Question 1

When researchers call certain attitudes towards others "implicit," what do they mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  that the attitudes are unconscious 
B)  that the attitudes are unusual 
C)  that the attitudes don't actually affect behavior 
D)  that the attitudes were formed early on in life 
A)  that the attitudes are unconscious 
B)  that the attitudes are unusual 
C)  that the attitudes don't actually affect behavior 
D)  that the attitudes were formed early on in life A

Question 2

Under what conditions are members of collectivistic cultures most likely to conform?

Accepted Answer

A)  when they are in the company of family 
B)  when they are motivated by external reward 
C)  when they are surrounded by others whom they do not know and with whom they do not share any kind of bond 
D)  under all conditions studied they are more likely to conform than are members of individualistic cultures 
A)  when they are in the company of family 
B)  when they are motivated by external reward 
C)  when they are surrounded by others whom they do not know and with whom they do not share any kind of bond 
D)  under all conditions studied they are more likely to conform than are members of individualistic cultures A

Question 3

People often remain inactive in emergency situations because __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  situations are often ambiguous 
B)  people look to other observers and see that they are calm 
C)  responsibility for action is diffused among all observers 
D)  all of the above 
A)  situations are often ambiguous 
B)  people look to other observers and see that they are calm 
C)  responsibility for action is diffused among all observers 
D)  all of the above D

Question 4

Dissonance theory would predict that those who work hardest in a class will find that class __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  less enjoyable 
B)  more enjoyable 
C)  as enjoyable as someone who did not work hard 
D)  boring but informative 
A)  less enjoyable 
B)  more enjoyable 
C)  as enjoyable as someone who did not work hard 
D)  boring but informative

Question 5

Compared to individualist cultures, collectivist cultures emphasize __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  interdependence 
B)  self-reliance 
C)  a person's needs, desires, and emotions 
D)  all of the above 
A)  interdependence 
B)  self-reliance 
C)  a person's needs, desires, and emotions 
D)  all of the above

Question 6

Your text argues that the relationship between schemas and stereotypes is that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  schemas arise when group stereotypes are applied to individuals 
B)  stereotypes arise when schemas are simplified and applied to groups 
C)  stereotypes arise when several schemas are combined into a more complex perceptual gestalt 
D)  schemas consist of a combination of stereotypes 
A)  schemas arise when group stereotypes are applied to individuals 
B)  stereotypes arise when schemas are simplified and applied to groups 
C)  stereotypes arise when several schemas are combined into a more complex perceptual gestalt 
D)  schemas consist of a combination of stereotypes

Question 7

A scene in the movie Places in the Heart has a blind character disrupting robed and hooded KKK members who are beating a man. He does so by recognizing their voices and calling out their names, one by one. His technique is effective because he knows that deindividuation and the harmful behaviors associated with it __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lead to an increased sense of invincibility 
B)  tightens inhibitions on impulses 
C)  are most likely when people believe they are anonymous 
D)  disappear if someone states that deindividuation is occurring 
A)  lead to an increased sense of invincibility 
B)  tightens inhibitions on impulses 
C)  are most likely when people believe they are anonymous 
D)  disappear if someone states that deindividuation is occurring

Question 8

In trying to push his grandmother's car out of the snowdrift, Jack exerts about 200 pounds of force. When his brother joins in Jack's effort drops to 180 pounds of force, and when other neighbors help Jack ends up exerting only 150 pounds of force. Jack's performance reflects __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  deindividuation 
B)  social loafing 
C)  group polarization 
D)  the false consensus effect 
A)  deindividuation 
B)  social loafing 
C)  group polarization 
D)  the false consensus effect

Question 9

Obedience in Milgram's study can be decreased by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  putting the teacher and the learner in the same room 
B)  having the teacher only read the test words while a confederate administers the shocks 
C)  increasing the psychological distance between the teacher and the learner 
D)  all of the above 
A)  putting the teacher and the learner in the same room 
B)  having the teacher only read the test words while a confederate administers the shocks 
C)  increasing the psychological distance between the teacher and the learner 
D)  all of the above

Question 10

Kevin is attempting to decide whether his brother impulsively spent his entire paycheck on a wild night on the town because he had been under a lot of stress at work or because he was irresponsible. In other words, Kevin was deciding whether to make a __________ or __________ attribution

Accepted Answer

A)  dispositional; rational 
B)  situational; dispositional 
C)  rational; situational 
D)  rational; emotional 
A)  dispositional; rational 
B)  situational; dispositional 
C)  rational; situational 
D)  rational; emotional

Question 11

In one study, an attractive young woman approached young men either while the men were crossing a frightening bridge (group A) or shortly after they had safely crossed (group B). A later measure of how much the men had been attracted to the woman indicated that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  consistent with attribution of arousal theory, men in group A seem to have been more attracted than men in group B 
B)  consistent with attribution of arousal theory, men in group B seem to have been more attracted than men in group A 
C)  contrary to attribution of arousal theory, men in group A seem to have been more attracted than men in group B 
D)  contrary to attribution of arousal theory, men in group B seem to have been more attracted than men in group A 
A)  consistent with attribution of arousal theory, men in group A seem to have been more attracted than men in group B 
B)  consistent with attribution of arousal theory, men in group B seem to have been more attracted than men in group A 
C)  contrary to attribution of arousal theory, men in group A seem to have been more attracted than men in group B 
D)  contrary to attribution of arousal theory, men in group B seem to have been more attracted than men in group A

Question 12

The fundamental attribution error is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  taking a behavior as a sign of internal dispositions and downplaying obvious or potential situational determinants 
B)  placing too much weight on situational determinants in making attributions for behavior 
C)  the tendency to see conformity in behavior across situations as based on an inferred internal disposition 
D)  overemphasizing the role of chance in determining behavior 
A)  taking a behavior as a sign of internal dispositions and downplaying obvious or potential situational determinants 
B)  placing too much weight on situational determinants in making attributions for behavior 
C)  the tendency to see conformity in behavior across situations as based on an inferred internal disposition 
D)  overemphasizing the role of chance in determining behavior

Question 13

After failing an exam, Timmy exclaims that the questions were too difficult and that his professor is terrible. What type of attribution is Timmy making for his failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  situational 
B)  dispositional 
C)  emotional 
D)  physical 
A)  situational 
B)  dispositional 
C)  emotional 
D)  physical

Question 14

In Asch's line-judgment task, __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fewer than one in three research participants never went along with a wrong answer given by the rest of the group 
B)  nearly three in four participants never went along with a wrong answer given by the rest of the group 
C)  about half of all participants never went along with a wrong answer given by the rest of the group 
D)  at least 90% of the participants never went along with a wrong answer given by the rest of the group 
A)  fewer than one in three research participants never went along with a wrong answer given by the rest of the group 
B)  nearly three in four participants never went along with a wrong answer given by the rest of the group 
C)  about half of all participants never went along with a wrong answer given by the rest of the group 
D)  at least 90% of the participants never went along with a wrong answer given by the rest of the group

Question 15

Suppose Milgram had asked his research participants to begin punishment at the highest shock intensity. Given the nature of cognitive reinterpretation processes, it is likely that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  more people would have complied 
B)  people would have reinterpreted the situation as the experiment progressed 
C)  more people would have disobeyed 
D)  the results would have been the same 
A)  more people would have complied 
B)  people would have reinterpreted the situation as the experiment progressed 
C)  more people would have disobeyed 
D)  the results would have been the same

Question 16

Zimbardo tried to replicate the brutality of prisons by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  training students to play the role of brutal guards 
B)  training students to play the role of passive prisoners 
C)  recruiting students with authoritarian personalities to play brutal guards 
D)  randomly assigning students to be guards or prisoners with little further instruction 
A)  training students to play the role of brutal guards 
B)  training students to play the role of passive prisoners 
C)  recruiting students with authoritarian personalities to play brutal guards 
D)  randomly assigning students to be guards or prisoners with little further instruction

Question 17

The "halo effect" refers to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the finding that physically attractive people are better in most respects than other people 
B)  the tendency to assume that those with a single good trait, such as physical attractiveness, also have other positive traits 
C)  the presumption that physically attractive people are less likely to commit legal offenses 
D)  the unconscious belief that having one positive attribute should be offset by the presence of a less desirable trait 
A)  the finding that physically attractive people are better in most respects than other people 
B)  the tendency to assume that those with a single good trait, such as physical attractiveness, also have other positive traits 
C)  the presumption that physically attractive people are less likely to commit legal offenses 
D)  the unconscious belief that having one positive attribute should be offset by the presence of a less desirable trait

Question 18

Mitzi has paid a great deal to a dating service because she believes it will find her perfect match. However, her first date from the service is a disaster. Based on cognitive dissonance theory, which of the following outcomes is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitzi will decide that the service is a scam, and she will report the service to the Better Business Bureau. 
B)  Mitzi will be so horrified that she will not be able to date again for at least one year. 
C)  Mitzi will decide that she has thrown her money away, but she will not do anything about it. 
D)  Mitzi will convince herself that the date was not really that bad after all. 
A)  Mitzi will decide that the service is a scam, and she will report the service to the Better Business Bureau. 
B)  Mitzi will be so horrified that she will not be able to date again for at least one year. 
C)  Mitzi will decide that she has thrown her money away, but she will not do anything about it. 
D)  Mitzi will convince herself that the date was not really that bad after all.

