Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a random sampling procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)  accepting the first set of 20 participants who volunteered to participate in the study 
B)  selecting participants such that every participant has an equal chance of being picked to participate in the study 
C)  selecting participants using the odd/even selection criteria, so that every other volunteer is selected for the study 
D)  accepting individuals based on preselected criteria for participation in the study 
A)  accepting the first set of 20 participants who volunteered to participate in the study 
B)  selecting participants such that every participant has an equal chance of being picked to participate in the study 
C)  selecting participants using the odd/even selection criteria, so that every other volunteer is selected for the study 
D)  accepting individuals based on preselected criteria for participation in the study B

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of an operational definition?

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of alcohol intake by a given individual each day 
B)  what a psychologist believes is the reason an individual drinks alcohol 
C)  asking individuals to determine whether there might be major changes in their lives in the near future 
D)  all of the above 
A)  the amount of alcohol intake by a given individual each day 
B)  what a psychologist believes is the reason an individual drinks alcohol 
C)  asking individuals to determine whether there might be major changes in their lives in the near future 
D)  all of the above A

Question 3

What is meant by the phrase "informed consent"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants must be given as much information as possible about the experimental task prior to the onset of the experiment. 
B)  Participants must be apprised of any risk prior to the onset of the experiment. 
C)  The participants must be informed that they can leave or quit the experiment at any time. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  Participants must be given as much information as possible about the experimental task prior to the onset of the experiment. 
B)  Participants must be apprised of any risk prior to the onset of the experiment. 
C)  The participants must be informed that they can leave or quit the experiment at any time. 
D)  All of the above. D

Question 4

Shariff is concerned that the informed consent he is required to give may interfere with the validity of his experiment. He decides to __________ the informed consent because he knows that research ethics __________ than experimental validity.

Accepted Answer

A)  forego; less important 
B)  forego; more important 
C)  continue to provide; less important 
D)  continue to provide; more important 
A)  forego; less important 
B)  forego; more important 
C)  continue to provide; less important 
D)  continue to provide; more important

Question 5

A mean or average is a measure of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the central tendency of the data 
B)  the most frequently occurring data point value 
C)  the middle value within all of the data point values 
D)  all of the above 
A)  the central tendency of the data 
B)  the most frequently occurring data point value 
C)  the middle value within all of the data point values 
D)  all of the above

Question 6

Frequency distributions __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are often displayed as a table that lists how many scores are in each of several designated categories 
B)  help researchers determine patterns in the data 
C)  provide a summary the data 
D)  all of the above 
A)  are often displayed as a table that lists how many scores are in each of several designated categories 
B)  help researchers determine patterns in the data 
C)  provide a summary the data 
D)  all of the above

Question 7

If a study's participants are representative of the population as a whole and its stimuli are representative of stimuli encountered in the real world, then the study is said to have __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal consistency 
B)  internal validity 
C)  external validity 
D)  external consistency 
A)  internal consistency 
B)  internal validity 
C)  external validity 
D)  external consistency

Question 8

A typical psychological study proceeds from __________ to __________ to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  informed consent; debriefing; data collection 
B)  informed consent; data collection; debriefing 
C)  debriefing; data collection; informed consent 
D)  data collection; informed consent; debriefing 
A)  informed consent; debriefing; data collection 
B)  informed consent; data collection; debriefing 
C)  debriefing; data collection; informed consent 
D)  data collection; informed consent; debriefing

Question 9

Demand characteristics are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  orders given to participants 
B)  cues given by the experimenter or stimulus materials 
C)  the relevant qualities of participants' personalities 
D)  expectations of a particular type of behavior in a laboratory setting 
A)  orders given to participants 
B)  cues given by the experimenter or stimulus materials 
C)  the relevant qualities of participants' personalities 
D)  expectations of a particular type of behavior in a laboratory setting

Question 10

Researchers typically use random assignment in an attempt to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  allow everyone who wants to participate a chance to participate in the study 
B)  deliberately seek out unusual or extreme cases 
C)  deliberately avoid unusual or extreme cases 
D)  provide the same likelihood of being selected to every member of the potential sample 
A)  allow everyone who wants to participate a chance to participate in the study 
B)  deliberately seek out unusual or extreme cases 
C)  deliberately avoid unusual or extreme cases 
D)  provide the same likelihood of being selected to every member of the potential sample

Question 11

What is an operational definition?

Accepted Answer

A)  a definition of a behavior that translates the variable we want to assess into a specific procedure or measurement 
B)  a definition of an operation that translates the variable into an independent variable rather than a dependent variable 
C)  a claim about the origin of a behavior 
D)  both a and c 
A)  a definition of a behavior that translates the variable we want to assess into a specific procedure or measurement 
B)  a definition of an operation that translates the variable into an independent variable rather than a dependent variable 
C)  a claim about the origin of a behavior 
D)  both a and c

Question 12

Let's say you are conducting research to test the idea that regular flossing reduces the incidence of gum disease. In this hypothetical design, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  gum disease 
B)  flossing frequency 
C)  the severity of the gum disease 
D)  both a and b are independent variables 
A)  gum disease 
B)  flossing frequency 
C)  the severity of the gum disease 
D)  both a and b are independent variables

Question 13

Sam concludes that his theory is proven. What can we conclude about Sam?

