Question 1

The control group __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  provides a basis for comparison, allowing the experimenter to assess the effects of the experimental manipulation 
B)  must be matched to the experimental group in all respects except for the experimental manipulation 
C)  provides a means of reducing demand characteristics 
D)  both a and b are correct 
A)  provides a basis for comparison, allowing the experimenter to assess the effects of the experimental manipulation 
B)  must be matched to the experimental group in all respects except for the experimental manipulation 
C)  provides a means of reducing demand characteristics 
D)  both a and b are correct

Question 2

Which of the following is likely to be a quasi-experimental study?

Accepted Answer

A)  investigating the effects of drug A in rats 
B)  determining whether pre-exposure to a word set improves retention 
C)  investigating gender differences in toy play in preschoolers 
D)  examining whether magnitude of reward increases response rates 
A)  investigating the effects of drug A in rats 
B)  determining whether pre-exposure to a word set improves retention 
C)  investigating gender differences in toy play in preschoolers 
D)  examining whether magnitude of reward increases response rates

Question 3

Which of the following include the two major forms of data collection for psychologists?

Accepted Answer

A)  observational studies and introspection 
B)  introspection and experimental studies 
C)  observational studies and experimental studies 
D)  reliable and unbiased data collection 
A)  observational studies and introspection 
B)  introspection and experimental studies 
C)  observational studies and experimental studies 
D)  reliable and unbiased data collection

Question 4

In a scientific experiment, the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter to determine its effect is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent variable 
B)  independent variable 
C)  experimental group 
D)  sample 
A)  dependent variable 
B)  independent variable 
C)  experimental group 
D)  sample

Question 5

In a scientific experiment, the variable that is measured by the experimenter to determine whether it has changed is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent variable 
B)  independent variable 
C)  experimental group 
D)  sample 
A)  dependent variable 
B)  independent variable 
C)  experimental group 
D)  sample

Question 6

Which of the following is not a technique that allows pooling of information to support an hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  literature review 
B)  meta-analysis 
C)  replication 
D)  observation 
A)  literature review 
B)  meta-analysis 
C)  replication 
D)  observation

Question 7

The best way to avoid demand characteristics is to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  tell participants which group (experimental or control) they are in when they arrive in the lab 
B)  make sure that only the experimenter knows which group participants are in 
C)  make sure that neither the experimenter nor the participant knows which group each participant is in 
D)  put all participants in the control group rather than the experimental group so that they are all treated the same 
A)  tell participants which group (experimental or control) they are in when they arrive in the lab 
B)  make sure that only the experimenter knows which group participants are in 
C)  make sure that neither the experimenter nor the participant knows which group each participant is in 
D)  put all participants in the control group rather than the experimental group so that they are all treated the same

Question 8

A researcher conducts a study of the effects of drinking or not drinking energy drinks on calculus test scores in a group of college students. In this study, the group that drinks energy drinks is the __________ group.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  control 
D)  experimental 
A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  control 
D)  experimental

Question 9

Matt is a well-experienced researcher investigating the effects of college drinking patterns on later life success. Because Matt is aware of the meta-analysis study conducted by Filmore and described in your book, he realizes he may be unable to avoid a fatal flaw of many alcohol studies; that is, he may be unable to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  account for age differences across subjects 
B)  use nonrandom assignment when placing subjects into groups 
C)  use random assignment of subjects into groups 
D)  control the kind of alcohol consumed by subjects 
A)  account for age differences across subjects 
B)  use nonrandom assignment when placing subjects into groups 
C)  use random assignment of subjects into groups 
D)  control the kind of alcohol consumed by subjects

Question 10

A control group should be __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  as different from the experimental group as possible so that an effect can be found 
B)  matched with the experimental group with respect to the independent variable 
C)  matched with the experimental group in every way except the independent variable 
D)  matched with the experimental group in every way except the dependent variable 
A)  as different from the experimental group as possible so that an effect can be found 
B)  matched with the experimental group with respect to the independent variable 
C)  matched with the experimental group in every way except the independent variable 
D)  matched with the experimental group in every way except the dependent variable

Question 11

A strategy that deliberately seeks out unusual or extreme cases is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the sampling technique 
B)  random assignment 
C)  maximum variation sampling 
D)  independent sampling 
A)  the sampling technique 
B)  random assignment 
C)  maximum variation sampling 
D)  independent sampling

Question 12

Because within-subject designs use the same participants in both experimental and control conditions, these two conditions can easily affect each other. The best way to control the effects of this interaction is to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  always run the two conditions in the same order 
B)  separate the two conditions widely in time 
C)  separate the two conditions widely in space 
D)  counterbalance the sequence of the two conditions 
A)  always run the two conditions in the same order 
B)  separate the two conditions widely in time 
C)  separate the two conditions widely in space 
D)  counterbalance the sequence of the two conditions

Question 13

Deception __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  can never be used in psychological research because of ethical concerns 
B)  is used in most psychological research 
C)  should be minimized for ethical reasons and followed by careful debriefing 
D)  is not a problem for psychological research because all participants are debriefed 
A)  can never be used in psychological research because of ethical concerns 
B)  is used in most psychological research 
C)  should be minimized for ethical reasons and followed by careful debriefing 
D)  is not a problem for psychological research because all participants are debriefed

Question 14

A within-subject design guarantees __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sufficiently different groups to find an effect 
B)  that an effect will be found 
C)  precise matching of the groups 
D)  that all possible confounds are controlled 
A)  sufficiently different groups to find an effect 
B)  that an effect will be found 
C)  precise matching of the groups 
D)  that all possible confounds are controlled

Question 15

Face validity is a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  type of construct validity 
B)  measure that seems to measure the things it is supposed to measure 
C)  theory that truly describes how a behavior pattern is constructed 
D)  operationalization of a behavior 
A)  type of construct validity 
B)  measure that seems to measure the things it is supposed to measure 
C)  theory that truly describes how a behavior pattern is constructed 
D)  operationalization of a behavior

Question 16

Under which set of guidelines are psychologists using human participants required to adopt and follow?

Accepted Answer

A)  American Psychiatric Foundation 
B)  American Psychological Association. 
C)  American Board of Psychological Ethics 
D)  all of the above 
A)  American Psychiatric Foundation 
B)  American Psychological Association. 
C)  American Board of Psychological Ethics 
D)  all of the above

Question 17

Which of the following must be protected in psychological research with human participants?

Accepted Answer

A)  their physical safety 
B)  their privacy 
C)  their autonomy and dignity 
D)  all of the above 
A)  their physical safety 
B)  their privacy 
C)  their autonomy and dignity 
D)  all of the above

Question 18

Debriefing must include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  informing the participant about the experiment prior to the onset of the experiment 
B)  having the experimenter explain any deception or hidden manipulation used in the experiment at the conclusion of the subject's participation in the experiment 
C)  If the study involved manipulation of beliefs, mood or emotion, the investigator must attempt to undo these changes at the conclusion of the subject's participation in the experiment. 
D)  both b and c 
A)  informing the participant about the experiment prior to the onset of the experiment 
B)  having the experimenter explain any deception or hidden manipulation used in the experiment at the conclusion of the subject's participation in the experiment 
C)  If the study involved manipulation of beliefs, mood or emotion, the investigator must attempt to undo these changes at the conclusion of the subject's participation in the experiment. 
D)  both b and c

Question 19

A researcher conducts a study of the effects of drinking or not drinking coffee on calculus test scores in a group of college students. In this study, the presence or absence of coffee is the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent variable 
B)  independent variable 
C)  experimental group 
D)  sample 
A)  dependent variable 
B)  independent variable 
C)  experimental group 
D)  sample

Question 20

Why might a researcher investigating the health of alcohol users versus nonusers NOT use random assignment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Random assignment cannot be used in humans. 
B)  Random assignment would have involved convincing people to drink or not drink, based on their group assignment. 
C)  Alcohol users cannot be randomly assigned to abstinence groups. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  Random assignment cannot be used in humans. 
B)  Random assignment would have involved convincing people to drink or not drink, based on their group assignment. 
C)  Alcohol users cannot be randomly assigned to abstinence groups. 
D)  All of the above.

The control group __________.

Which of the following is likely to be a quasi-experimental study?

Which of the following include the two major forms of data collection for psychologists?

In a scientific experiment, the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter to determine its effect is called the __________.

In a scientific experiment, the variable that is measured by the experimenter to determine whether it has changed is called the __________.

Which of the following is not a technique that allows pooling of information to support an hypothesis?

The best way to avoid demand characteristics is to __________.

A researcher conducts a study of the effects of drinking or not drinking energy drinks on calculus test scores in a group of college students. In this study, the group that drinks energy drinks is the __________ group.

A control group should be __________.

A strategy that deliberately seeks out unusual or extreme cases is called __________.

Because within-subject designs use the same participants in both experimental and control conditions, these two conditions can easily affect each other. The best way to control the effects of this interaction is to __________.

Deception __________.

A within-subject design guarantees __________.

Face validity is a(n) __________.

Under which set of guidelines are psychologists using human participants required to adopt and follow?

Which of the following must be protected in psychological research with human participants?

Debriefing must include which of the following?

A researcher conducts a study of the effects of drinking or not drinking coffee on calculus test scores in a group of college students. In this study, the presence or absence of coffee is the __________.

Why might a researcher investigating the health of alcohol users versus nonusers NOT use random assignment?

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Exam 1: Research Methods

The control group __________.

Which of the following is likely to be a quasi-experimental study?

Which of the following include the two major forms of data collection for psychologists?

In a scientific experiment, the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter to determine its effect is called the __________.

In a scientific experiment, the variable that is measured by the experimenter to determine whether it has changed is called the __________.

Which of the following is not a technique that allows pooling of information to support an hypothesis?

The best way to avoid demand characteristics is to __________.

A researcher conducts a study of the effects of drinking or not drinking energy drinks on calculus test scores in a group of college students. In this study, the group that drinks energy drinks is the __________ group.

A control group should be __________.

A strategy that deliberately seeks out unusual or extreme cases is called __________.

Because within-subject designs use the same participants in both experimental and control conditions, these two conditions can easily affect each other. The best way to control the effects of this interaction is to __________.

Deception __________.

A within-subject design guarantees __________.

Face validity is a(n) __________.

Under which set of guidelines are psychologists using human participants required to adopt and follow?

Which of the following must be protected in psychological research with human participants?

Debriefing must include which of the following?

A researcher conducts a study of the effects of drinking or not drinking coffee on calculus test scores in a group of college students. In this study, the presence or absence of coffee is the __________.

Why might a researcher investigating the health of alcohol users versus nonusers NOT use random assignment?

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters