Question 1

Studies of how between-family differences and personality development arise suggest that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the average correlations between adopted children and their adoptive siblings is very low 
B)  the similarity of identical twins reared apart is greater than the similarity for identical twins reared together 
C)  neuroticism, but not extraversion, seems more affected by between-family than by within-family variables 
D)  all of the above 
A)  the average correlations between adopted children and their adoptive siblings is very low 
B)  the similarity of identical twins reared apart is greater than the similarity for identical twins reared together 
C)  neuroticism, but not extraversion, seems more affected by between-family than by within-family variables 
D)  all of the above A

Question 2

Energetic, lazy, meticulous, and conscientious are attributes called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  projective deviations 
B)  personality inventories 
C)  personality traits 
D)  projective characteristics 
A)  projective deviations 
B)  personality inventories 
C)  personality traits 
D)  projective characteristics C

Question 3

According to Zuckerman, what neurotransmitter is underactive in the brains of sensation-seekers?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  dopamine 
D)  serotonin 
A)  acetylcholine 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  dopamine 
D)  serotonin B

Question 4

Dan has carefully conducted a factor analysis of the many different personality descriptors of the students in his school. Like most researchers he has ended up with five distinct personality traits. Which of the following would not likely be among the distinct traits he identified?

Accepted Answer

A)  religiosity 
B)  extraversion 
C)  agreeableness 
D)  conscientiousness 
A)  religiosity 
B)  extraversion 
C)  agreeableness 
D)  conscientiousness

Question 5

Early trait psychologists counted personality-relevant terms in the dictionary. How many did they find?

Accepted Answer

A)  18,000 
B)  2,500 
C)  500,000 
D)  1,000 
A)  18,000 
B)  2,500 
C)  500,000 
D)  1,000

Question 6

"People need more than food and sex. Sometimes the joy of doing something is reward enough." The person who says this is probably a __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorist 
B)  humanist 
C)  psychoanalyst 
D)  neo-Freudian 
A)  behaviorist 
B)  humanist 
C)  psychoanalyst 
D)  neo-Freudian

Question 7

Which of the following is not a within-family difference in environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  child-rearing attitudes in parents 
B)  birth order and spacing of children 
C)  accidents, injuries, and diseases that affect only a single child 
D)  differences in friends, teachers, and peers 
A)  child-rearing attitudes in parents 
B)  birth order and spacing of children 
C)  accidents, injuries, and diseases that affect only a single child 
D)  differences in friends, teachers, and peers

Question 8

As a humanist, George wants to understand Robert's "construal." This means that he __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  wants to know what dreams Robert has 
B)  will try to understand Robert's interpretation of the world around him 
C)  needs to list the different thoughts that enter Robert's mind 
D)  will record Robert's behaviors at regular intervals 
A)  wants to know what dreams Robert has 
B)  will try to understand Robert's interpretation of the world around him 
C)  needs to list the different thoughts that enter Robert's mind 
D)  will record Robert's behaviors at regular intervals

Question 9

Which of the following is not one of Freud's stages of psychosexual development?

Accepted Answer

A)  the copulatory stage 
B)  the phallic stage 
C)  the anal stage 
D)  the genital stage 
A)  the copulatory stage 
B)  the phallic stage 
C)  the anal stage 
D)  the genital stage

Question 10

If you've got a devil on one shoulder, telling you to do something "naughty," and an angel on the other, urging you to remain upright and moral, then the devil, according to Freud, would represent the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ego 
B)  id 
C)  superego 
D)  mother 
A)  ego 
B)  id 
C)  superego 
D)  mother

Question 11

Which of the following is evidence that a patient suffers from a psychogenic disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  One of his symptoms is paralysis of the legs. 
B)  One of his symptoms is glove anesthesia. 
C)  After he is hypnotized, he shows posthypnotic amnesia. 
D)  He is extremely suggestible under hypnosis. 
A)  One of his symptoms is paralysis of the legs. 
B)  One of his symptoms is glove anesthesia. 
C)  After he is hypnotized, he shows posthypnotic amnesia. 
D)  He is extremely suggestible under hypnosis.

Question 12

According to Sigmund Freud, slips of the tongue and dream interpretations reveal __________ processes.

Accepted Answer

A)  personality 
B)  attribution 
C)  conscious 
D)  unconscious 
A)  personality 
B)  attribution 
C)  conscious 
D)  unconscious

Question 13

Dana is struggling with the decision to place her mother in a nursing home, and wants her mother to enjoy her time and remain active as much as possible. Based on research in social-cognitive concepts, which of the following nursing homes would likely be the best choice?

Accepted Answer

A)  one that offers a long list of activities for the residents to choose from every hour 
B)  one that has residents in charge of minor daily tasks and offers some degree of control over the timing of their activities 
C)  one that provides a fixed, prescribed schedule of activities with no need to make choices 
D)  one that takes care of their every need without requiring any effort by the residents 
A)  one that offers a long list of activities for the residents to choose from every hour 
B)  one that has residents in charge of minor daily tasks and offers some degree of control over the timing of their activities 
C)  one that provides a fixed, prescribed schedule of activities with no need to make choices 
D)  one that takes care of their every need without requiring any effort by the residents

Question 14

In discussing the relative importance of within- and between-family differences, your textbook authors suggest that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  in general, within-family differences are more important than between-family differences 
B)  between-family differences are fairly important in the development of intelligence 
C)  between-family differences may be more important when we consider families from a wider range of socioeconomic classes, and from different cultures 
D)  all of the above 
A)  in general, within-family differences are more important than between-family differences 
B)  between-family differences are fairly important in the development of intelligence 
C)  between-family differences may be more important when we consider families from a wider range of socioeconomic classes, and from different cultures 
D)  all of the above

Question 15

At age 18, the most significant personal relationship Emily has had is with her mother. If Emily's therapist worked from an object relations perspective, she would conceptualize Emily's mother as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  her primary attachment figure 
B)  her superego 
C)  a minor influence on her personality 
D)  a repressed representation 
A)  her primary attachment figure 
B)  her superego 
C)  a minor influence on her personality 
D)  a repressed representation

Question 16

When unacceptable behaviors are reinterpreted in more acceptable terms, the defense mechanism at work is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction formation 
B)  projection 
C)  rationalization 
D)  repression 
A)  reaction formation 
B)  projection 
C)  rationalization 
D)  repression

Question 17

His teachers described Darrell as being very honest and conscientious on the basis of his classroom performance. However, his basketball coach observed Darrell breaking the rules and taking cheap shots during practice, and described him as a cheat. Such findings have led to criticism of trait theories of personality because __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  different observers tend to describe a single individual in terms of different traits 
B)  personality is based on fluid cognitive structures rather than systems of traits 
C)  people behave much less consistently across situations than trait theory predicts 
D)  all of the above 
A)  different observers tend to describe a single individual in terms of different traits 
B)  personality is based on fluid cognitive structures rather than systems of traits 
C)  people behave much less consistently across situations than trait theory predicts 
D)  all of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is inconsistent with a psychoanalytic interpretation of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Snow White's escape from the wicked queen by going underground is representative of a young girl's latency period. 
B)  Snow White's evil stepmother is the target of hate and hostility arising from the Electra conflict. 
C)  The seven dwarfs represent the seven deadly sins, including lust and greed. 
D)  The prince's awakening touch with his sword represents the release of Snow White's previously dormant sexual urges. 
A)  Snow White's escape from the wicked queen by going underground is representative of a young girl's latency period. 
B)  Snow White's evil stepmother is the target of hate and hostility arising from the Electra conflict. 
C)  The seven dwarfs represent the seven deadly sins, including lust and greed. 
D)  The prince's awakening touch with his sword represents the release of Snow White's previously dormant sexual urges.

Question 19

The self-monitoring scale developed by Mark Snyder __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  assesses person-by-situation interactions 
B)  assesses how consistent one's behavior is across different situations 
C)  uses factor analysis to assess personality traits 
D)  assesses the extent to which people try to control the impressions they make on others 
E)  none of the above 
A)  assesses person-by-situation interactions 
B)  assesses how consistent one's behavior is across different situations 
C)  uses factor analysis to assess personality traits 
D)  assesses the extent to which people try to control the impressions they make on others 
E)  none of the above

Question 20

Which of the following is probably not a between-family difference in environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  child-rearing attitudes 
B)  birth order and spacing of children 
C)  socioeconomic status of parents 
D)  parental religion 
A)  child-rearing attitudes 
B)  birth order and spacing of children 
C)  socioeconomic status of parents 
D)  parental religion

Studies of how between-family differences and personality development arise suggest that __________.

Energetic, lazy, meticulous, and conscientious are attributes called __________.

According to Zuckerman, what neurotransmitter is underactive in the brains of sensation-seekers?

Dan has carefully conducted a factor analysis of the many different personality descriptors of the students in his school. Like most researchers he has ended up with five distinct personality traits. Which of the following would not likely be among the distinct traits he identified?

Early trait psychologists counted personality-relevant terms in the dictionary. How many did they find?

"People need more than food and sex. Sometimes the joy of doing something is reward enough." The person who says this is probably a __________.

Which of the following is not a within-family difference in environment?

As a humanist, George wants to understand Robert's "construal." This means that he __________.

Which of the following is not one of Freud's stages of psychosexual development?

If you've got a devil on one shoulder, telling you to do something "naughty," and an angel on the other, urging you to remain upright and moral, then the devil, according to Freud, would represent the __________.

Which of the following is evidence that a patient suffers from a psychogenic disorder?

According to Sigmund Freud, slips of the tongue and dream interpretations reveal __________ processes.

Dana is struggling with the decision to place her mother in a nursing home, and wants her mother to enjoy her time and remain active as much as possible. Based on research in social-cognitive concepts, which of the following nursing homes would likely be the best choice?

In discussing the relative importance of within- and between-family differences, your textbook authors suggest that __________.

At age 18, the most significant personal relationship Emily has had is with her mother. If Emily's therapist worked from an object relations perspective, she would conceptualize Emily's mother as __________.

When unacceptable behaviors are reinterpreted in more acceptable terms, the defense mechanism at work is __________.

Which of the following is inconsistent with a psychoanalytic interpretation of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs?

The self-monitoring scale developed by Mark Snyder __________.

Which of the following is probably not a between-family difference in environment?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Exam 15: Personality

Studies of how between-family differences and personality development arise suggest that __________.

Energetic, lazy, meticulous, and conscientious are attributes called __________.

According to Zuckerman, what neurotransmitter is underactive in the brains of sensation-seekers?

Dan has carefully conducted a factor analysis of the many different personality descriptors of the students in his school. Like most researchers he has ended up with five distinct personality traits. Which of the following would not likely be among the distinct traits he identified?

Early trait psychologists counted personality-relevant terms in the dictionary. How many did they find?

"People need more than food and sex. Sometimes the joy of doing something is reward enough." The person who says this is probably a __________.

Which of the following is not a within-family difference in environment?

As a humanist, George wants to understand Robert's "construal." This means that he __________.

Which of the following is not one of Freud's stages of psychosexual development?

If you've got a devil on one shoulder, telling you to do something "naughty," and an angel on the other, urging you to remain upright and moral, then the devil, according to Freud, would represent the __________.

Which of the following is evidence that a patient suffers from a psychogenic disorder?

According to Sigmund Freud, slips of the tongue and dream interpretations reveal __________ processes.

Dana is struggling with the decision to place her mother in a nursing home, and wants her mother to enjoy her time and remain active as much as possible. Based on research in social-cognitive concepts, which of the following nursing homes would likely be the best choice?

In discussing the relative importance of within- and between-family differences, your textbook authors suggest that __________.

At age 18, the most significant personal relationship Emily has had is with her mother. If Emily's therapist worked from an object relations perspective, she would conceptualize Emily's mother as __________.

When unacceptable behaviors are reinterpreted in more acceptable terms, the defense mechanism at work is __________.

Which of the following is inconsistent with a psychoanalytic interpretation of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs?

The self-monitoring scale developed by Mark Snyder __________.

Which of the following is probably not a between-family difference in environment?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters