Question 1

Publication of studies in psychology has all of the following functions except __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  allowing for replications 
B)  allowing others to challenge initial findings with alternative studies 
C)  opening up particular hypotheses to discussion 
D)  all of the above are functions of publication 
A)  allowing for replications 
B)  allowing others to challenge initial findings with alternative studies 
C)  opening up particular hypotheses to discussion 
D)  all of the above are functions of publication

Question 2

A critical difference between quasi-experimental/correlational investigations and experiments is that only __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  true experiments examine real-world questions 
B)  quasi-experimental/correlational investigations study real-world questions 
C)  experiments involve a change or manipulation 
D)  correlational and quasi-experimental investigations involve a change or manipulation 
A)  true experiments examine real-world questions 
B)  quasi-experimental/correlational investigations study real-world questions 
C)  experiments involve a change or manipulation 
D)  correlational and quasi-experimental investigations involve a change or manipulation

Question 3

Which is of the following is a valid reason that scientists refuse to draw conclusions based on anecdotal evidence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anecdotal evidence is informally collected. 
B)  Anecdotal evidence is not derived from the scientific method. 
C)  Anecdotal evidence may be based on confirmation biases. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  Anecdotal evidence is informally collected. 
B)  Anecdotal evidence is not derived from the scientific method. 
C)  Anecdotal evidence may be based on confirmation biases. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 4

The purpose of informed consent is to tell participants __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  whether they will be in the experimental or control group 
B)  what the expected outcome of the study is 
C)  what the actual outcome of the study was, after the study has been completed 
D)  what the study will involve and what the relevant risks are, and to inform participants that they are free to leave the study if they wish 
A)  whether they will be in the experimental or control group 
B)  what the expected outcome of the study is 
C)  what the actual outcome of the study was, after the study has been completed 
D)  what the study will involve and what the relevant risks are, and to inform participants that they are free to leave the study if they wish

Question 5

Giovanni wants to investigate the effects of a new drug for attention deficit disorder in children. He has the pharmacist make envelopes of the drug and a control drug for each day of the trial. Neither the researcher nor the family knows which drug is given on a particular day. Each day the family and the teacher rate the child's behavior. At the end of the study the pharmacist reveals which days the child got the drug. This type of study is using the __________ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  randomization 
B)  double-blind 
C)  placebo 
D)  quasi-experimental 
A)  randomization 
B)  double-blind 
C)  placebo 
D)  quasi-experimental

Question 6

John remembers the one time that he changed his mind at the last minute and decided to not board the airplane-and it crashed. However, he has also remembered that he has flown on an airplane over 200 times, and even changed his plans on many occasions. None of those times the plane crashed. Based on his experience, John believes he gets premonitions regarding plane crashes. We could call the conclusions John has made about his flying experience as based on a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias 
B)  insight and introspection 
C)  demand characteristics 
D)  an operational definition 
A)  confirmation bias 
B)  insight and introspection 
C)  demand characteristics 
D)  an operational definition

Question 7

You are studying how taking a high school psychology course affects performance in college psychology courses. If you were to include all students who ever will take, have taken, or are currently taking a high school psychology course, you would be testing the __________ of students who took psychology in high school.

Accepted Answer

A)  sample 
B)  dependent variable 
C)  population 
D)  independent variable 
A)  sample 
B)  dependent variable 
C)  population 
D)  independent variable

Question 8

Scientists refer to the situation in which there exists a possibility that another factor, different from the dependent and independent variables, may cause changes in both variables as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a correlation 
B)  the third-variable problem 
C)  bias 
D)  confounding variable situation 
A)  a correlation 
B)  the third-variable problem 
C)  bias 
D)  confounding variable situation

Question 9

What is the primary purpose of random assignment?

