Question 1

Which of the following psychologists is most likely to endorse the notion that language influences thought?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dr. Armitage, who studies sensation and perception 
B)  Dr. Brown, who studies memory 
C)  Dr. Clinton, a biopsychologist 
D)  Dr. DeJong, a cross-cultural psychologist 
A)  Dr. Armitage, who studies sensation and perception 
B)  Dr. Brown, who studies memory 
C)  Dr. Clinton, a biopsychologist 
D)  Dr. DeJong, a cross-cultural psychologist

Question 2

Babies who had heard only English or French listened to a recording of a German mother suddenly speaking in tones of disapproval. How did the babies react?

Accepted Answer

A)  They had no reaction to any sort of tone. 
B)  They had no reaction to tones of disapproval, but when the tone suggested approval, they paid sudden attention. 
C)  They paid immediate attention. 
D)  They crawled in the direction of the voice. 
A)  They had no reaction to any sort of tone. 
B)  They had no reaction to tones of disapproval, but when the tone suggested approval, they paid sudden attention. 
C)  They paid immediate attention. 
D)  They crawled in the direction of the voice.

Question 3

Your text describes a habituation study exploring 5-month-olds' ability to distinguish between tightly fitting and loosely fitting. Which of the following alternatives best describes the results of the study and their relevance to the Whorfian hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The infants could not distinguish between tightly fitting and loosely fitting, contradicting the Whorfian hypothesis. 
B)  The infants could distinguish between tightly fitting and loosely fitting, suggesting that it is not our language that creates sensitivity to this distinction. 
C)  The infants could distinguish between tightly fitting and loosely fitting, supporting the Whorfian hypothesis. 
D)  The infants could not distinguish between tightly fitting and loosely fitting, supporting the Whorfian hypothesis. 
A)  The infants could not distinguish between tightly fitting and loosely fitting, contradicting the Whorfian hypothesis. 
B)  The infants could distinguish between tightly fitting and loosely fitting, suggesting that it is not our language that creates sensitivity to this distinction. 
C)  The infants could distinguish between tightly fitting and loosely fitting, supporting the Whorfian hypothesis. 
D)  The infants could not distinguish between tightly fitting and loosely fitting, supporting the Whorfian hypothesis.

Question 4

Morphemes are to phonemes as meanings are to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sounds 
B)  words 
C)  structural principles 
D)  syntax 
A)  sounds 
B)  words 
C)  structural principles 
D)  syntax

Question 5

As compared to monolingual children, bilingual children display __________ comprehension of garden path sentences because __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  better; they have greater cognitive flexibility 
B)  better; they have a higher memory capacity 
C)  worse; they are subject to more interference in memory 
D)  worse; their syntactic sophistication is lower 
A)  better; they have greater cognitive flexibility 
B)  better; they have a higher memory capacity 
C)  worse; they are subject to more interference in memory 
D)  worse; their syntactic sophistication is lower

Question 6

Linguists often use a diagram to depict the partitioning of a sentence. What is this tree diagram formally known as?

Accepted Answer

A)  a branching tree structure 
B)  a phrase structure description 
C)  a structural representation of a sentence 
D)  a representational diagram 
A)  a branching tree structure 
B)  a phrase structure description 
C)  a structural representation of a sentence 
D)  a representational diagram

Question 7

Which of the following statements BEST expresses both the speed and accuracy of language comprehension?

Accepted Answer

A)  Language comprehension takes place rather slowly to prevent errors. 
B)  Language comprehension is both slow and error-prone. 
C)  Language comprehension occurs rapidly and is therefore quite prone to error. 
D)  Language comprehension occurs rapidly; therefore, errors occur now and then. 
A)  Language comprehension takes place rather slowly to prevent errors. 
B)  Language comprehension is both slow and error-prone. 
C)  Language comprehension occurs rapidly and is therefore quite prone to error. 
D)  Language comprehension occurs rapidly; therefore, errors occur now and then.

Question 8

Which of the following is true according to recent research on human speech?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans do not show species-specific behavior relevant to speech. 
B)  Deaf children cannot benefit from language training after they are 4 years old. 
C)  There is a sensitive period for language acquisition in humans. 
D)  Overall, second-language learning is far more difficult for children than for adults. 
A)  Humans do not show species-specific behavior relevant to speech. 
B)  Deaf children cannot benefit from language training after they are 4 years old. 
C)  There is a sensitive period for language acquisition in humans. 
D)  Overall, second-language learning is far more difficult for children than for adults.

Question 9

Which of the following levels is NOT mentioned in your text as a level at which ambiguity can occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  syntactic 
B)  phonological 
C)  morphemic 
D)  semantic 
A)  syntactic 
B)  phonological 
C)  morphemic 
D)  semantic

Question 10

The word cowboys contains __________ morphemes.

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  seven 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  seven

Question 11

Participants view a scene in which there are two napkins and a box. A frog sits on one of the napkins. The participants are instructed: "Put the frog on the napkin into the box." How do participants generally interpret this instruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their first thought is to put the frog into the box. 
B)  Their first thought is to put the napkin into the box. 
C)  Their first thought is to put the frog on the empty napkin. 
D)  Their first thought is to take the frog from the napkin it sits on and place it on the empty napkin. 
A)  Their first thought is to put the frog into the box. 
B)  Their first thought is to put the napkin into the box. 
C)  Their first thought is to put the frog on the empty napkin. 
D)  Their first thought is to take the frog from the napkin it sits on and place it on the empty napkin.

Question 12

Which of the following alternatives CORRECTLY pairs a disorder with its description?

Accepted Answer

A)  aphasia-an inherited syndrome involving slow language learning 
B)  aphasia-mental retardation with spared language abilities 
C)  Williams syndrome-left-hemisphere damage producing speech and language deficits 
D)  Williams syndrome-mental retardation with spared language abilities 
A)  aphasia-an inherited syndrome involving slow language learning 
B)  aphasia-mental retardation with spared language abilities 
C)  Williams syndrome-left-hemisphere damage producing speech and language deficits 
D)  Williams syndrome-mental retardation with spared language abilities

Question 13

Which of the following research findings is inconsistent with Whorf's hypothesis about the relationship between language and thought?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Dani people of New Guinea have only two color names, but they tend to agree with American observers about which colors are particularly good examples of their categories. 
B)  The Mayan people who speak Tzeltal have no language labels for "left of " or "right of," nor do they distinguish between mirror images. 
C)  The Australian people who speak Guugu Yimithrr only speak of objects as positioned north, south, east, or west of other objects, and they regard layouts of objects as similar only if they are aligned in these ways. 
D)  Color labels seem to have some effect on left-hemisphere processing. 
A)  The Dani people of New Guinea have only two color names, but they tend to agree with American observers about which colors are particularly good examples of their categories. 
B)  The Mayan people who speak Tzeltal have no language labels for "left of " or "right of," nor do they distinguish between mirror images. 
C)  The Australian people who speak Guugu Yimithrr only speak of objects as positioned north, south, east, or west of other objects, and they regard layouts of objects as similar only if they are aligned in these ways. 
D)  Color labels seem to have some effect on left-hemisphere processing.

Question 14

What is true of the prototype theory of meaning?

Accepted Answer

A)  A prototype embodies the single feature that is necessary and sufficient to define something as a member of a class. 
B)  A prototype embodies many but not necessarily all of the features that characterize a class. 
C)  A prototype allows us to form a mental image of all of the features necessary to characterize a class. 
D)  A prototype is an internal representation of all of the features necessary to characterize a class. 
A)  A prototype embodies the single feature that is necessary and sufficient to define something as a member of a class. 
B)  A prototype embodies many but not necessarily all of the features that characterize a class. 
C)  A prototype allows us to form a mental image of all of the features necessary to characterize a class. 
D)  A prototype is an internal representation of all of the features necessary to characterize a class.

Question 15

Which of the following alternatives CORRECTLY pairs a disorder with an example?

Accepted Answer

A)  specific language impairment-Norbert suffered a stroke in his left frontal lobe and now has trouble producing speech. 
B)  specific language impairment-Meena has difficulty learning language. Her intelligence, however, is normal. 
C)  Williams syndrome-Ossie damaged his left temporal lobe in an accident and produces fluent but nonsensical speech 
D)  Williams syndrome-Pedro does well on IQ tests, but he struggles with language comprehension. 
A)  specific language impairment-Norbert suffered a stroke in his left frontal lobe and now has trouble producing speech. 
B)  specific language impairment-Meena has difficulty learning language. Her intelligence, however, is normal. 
C)  Williams syndrome-Ossie damaged his left temporal lobe in an accident and produces fluent but nonsensical speech 
D)  Williams syndrome-Pedro does well on IQ tests, but he struggles with language comprehension.

Question 16

Dr. Finlay records brain activation when participants view either nouns or verbs presented on a computer screen. Based on your knowledge of the brain and your text's discussion or word meaning in the language chapter, what do you think she'll find?

Accepted Answer

A)  The same areas in the left hemisphere will be active when participants view nouns as when they view verbs. 
B)  The same areas in the right hemisphere will be active when participants view nouns as when they view verbs. 
C)  Different areas in the left hemisphere will be active when participants view nouns on the one hand, and when they view verbs on the other. 
D)  Areas in the right hemisphere will be active when participants view nouns, but areas in the left hemisphere will be active when they view verbs. 
A)  The same areas in the left hemisphere will be active when participants view nouns as when they view verbs. 
B)  The same areas in the right hemisphere will be active when participants view nouns as when they view verbs. 
C)  Different areas in the left hemisphere will be active when participants view nouns on the one hand, and when they view verbs on the other. 
D)  Areas in the right hemisphere will be active when participants view nouns, but areas in the left hemisphere will be active when they view verbs.

Question 17

When a child says something like "My teacher holded the rabbit," she is making what sort of error?

Accepted Answer

A)  overgeneralization 
B)  overregularization 
C)  overextension 
D)  oversemanticizing 
A)  overgeneralization 
B)  overregularization 
C)  overextension 
D)  oversemanticizing

Question 18

Case markers indicate __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a word's part of speech 
B)  the predicate of a sentence 
C)  the subject of a sentence 
D)  a word's semantic role in a sentence 
A)  a word's part of speech 
B)  the predicate of a sentence 
C)  the subject of a sentence 
D)  a word's semantic role in a sentence

Question 19

Which of the following alternatives best describes the language acquisition capabilities of so-called wild children, such as Kamala and Amala?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wild children cannot learn to speak at all. 
B)  Wild children can generally acquire a vocabulary of several hundred words, as well as some rudimentary syntax. 
C)  Most eventually acquired adult-like capabilities in the local language. 
D)  Some wild children could learn to speak a few words. 
A)  Wild children cannot learn to speak at all. 
B)  Wild children can generally acquire a vocabulary of several hundred words, as well as some rudimentary syntax. 
C)  Most eventually acquired adult-like capabilities in the local language. 
D)  Some wild children could learn to speak a few words.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a situation in which we would use a complex sentence?

Accepted Answer

A)  when we wish to relate one proposition to another 
B)  when we wish to report "who did what to whom" 
C)  when we wish to ask a question or issue a command 
D)  when we wish to express our attitudes or beliefs 
A)  when we wish to relate one proposition to another 
B)  when we wish to report "who did what to whom" 
C)  when we wish to ask a question or issue a command 
D)  when we wish to express our attitudes or beliefs

Which of the following psychologists is most likely to endorse the notion that language influences thought?

Babies who had heard only English or French listened to a recording of a German mother suddenly speaking in tones of disapproval. How did the babies react?

Your text describes a habituation study exploring 5-month-olds' ability to distinguish between tightly fitting and loosely fitting. Which of the following alternatives best describes the results of the study and their relevance to the Whorfian hypothesis?

Morphemes are to phonemes as meanings are to __________.

As compared to monolingual children, bilingual children display comprehension of garden path sentences because .

Linguists often use a diagram to depict the partitioning of a sentence. What is this tree diagram formally known as?

Which of the following statements BEST expresses both the speed and accuracy of language comprehension?

Which of the following is true according to recent research on human speech?

Which of the following levels is NOT mentioned in your text as a level at which ambiguity can occur?

The word cowboys contains __________ morphemes.

Participants view a scene in which there are two napkins and a box. A frog sits on one of the napkins. The participants are instructed: "Put the frog on the napkin into the box." How do participants generally interpret this instruction?

Which of the following alternatives CORRECTLY pairs a disorder with its description?

Which of the following research findings is inconsistent with Whorf's hypothesis about the relationship between language and thought?

What is true of the prototype theory of meaning?

Which of the following alternatives CORRECTLY pairs a disorder with an example?

Dr. Finlay records brain activation when participants view either nouns or verbs presented on a computer screen. Based on your knowledge of the brain and your text's discussion or word meaning in the language chapter, what do you think she'll find?

When a child says something like "My teacher holded the rabbit," she is making what sort of error?

Case markers indicate __________.

Which of the following alternatives best describes the language acquisition capabilities of so-called wild children, such as Kamala and Amala?

Which of the following is NOT a situation in which we would use a complex sentence?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Exam 10: Language

Which of the following psychologists is most likely to endorse the notion that language influences thought?

Babies who had heard only English or French listened to a recording of a German mother suddenly speaking in tones of disapproval. How did the babies react?

Your text describes a habituation study exploring 5-month-olds' ability to distinguish between tightly fitting and loosely fitting. Which of the following alternatives best describes the results of the study and their relevance to the Whorfian hypothesis?

Morphemes are to phonemes as meanings are to __________.

As compared to monolingual children, bilingual children display __________ comprehension of garden path sentences because __________.

Linguists often use a diagram to depict the partitioning of a sentence. What is this tree diagram formally known as?

Which of the following statements BEST expresses both the speed and accuracy of language comprehension?

Which of the following is true according to recent research on human speech?

Which of the following levels is NOT mentioned in your text as a level at which ambiguity can occur?

The word cowboys contains __________ morphemes.

Participants view a scene in which there are two napkins and a box. A frog sits on one of the napkins. The participants are instructed: "Put the frog on the napkin into the box." How do participants generally interpret this instruction?

Which of the following alternatives CORRECTLY pairs a disorder with its description?

Which of the following research findings is inconsistent with Whorf's hypothesis about the relationship between language and thought?

What is true of the prototype theory of meaning?

Which of the following alternatives CORRECTLY pairs a disorder with an example?

Dr. Finlay records brain activation when participants view either nouns or verbs presented on a computer screen. Based on your knowledge of the brain and your text's discussion or word meaning in the language chapter, what do you think she'll find?

When a child says something like "My teacher holded the rabbit," she is making what sort of error?

Case markers indicate __________.

Which of the following alternatives best describes the language acquisition capabilities of so-called wild children, such as Kamala and Amala?

Which of the following is NOT a situation in which we would use a complex sentence?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

As compared to monolingual children, bilingual children display comprehension of garden path sentences because .