Question 1

When you punish yourself for your various shortcomings and assorted moral failings, the agency responsible for the guilt feelings that result is what Freud called the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  id 
B)  death instinct 
C)  ego 
D)  superego 
A)  id 
B)  death instinct 
C)  ego 
D)  superego

Question 2

Hysterical symptoms are psychogenic, which means that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the cause of the disorder can be eliminated through hypnosis 
B)  they are a product of psychological rather than organic damage 
C)  they are a type of psychosis 
D)  they are a result of cultural values 
A)  the cause of the disorder can be eliminated through hypnosis 
B)  they are a product of psychological rather than organic damage 
C)  they are a type of psychosis 
D)  they are a result of cultural values

Question 3

Which of the following is not a defense mechanism according to Freud?

Accepted Answer

A)  repression 
B)  projection 
C)  induction 
D)  reaction formation 
A)  repression 
B)  projection 
C)  induction 
D)  reaction formation

Question 4

Donna has been told that she should work on her self-esteem. In trying to learn more about self-esteem, which of the following would Donna likely learn?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-esteem has a very close correspondence to one's abilities and achievements. 
B)  Self-esteem is not always based on an objective self-appraisal. 
C)  Self-esteem is primarily dependent on the status of unconscious dynamics. 
D)  When asked to compare themselves with others, most people tend to skew their self-ratings in an unrealistically negative direction. 
A)  Self-esteem has a very close correspondence to one's abilities and achievements. 
B)  Self-esteem is not always based on an objective self-appraisal. 
C)  Self-esteem is primarily dependent on the status of unconscious dynamics. 
D)  When asked to compare themselves with others, most people tend to skew their self-ratings in an unrealistically negative direction.

Question 5

Despite their best intentions, Jennifer and her twin sister Megan have each been divorced three times. Given what we know about personality and divorce, we can assume that Jennifer and Megan have higher scores on measures related to extraversion and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroticism 
B)  agreeableness 
C)  sensation-seeking 
D)  openness to experience 
A)  neuroticism 
B)  agreeableness 
C)  sensation-seeking 
D)  openness to experience

Question 6

One implication of Eysenck's extraversion/introversion theory is that introverts should have __________ than extraverts.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher basic alertness 
B)  lower basic alertness 
C)  higher pain thresholds 
D)  lower pain thresholds 
A)  higher basic alertness 
B)  lower basic alertness 
C)  higher pain thresholds 
D)  lower pain thresholds

Question 7

Attributional style is used to predict which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  how people will react in stressful situations 
B)  if a person is likely to suffer from depression 
C)  how a person identifies the causes of events in her life 
D)  the nature of a person's perceived locus of control 
A)  how people will react in stressful situations 
B)  if a person is likely to suffer from depression 
C)  how a person identifies the causes of events in her life 
D)  the nature of a person's perceived locus of control

Question 8

In his studies of delay of gratification in children, Mischel found that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the length of time that children could delay a desired reward did not depend on whether the reward was visible while the child was waiting 
B)  children delayed gratification longer if they spent the time imagining the pleasures they would get from the reward 
C)  children delayed gratification longer if they distracted themselves from thinking about the reward 
D)  children's ability to delay gratification was not related to thoughts or behaviors during the delay interval, but was highly correlated with personality characteristics such as introversion and responsibility 
A)  the length of time that children could delay a desired reward did not depend on whether the reward was visible while the child was waiting 
B)  children delayed gratification longer if they spent the time imagining the pleasures they would get from the reward 
C)  children delayed gratification longer if they distracted themselves from thinking about the reward 
D)  children's ability to delay gratification was not related to thoughts or behaviors during the delay interval, but was highly correlated with personality characteristics such as introversion and responsibility

Question 9

What did Sigmund Freud believe was the underlying principle of unconscious conflicts?