Question 19

In bargaining for a car, the dealer has just dropped $1,000 off the asking price. The customer now feels obliged to increase her offer. The dealer has made use of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  concessional bargaining 
B)  the self-disclosure principle 
C)  social exchange theory 
D)  the reciprocal-concession effect 
A)  concessional bargaining 
B)  the self-disclosure principle 
C)  social exchange theory 
D)  the reciprocal-concession effect

Question 20

In an Asch experiment, the target line is 5 inches long, but the confederates say the 6-inch line is the one that matches it. The real research participant will be more likely to give the correct answer if __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the confederates unanimously give the wrong answer 
B)  one confederate gives the right answer (5-inch line), while the rest all say it is the 6-inch line 
C)  one confederate wrongly states that the 7-inch line matches, while the rest all say it is the 6-inch line 
D)  both b and c 
A)  the confederates unanimously give the wrong answer 
B)  one confederate gives the right answer (5-inch line), while the rest all say it is the 6-inch line 
C)  one confederate wrongly states that the 7-inch line matches, while the rest all say it is the 6-inch line 
D)  both b and c

When researchers call certain attitudes towards others "implicit," what do they mean?

Under what conditions are members of collectivistic cultures most likely to conform?

People often remain inactive in emergency situations because __________.

Dissonance theory would predict that those who work hardest in a class will find that class __________.

Compared to individualist cultures, collectivist cultures emphasize __________.

Your text argues that the relationship between schemas and stereotypes is that __________.

In trying to push his grandmother's car out of the snowdrift, Jack exerts about 200 pounds of force. When his brother joins in Jack's effort drops to 180 pounds of force, and when other neighbors help Jack ends up exerting only 150 pounds of force. Jack's performance reflects __________.

Obedience in Milgram's study can be decreased by __________.

Kevin is attempting to decide whether his brother impulsively spent his entire paycheck on a wild night on the town because he had been under a lot of stress at work or because he was irresponsible. In other words, Kevin was deciding whether to make a or attribution

In one study, an attractive young woman approached young men either while the men were crossing a frightening bridge (group A) or shortly after they had safely crossed (group B). A later measure of how much the men had been attracted to the woman indicated that __________.

The fundamental attribution error is __________.

After failing an exam, Timmy exclaims that the questions were too difficult and that his professor is terrible. What type of attribution is Timmy making for his failure?

In Asch's line-judgment task, __________.

Suppose Milgram had asked his research participants to begin punishment at the highest shock intensity. Given the nature of cognitive reinterpretation processes, it is likely that __________.

Zimbardo tried to replicate the brutality of prisons by __________.

The "halo effect" refers to __________.

Mitzi has paid a great deal to a dating service because she believes it will find her perfect match. However, her first date from the service is a disaster. Based on cognitive dissonance theory, which of the following outcomes is most likely?

In bargaining for a car, the dealer has just dropped $1,000 off the asking price. The customer now feels obliged to increase her offer. The dealer has made use of __________.

In an Asch experiment, the target line is 5 inches long, but the confederates say the 6-inch line is the one that matches it. The real research participant will be more likely to give the correct answer if __________.

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Exam 13: Social Psychology

When researchers call certain attitudes towards others "implicit," what do they mean?

Under what conditions are members of collectivistic cultures most likely to conform?

People often remain inactive in emergency situations because __________.

Dissonance theory would predict that those who work hardest in a class will find that class __________.

Compared to individualist cultures, collectivist cultures emphasize __________.

Your text argues that the relationship between schemas and stereotypes is that __________.

In trying to push his grandmother's car out of the snowdrift, Jack exerts about 200 pounds of force. When his brother joins in Jack's effort drops to 180 pounds of force, and when other neighbors help Jack ends up exerting only 150 pounds of force. Jack's performance reflects __________.

Obedience in Milgram's study can be decreased by __________.

Kevin is attempting to decide whether his brother impulsively spent his entire paycheck on a wild night on the town because he had been under a lot of stress at work or because he was irresponsible. In other words, Kevin was deciding whether to make a __________ or __________ attribution

In one study, an attractive young woman approached young men either while the men were crossing a frightening bridge (group A) or shortly after they had safely crossed (group B). A later measure of how much the men had been attracted to the woman indicated that __________.

The fundamental attribution error is __________.

After failing an exam, Timmy exclaims that the questions were too difficult and that his professor is terrible. What type of attribution is Timmy making for his failure?

In Asch's line-judgment task, __________.

Suppose Milgram had asked his research participants to begin punishment at the highest shock intensity. Given the nature of cognitive reinterpretation processes, it is likely that __________.

Zimbardo tried to replicate the brutality of prisons by __________.

The "halo effect" refers to __________.

Mitzi has paid a great deal to a dating service because she believes it will find her perfect match. However, her first date from the service is a disaster. Based on cognitive dissonance theory, which of the following outcomes is most likely?

In bargaining for a car, the dealer has just dropped $1,000 off the asking price. The customer now feels obliged to increase her offer. The dealer has made use of __________.

In an Asch experiment, the target line is 5 inches long, but the confederates say the 6-inch line is the one that matches it. The real research participant will be more likely to give the correct answer if __________.

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Kevin is attempting to decide whether his brother impulsively spent his entire paycheck on a wild night on the town because he had been under a lot of stress at work or because he was irresponsible. In other words, Kevin was deciding whether to make a or attribution