Accepted Answer

A)  He has completed lots of research, or he couldn't have proven this theory. 
B)  He is open minded but now has sufficient data to make a conclusion. 
C)  He is likely not a scientist, as a scientist confirms or disconfirms, not proves. 
D)  He is most likely a scientist, as only scientists have the expertise to prove theories. 
A)  He has completed lots of research, or he couldn't have proven this theory. 
B)  He is open minded but now has sufficient data to make a conclusion. 
C)  He is likely not a scientist, as a scientist confirms or disconfirms, not proves. 
D)  He is most likely a scientist, as only scientists have the expertise to prove theories.

Question 14

In a negative correlation, as one variable increases, the value of the other variable __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases 
B)  increases 
C)  stays the same 
D)  randomly varies 
A)  decreases 
B)  increases 
C)  stays the same 
D)  randomly varies

Question 15

When friends tell you, with certainty, that a particular treatment helped them quit smoking, that in itself does NOT mean the treatment is effective. After all, friends are more likely to tell you about successful treatments than about unsuccessful treatments. This problem is called a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  report bias 
B)  dependent variable 
C)  confound 
D)  independent variable 
A)  report bias 
B)  dependent variable 
C)  confound 
D)  independent variable

Question 16

There seems to be a correlation between schizophrenia and poverty. It may be the case that neither causes the other. Perhaps a separate factor, such as parental income, accounts best for both schizophrenia and poverty. This illustrates a problem in assessing causality that is specific to correlational research and is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the third-variable problem 
B)  eclecticism 
C)  random sampling 
D)  response bias 
A)  the third-variable problem 
B)  eclecticism 
C)  random sampling 
D)  response bias

Question 17

A successful replication of a study is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a repetition of a study that yields the same results 
B)  necessary to show that the results of the first study were not merely a fluke 
C)  an important step in science 
D)  all of the above 
A)  a repetition of a study that yields the same results 
B)  necessary to show that the results of the first study were not merely a fluke 
C)  an important step in science 
D)  all of the above

Question 18

An empirical claim involves __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  introspection 
B)  quasi-experimental methods 
C)  proof that something is true 
D)  claims about facts 
A)  introspection 
B)  quasi-experimental methods 
C)  proof that something is true 
D)  claims about facts

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a way to assess the validity of a measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  variability of the data 
B)  effect size 
C)  number of observations 
D)  size of the correlation 
A)  variability of the data 
B)  effect size 
C)  number of observations 
D)  size of the correlation

Question 20

In a double-blind design, __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  neither the investigators nor the study's participants know who is in the control group and who is in the experimental group 
B)  there is no control or experimental group 
C)  placebo effects are increased 
D)  confounds are increased 
A)  neither the investigators nor the study's participants know who is in the control group and who is in the experimental group 
B)  there is no control or experimental group 
C)  placebo effects are increased 
D)  confounds are increased

Which of the following is an example of a random sampling procedure?

Which of the following is an example of an operational definition?

What is meant by the phrase "informed consent"?

Shariff is concerned that the informed consent he is required to give may interfere with the validity of his experiment. He decides to the informed consent because he knows that research ethics than experimental validity.

A mean or average is a measure of __________.

Frequency distributions __________.

If a study's participants are representative of the population as a whole and its stimuli are representative of stimuli encountered in the real world, then the study is said to have __________.

A typical psychological study proceeds from to to __.

Demand characteristics are __________.

Researchers typically use random assignment in an attempt to __________.

What is an operational definition?

Let's say you are conducting research to test the idea that regular flossing reduces the incidence of gum disease. In this hypothetical design, what is the independent variable?

Sam concludes that his theory is proven. What can we conclude about Sam?

In a negative correlation, as one variable increases, the value of the other variable __________.

When friends tell you, with certainty, that a particular treatment helped them quit smoking, that in itself does NOT mean the treatment is effective. After all, friends are more likely to tell you about successful treatments than about unsuccessful treatments. This problem is called a(n) __________.

A successful replication of a study is __________.

An empirical claim involves __________.

Which of the following is NOT a way to assess the validity of a measure?

In a double-blind design, __________.

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Exam 1: Research Methods

Which of the following is an example of a random sampling procedure?

Which of the following is an example of an operational definition?

What is meant by the phrase "informed consent"?

Shariff is concerned that the informed consent he is required to give may interfere with the validity of his experiment. He decides to __________ the informed consent because he knows that research ethics __________ than experimental validity.

A mean or average is a measure of __________.

Frequency distributions __________.

If a study's participants are representative of the population as a whole and its stimuli are representative of stimuli encountered in the real world, then the study is said to have __________.

A typical psychological study proceeds from __________ to __________ to __________.

Demand characteristics are __________.

Researchers typically use random assignment in an attempt to __________.

What is an operational definition?

Let's say you are conducting research to test the idea that regular flossing reduces the incidence of gum disease. In this hypothetical design, what is the independent variable?

Sam concludes that his theory is proven. What can we conclude about Sam?

In a negative correlation, as one variable increases, the value of the other variable __________.

A successful replication of a study is __________.

An empirical claim involves __________.

Which of the following is NOT a way to assess the validity of a measure?

In a double-blind design, __________.

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Shariff is concerned that the informed consent he is required to give may interfere with the validity of his experiment. He decides to the informed consent because he knows that research ethics than experimental validity.

A typical psychological study proceeds from to to __.