Accepted Answer

A)  protection from impure thoughts and actions 
B)  escape from society's restraints 
C)  fuel for the id 
D)  defense against anxiety 
A)  protection from impure thoughts and actions 
B)  escape from society's restraints 
C)  fuel for the id 
D)  defense against anxiety

Question 10

According to Hans Eysenck, extraverts, in contrast to introverts, seem to be __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  in need of additional stimulation 
B)  easily overstimulated 
C)  less reactive to stimuli 
D)  both b and c 
A)  in need of additional stimulation 
B)  easily overstimulated 
C)  less reactive to stimuli 
D)  both b and c

Question 11

The concept of the id, ego, and superego is best regarded as a theory about three __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  separate personalities inhabiting one body 
B)  different sets of reaction patterns within each personality 
C)  separate stages in personality development 
D)  distinct types of unconscious conflict 
A)  separate personalities inhabiting one body 
B)  different sets of reaction patterns within each personality 
C)  separate stages in personality development 
D)  distinct types of unconscious conflict

Question 12

In psychoanalytic theory, what is the primary consequence of resolution of the Oedipus complex?

Accepted Answer

A)  establishment of a trajectory toward adult male, heterosexual development 
B)  an abiding mistrust of one's parents that lingers as an unconscious conflict 
C)  the determination as to whether one will be trustful or mistrustful of others 
D)  an inherently pathological set of unconscious conflicts that can be addressed only through psychoanalysis 
A)  establishment of a trajectory toward adult male, heterosexual development 
B)  an abiding mistrust of one's parents that lingers as an unconscious conflict 
C)  the determination as to whether one will be trustful or mistrustful of others 
D)  an inherently pathological set of unconscious conflicts that can be addressed only through psychoanalysis

Question 13

In general, trait theories involve the idea that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  different situations produce entirely different behaviors 
B)  a person's behavior is rarely consistent across time and situations 
C)  people can be grouped according to their basic underlying personality characteristics 
D)  the search for patterns in personality is misguided 
A)  different situations produce entirely different behaviors 
B)  a person's behavior is rarely consistent across time and situations 
C)  people can be grouped according to their basic underlying personality characteristics 
D)  the search for patterns in personality is misguided

Question 14

Heather had a stormy relationship with her mother while growing up and viewed her as unreliable, unpredictable, and uncaring. According to attachment theory, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because she developed a poor working model of her self and others in childhood, she will always view future relationships and relationship partners negatively. 
B)  Working models of self and others are flexible, and so she can modify the quality of future relationships. 
C)  Working models shape our view of ourselves and others, and the establishment of an early negative working model cannot be modified through extensive psychoanalysis. 
D)  Although working models can be modified, doing so requires the combination of antidepressant medications with cognitive restructuring. 
A)  Because she developed a poor working model of her self and others in childhood, she will always view future relationships and relationship partners negatively. 
B)  Working models of self and others are flexible, and so she can modify the quality of future relationships. 
C)  Working models shape our view of ourselves and others, and the establishment of an early negative working model cannot be modified through extensive psychoanalysis. 
D)  Although working models can be modified, doing so requires the combination of antidepressant medications with cognitive restructuring.

Question 15

In the study of personality, it is important to distinguish between traits and states. What is one difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  Traits are temporary. 
B)  States are caused by neurochemistry. 
C)  Traits are relatively enduring. 
D)  Only traits affect behavior. 
A)  Traits are temporary. 
B)  States are caused by neurochemistry. 
C)  Traits are relatively enduring. 
D)  Only traits affect behavior.

Question 16

Jessica, a 5-month-old infant, cannot make plans, solve problems, weight the moral implications of a decision, or consider how to realistically obtain food or put on warm clothes. In Freudian terms, Jessica is governed by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the superego 
B)  the id 
C)  the ego 
D)  sublimation 
A)  the superego 
B)  the id 
C)  the ego 
D)  sublimation

Question 17

According to positive psychology, optimism can have positive effects on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  one's physical health 
B)  one's immune system 
C)  both a and b 
D)  none of the above 
A)  one's physical health 
B)  one's immune system 
C)  both a and b 
D)  none of the above

Question 18

Which of the following would be termed a strong situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  a court hearing 
B)  being home alone 
C)  playgrounds 
D)  a casual restaurant 
A)  a court hearing 
B)  being home alone 
C)  playgrounds 
D)  a casual restaurant

Question 19

Deborah has been keeping track of how satisfied she is in her marriage, how rewarding her friendships are, how well she is doing at work, and how physically healthy she is. This kind of information is what personality researchers would refer to as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-actualization indices 
B)  behavioral data 
C)  life satisfaction measures 
D)  life data 
A)  self-actualization indices 
B)  behavioral data 
C)  life satisfaction measures 
D)  life data

Question 20

Which of the following would be termed a weak situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  being home alone 
B)  sitting at a traffic light 
C)  taking a test in class 
D)  eating at a very fancy restaurant 
A)  being home alone 
B)  sitting at a traffic light 
C)  taking a test in class 
D)  eating at a very fancy restaurant

When you punish yourself for your various shortcomings and assorted moral failings, the agency responsible for the guilt feelings that result is what Freud called the __________.

