

How can one avoid falling into the trap of misinterpreting a garden path sentence?

What name is given to sound categories in language, such as the sounds "f" and "t"?

Keisha is conducting a study for her senior thesis in psychology. She is examining children's and adults' comprehension of garden path sentences. What might she predict, given your text's discussion?

Rowena, Shanelle, and Tristan each has an IQ of 95. Whose intelligence is MOST likely to be underestimated by the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test?

Your text describes a study in which researchers played recordings of normal or backward speech to two-day-old babies. The researchers then measured blood flow in the babies' brains. Which of the following alternatives correctly names and labels the variables in this study?

Imagine that in a particular language, the suffix -ia identifies the actor in the drama described by a sentence. This suffix is a(n) __________.

Which of the following is most likely true of complex sentences?

Reena is 2 months old. Sam is 6 months old. Trish is 14 months old. Which of the following alternatives is most likely TRUE regarding these infants' ability to distinguish between phonemes that are not specific to their own language?

How does human language differ from language in chimpanzees?

The Whorfian hypothesis reflects a position with respect to the nature vs. nurture issue. Contemporary research tends to supports a position.

Examine the sentence "The strangers left." What is the s at the end of the word strangers?

Which is true of American Sign Language (ASL)?

Chimpanzees are capable of __________.

English speakers seem to grasp intuitively that certain phoneme sequences never occur at the beginning of a word. To illustrate, which of the following is LEAST likely to be the name for a new breakfast food?

A person who simply answers, "Yes!" when you ask, "Could you pass me the salt?" has failed to obey the principle of __________.

In the hierarchical structure of language, a morpheme is an organized grouping of __________.

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Exam 10: Language

Which of the following might help one correctly interpret a garden path sentence?

Four-year-old Jimmy tells you he "runned fast but falled down." Jimmy is __________.

There is little or no satisfactory evidence to show that chimpanzees can __________.

According to a definitional theory of word meaning, what summarizes the full meaning of each word?

How can one avoid falling into the trap of misinterpreting a garden path sentence?

What name is given to sound categories in language, such as the sounds "f" and "t"?

Keisha is conducting a study for her senior thesis in psychology. She is examining children's and adults' comprehension of garden path sentences. What might she predict, given your text's discussion?

Rowena, Shanelle, and Tristan each has an IQ of 95. Whose intelligence is MOST likely to be underestimated by the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test?

Your text describes a study in which researchers played recordings of normal or backward speech to two-day-old babies. The researchers then measured blood flow in the babies' brains. Which of the following alternatives correctly names and labels the variables in this study?

Imagine that in a particular language, the suffix -ia identifies the actor in the drama described by a sentence. This suffix is a(n) __________.

Which of the following is most likely true of complex sentences?

Reena is 2 months old. Sam is 6 months old. Trish is 14 months old. Which of the following alternatives is most likely TRUE regarding these infants' ability to distinguish between phonemes that are not specific to their own language?

How does human language differ from language in chimpanzees?

The Whorfian hypothesis reflects a __________ position with respect to the nature vs. nurture issue. Contemporary research tends to supports a __________ position.

Examine the sentence "The strangers left." What is the s at the end of the word strangers?

Which is true of American Sign Language (ASL)?

Chimpanzees are capable of __________.

English speakers seem to grasp intuitively that certain phoneme sequences never occur at the beginning of a word. To illustrate, which of the following is LEAST likely to be the name for a new breakfast food?

A person who simply answers, "Yes!" when you ask, "Could you pass me the salt?" has failed to obey the principle of __________.

In the hierarchical structure of language, a morpheme is an organized grouping of __________.

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

The Whorfian hypothesis reflects a position with respect to the nature vs. nurture issue. Contemporary research tends to supports a position.