Accepted Answer

A)  to ensure that experimental and control groups start out with the same number
Of participants 
B)  to ensure that experimental and control groups start out with different numbers
Of participants 
C)  to ensure that experimental and control groups start out identical to each other 
D)  to ensure that experimental and control groups will end up different from each other 
A)  to ensure that experimental and control groups start out with the same number
Of participants 
B)  to ensure that experimental and control groups start out with different numbers
Of participants 
C)  to ensure that experimental and control groups start out identical to each other 
D)  to ensure that experimental and control groups will end up different from each other

Question 10

Marie analyzes her data and obtains a p-value of 0.001. She can conclude that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the results meet the criteria for statistical significance 
B)  the probability of getting the data pattern is not likely to be due purely to accident 
C)  it tells us the results are not likely to be due to chance 
D)  all of the above 
A)  the results meet the criteria for statistical significance 
B)  the probability of getting the data pattern is not likely to be due purely to accident 
C)  it tells us the results are not likely to be due to chance 
D)  all of the above

Question 11

The variability of one's data set refers to the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  central tendency of the data 
B)  degree to which individual values differ from one to the next 
C)  size of the sample 
D)  kind of sample the researcher is using 
A)  central tendency of the data 
B)  degree to which individual values differ from one to the next 
C)  size of the sample 
D)  kind of sample the researcher is using

Question 12

A study is considered internally valid if __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the experimental and control groups are treated differently from one another, except for experimental manipulation 
B)  all confounds have been measured 
C)  the experimental and control groups are treated identically, including experimental manipulation 
D)  all confounds have been eliminated 
A)  the experimental and control groups are treated differently from one another, except for experimental manipulation 
B)  all confounds have been measured 
C)  the experimental and control groups are treated identically, including experimental manipulation 
D)  all confounds have been eliminated

Question 13

Disconfirmation of a hypothesis __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is an important part of the scientific method 
B)  occurs only when an experiment is poorly conducted 
C)  is necessarily the end point in a research program 
D)  leads most researchers to repeat an experiment exactly 
A)  is an important part of the scientific method 
B)  occurs only when an experiment is poorly conducted 
C)  is necessarily the end point in a research program 
D)  leads most researchers to repeat an experiment exactly

Question 14

The difference between common sense and science is that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  science tells you what to believe 
B)  the logic of science can also help individuals draw more sensible conclusions in their everyday lives; common sense does not necessarily rely on logic 
C)  the logic of common sense an also help individuals draw more sensible conclusions in their everyday lives; science cannot help in one's everyday life 
D)  the conclusions in science provide the necessary information for making conclusions about science; common sense provides the necessary information for making conclusions about all other areas of one's life 
A)  science tells you what to believe 
B)  the logic of science can also help individuals draw more sensible conclusions in their everyday lives; common sense does not necessarily rely on logic 
C)  the logic of common sense an also help individuals draw more sensible conclusions in their everyday lives; science cannot help in one's everyday life 
D)  the conclusions in science provide the necessary information for making conclusions about science; common sense provides the necessary information for making conclusions about all other areas of one's life

Question 15

Which of the following is not a measure of the central tendency of the data?

Accepted Answer

A)  mean 
B)  median 
C)  standard deviation 
D)  average 
A)  mean 
B)  median 
C)  standard deviation 
D)  average

Question 16

Jarod is in the beginning stages of developing his experiment. According to the scientific method, where should he begin?

Accepted Answer

A)  with the accumulation of data 
B)  with a testable hypothesis 
C)  with the identification of a control group 
D)  with anecdotal evidence 
A)  with the accumulation of data 
B)  with a testable hypothesis 
C)  with the identification of a control group 
D)  with anecdotal evidence

Question 17

Before a hypothesis is confirmed, results need to be replicated. What does replication mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  the evaluation of the results by peers in the scientific community 
B)  the statistical analysis of results 
C)  the application of results to the real world 
D)  the running of the same experimental procedure with a new group of research participants 
A)  the evaluation of the results by peers in the scientific community 
B)  the statistical analysis of results 
C)  the application of results to the real world 
D)  the running of the same experimental procedure with a new group of research participants

Question 18

Inferential statistics __________ while descriptive statistics __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  give measures of how confident the researchers can be in drawing conclusions based on the sample; summarize the data but do not draw conclusions 
B)  summarize the data but do not draw conclusions; give measures of how confident the researchers can be in drawing conclusions based on the sample 
C)  give measures of how confident the researchers can be proving their hypothesis; determine whether there was confirmation bias in the study 
D)  determine whether there was confirmation bias in the study; give measures of how confident the researchers can be proving their hypothesis 
A)  give measures of how confident the researchers can be in drawing conclusions based on the sample; summarize the data but do not draw conclusions 
B)  summarize the data but do not draw conclusions; give measures of how confident the researchers can be in drawing conclusions based on the sample 
C)  give measures of how confident the researchers can be proving their hypothesis; determine whether there was confirmation bias in the study 
D)  determine whether there was confirmation bias in the study; give measures of how confident the researchers can be proving their hypothesis

Question 19

Inferential statistics refer to procedures for __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  examining data that give measures of how confident the researchers can be in drawing conclusions based on the sample 
B)  examining data that only summarize the data but do not draw conclusions 
C)  examining data that give measures of how confident the researchers can be proving their hypothesis 
D)  determining whether there was confirmation bias in the study 
A)  examining data that give measures of how confident the researchers can be in drawing conclusions based on the sample 
B)  examining data that only summarize the data but do not draw conclusions 
C)  examining data that give measures of how confident the researchers can be proving their hypothesis 
D)  determining whether there was confirmation bias in the study

Question 20

A random sample is one in which __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  every member of the population has an equal chance of being picked 
B)  every member of the population is picked 
C)  some members of the population are more likely than others to be picked 
D)  the population is selected randomly 
A)  every member of the population has an equal chance of being picked 
B)  every member of the population is picked 
C)  some members of the population are more likely than others to be picked 
D)  the population is selected randomly

Publication of studies in psychology has all of the following functions except __________.

A critical difference between quasi-experimental/correlational investigations and experiments is that only __________.

Which is of the following is a valid reason that scientists refuse to draw conclusions based on anecdotal evidence?

The purpose of informed consent is to tell participants __________.

Scientists refer to the situation in which there exists a possibility that another factor, different from the dependent and independent variables, may cause changes in both variables as __________.

What is the primary purpose of random assignment?

Marie analyzes her data and obtains a p-value of 0.001. She can conclude that __________.

The variability of one's data set refers to the __________.

A study is considered internally valid if __________.

Disconfirmation of a hypothesis __________.

The difference between common sense and science is that __________.

Which of the following is not a measure of the central tendency of the data?

Jarod is in the beginning stages of developing his experiment. According to the scientific method, where should he begin?

Before a hypothesis is confirmed, results need to be replicated. What does replication mean?

Inferential statistics while descriptive statistics .

Inferential statistics refer to procedures for __________.

A random sample is one in which __________.

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Exam 1: Research Methods

Publication of studies in psychology has all of the following functions except __________.

A critical difference between quasi-experimental/correlational investigations and experiments is that only __________.

Which is of the following is a valid reason that scientists refuse to draw conclusions based on anecdotal evidence?

The purpose of informed consent is to tell participants __________.

Scientists refer to the situation in which there exists a possibility that another factor, different from the dependent and independent variables, may cause changes in both variables as __________.

What is the primary purpose of random assignment?

Marie analyzes her data and obtains a p-value of 0.001. She can conclude that __________.

The variability of one's data set refers to the __________.

A study is considered internally valid if __________.

Disconfirmation of a hypothesis __________.

The difference between common sense and science is that __________.

Which of the following is not a measure of the central tendency of the data?

Jarod is in the beginning stages of developing his experiment. According to the scientific method, where should he begin?

Before a hypothesis is confirmed, results need to be replicated. What does replication mean?

Inferential statistics __________ while descriptive statistics __________.

Inferential statistics refer to procedures for __________.

A random sample is one in which __________.

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Inferential statistics while descriptive statistics .