Hysterical symptoms are psychogenic, which means that __________.

Which of the following is not a defense mechanism according to Freud?

Donna has been told that she should work on her self-esteem. In trying to learn more about self-esteem, which of the following would Donna likely learn?

Despite their best intentions, Jennifer and her twin sister Megan have each been divorced three times. Given what we know about personality and divorce, we can assume that Jennifer and Megan have higher scores on measures related to extraversion and __________.

One implication of Eysenck's extraversion/introversion theory is that introverts should have __________ than extraverts.

Attributional style is used to predict which of the following?

In his studies of delay of gratification in children, Mischel found that __________.

What did Sigmund Freud believe was the underlying principle of unconscious conflicts?

According to Hans Eysenck, extraverts, in contrast to introverts, seem to be __________.

The concept of the id, ego, and superego is best regarded as a theory about three __________.

In psychoanalytic theory, what is the primary consequence of resolution of the Oedipus complex?

In general, trait theories involve the idea that __________.

Heather had a stormy relationship with her mother while growing up and viewed her as unreliable, unpredictable, and uncaring. According to attachment theory, which of the following is true?

In the study of personality, it is important to distinguish between traits and states. What is one difference?

Jessica, a 5-month-old infant, cannot make plans, solve problems, weight the moral implications of a decision, or consider how to realistically obtain food or put on warm clothes. In Freudian terms, Jessica is governed by __________.

According to positive psychology, optimism can have positive effects on which of the following?

Which of the following would be termed a strong situation?

Deborah has been keeping track of how satisfied she is in her marriage, how rewarding her friendships are, how well she is doing at work, and how physically healthy she is. This kind of information is what personality researchers would refer to as __________.

Which of the following would be termed a weak situation?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Exam 15: Personality

When you punish yourself for your various shortcomings and assorted moral failings, the agency responsible for the guilt feelings that result is what Freud called the __________.

Hysterical symptoms are psychogenic, which means that __________.

Which of the following is not a defense mechanism according to Freud?

Donna has been told that she should work on her self-esteem. In trying to learn more about self-esteem, which of the following would Donna likely learn?

Despite their best intentions, Jennifer and her twin sister Megan have each been divorced three times. Given what we know about personality and divorce, we can assume that Jennifer and Megan have higher scores on measures related to extraversion and __________.

One implication of Eysenck's extraversion/introversion theory is that introverts should have __________ than extraverts.

Attributional style is used to predict which of the following?

In his studies of delay of gratification in children, Mischel found that __________.

What did Sigmund Freud believe was the underlying principle of unconscious conflicts?

According to Hans Eysenck, extraverts, in contrast to introverts, seem to be __________.

The concept of the id, ego, and superego is best regarded as a theory about three __________.

In psychoanalytic theory, what is the primary consequence of resolution of the Oedipus complex?

In general, trait theories involve the idea that __________.

Heather had a stormy relationship with her mother while growing up and viewed her as unreliable, unpredictable, and uncaring. According to attachment theory, which of the following is true?

In the study of personality, it is important to distinguish between traits and states. What is one difference?

Jessica, a 5-month-old infant, cannot make plans, solve problems, weight the moral implications of a decision, or consider how to realistically obtain food or put on warm clothes. In Freudian terms, Jessica is governed by __________.

According to positive psychology, optimism can have positive effects on which of the following?

Which of the following would be termed a strong situation?

Deborah has been keeping track of how satisfied she is in her marriage, how rewarding her friendships are, how well she is doing at work, and how physically healthy she is. This kind of information is what personality researchers would refer to as __________.

Which of the following would be termed a weak situation?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters