Question 1

The smooth, colored, and circular muscle surrounding the papillary opening is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cochlea 
B)  fovea 
C)  iris 
D)  blind spot 
A)  cochlea 
B)  fovea 
C)  iris 
D)  blind spot

Question 2

In what order does visual information travel on the way to the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  receptors $\rightarrow$ ganglion cells $\rightarrow$ bipolar cells 
B)  receptors $\rightarrow$ bipolar cells $\rightarrow$ ganglion cells 
C)  bipolar cells $\rightarrow$ ganglion cells $\rightarrow$ receptors 
D)  bipolar cells $\rightarrow$ receptors $\rightarrow$ ganglion cells 
A)  receptors $\rightarrow$ ganglion cells $\rightarrow$ bipolar cells 
B)  receptors $\rightarrow$ bipolar cells $\rightarrow$ ganglion cells 
C)  bipolar cells $\rightarrow$ ganglion cells $\rightarrow$ receptors 
D)  bipolar cells $\rightarrow$ receptors $\rightarrow$ ganglion cells

Question 3

A certain species of rodent can just tell the difference between plain water and water that contains 1 gram of salt per liter of water (a 1% solution). What does this best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  an Applied of Fechner's law 
B)  the constancy of the Weber fraction 
C)  an exception to the rules of signal detection 
D)  the difference threshold for this particular rodent 
A)  an Applied of Fechner's law 
B)  the constancy of the Weber fraction 
C)  an exception to the rules of signal detection 
D)  the difference threshold for this particular rodent

Question 4

You are working out and you adjust the difficulty program on your elliptical machine. You raise the "slope" to make the workout harder. A psychophysicist would call the minimal amount you need to make this adjustment in order to detect a change in the intensity of the stimulus the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decision criterion 
B)  false alarm 
C)  Weber fraction 
D)  just-noticeable difference 
A)  decision criterion 
B)  false alarm 
C)  Weber fraction 
D)  just-noticeable difference

Question 5

How do we perceive light with a wavelength that is longer than 750 nanometers?

Accepted Answer

A)  as green 
B)  as invisible 
C)  as the color red 
D)  as a mixed color of light 
A)  as green 
B)  as invisible 
C)  as the color red 
D)  as a mixed color of light

Question 6

Televisions are designed in a way that is consistent with the Young-Helmholtz theory of color vision. Specifically, a television image is composed of small dots of color that seem to blend together to form visual images in a variety of colors. What colors are these dots made up of?

Accepted Answer

A)  red, green, and blue 
B)  red, yellow, and blue 
C)  red, green, yellow, and blue 
D)  red, green, yellow, blue, and black 
A)  red, green, and blue 
B)  red, yellow, and blue 
C)  red, green, yellow, and blue 
D)  red, green, yellow, blue, and black

Question 7

A physical stimulus creates a sensory impression by getting converted into a neural signal. This conversion is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  transduction 
B)  sensory coding 
C)  kinesthesis 
D)  signal detection 
A)  transduction 
B)  sensory coding 
C)  kinesthesis 
D)  signal detection

Question 8

Imagine that you are using an electrophysiological recording procedure to investigate the functioning of a monkey's visual system. You are LEAST LIKELY to locate cortical cells that respond optimally to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  lines of specific orientation 
B)  objects that move in specific directions 
C)  images of monkey hands 
D)  images of tree branches 
A)  lines of specific orientation 
B)  objects that move in specific directions 
C)  images of monkey hands 
D)  images of tree branches

Question 9

Photoreceptors are typically found on the __________ in most __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lens; invertebrates 
B)  iris; mammals 
C)  retina; vertebrates 
D)  cornea; humans 
A)  lens; invertebrates 
B)  iris; mammals 
C)  retina; vertebrates 
D)  cornea; humans

Question 10

What is the unit of measurement of the amplitude (or intensity) of a sound?

Accepted Answer

A)  hertz 
B)  wavelengths 
C)  decibels 
D)  cycles per second 
A)  hertz 
B)  wavelengths 
C)  decibels 
D)  cycles per second

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why humans can detect over 10,000 different scents when they typically only have 1,000 olfactory receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each receptor detects 10 or more individual scents. 
B)  More than one receptor may be stimulated by an odorant, resulting in a unique pattern of receptors stimulated for each smell. 
C)  Humans think they can smell 10,000 different odors, but in reality we cannot. 
D)  Only one receptor may be stimulated by an odorant, but it can be stimulated many times or just once, resulting in different qualities of smells. 
A)  Each receptor detects 10 or more individual scents. 
B)  More than one receptor may be stimulated by an odorant, resulting in a unique pattern of receptors stimulated for each smell. 
C)  Humans think they can smell 10,000 different odors, but in reality we cannot. 
D)  Only one receptor may be stimulated by an odorant, but it can be stimulated many times or just once, resulting in different qualities of smells.

Question 12

What does the opponent-process theory explain that the Young-Helmholtz theory cannot?

Accepted Answer

A)  how many color receptors humans have 
B)  how we discriminate between lights of different wavelengths 
C)  phenomena that occur with regard to complementary color pairs (e.g., negative afterimages) 
D)  the blind spot 
A)  how many color receptors humans have 
B)  how we discriminate between lights of different wavelengths 
C)  phenomena that occur with regard to complementary color pairs (e.g., negative afterimages) 
D)  the blind spot

Question 13

In the Hubel and Wiesel study, what type of stimuli caused the cat's feature detectors to respond optimally?

Accepted Answer

A)  small, dark objects that moved like bugs 
B)  chromatic changes in visual stimuli 
C)  visual images at specific brightness levels 
D)  lines at specific orientations 
A)  small, dark objects that moved like bugs 
B)  chromatic changes in visual stimuli 
C)  visual images at specific brightness levels 
D)  lines at specific orientations

Question 14

Which of the following is characteristic for peripheral vision in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  We are relatively "color-blind" in our visual periphery. 
B)  We perceive color best in our visual periphery. 
C)  Humans cannot perceive depth or movement in their visual periphery. 
D)  Humans can perceive depth, but not movement, in their visual periphery. 
A)  We are relatively "color-blind" in our visual periphery. 
B)  We perceive color best in our visual periphery. 
C)  Humans cannot perceive depth or movement in their visual periphery. 
D)  Humans can perceive depth, but not movement, in their visual periphery.

Question 15

What is a unique green?

Accepted Answer

A)  a color that has a wavelength of about 500 nanometers 
B)  a color that distinguishes itself by its blue-green hue 
C)  a color with a low-saturation level 
D)  a green color that is very difficult to replicate 
A)  a color that has a wavelength of about 500 nanometers 
B)  a color that distinguishes itself by its blue-green hue 
C)  a color with a low-saturation level 
D)  a green color that is very difficult to replicate

Question 16

Joan's pupil appears to get larger and then smaller as she moves from room to room. This change in size is caused by changes in the __________ and is due to changes in __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fovea; size of her visual field 
B)  rods and cones; changing visual stimuli 
C)  pupillary opening; changes from monocular to dichromatic light 
D)  iris; amount of incoming light 
A)  fovea; size of her visual field 
B)  rods and cones; changing visual stimuli 
C)  pupillary opening; changes from monocular to dichromatic light 
D)  iris; amount of incoming light

Question 17

In which of the following ways do rods and cones differ?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have different shapes. 
B)  Cones are more plentiful in the fovea. 
C)  Rods operate at low light intensities. 
D)  All of the above answers are correct. 
A)  They have different shapes. 
B)  Cones are more plentiful in the fovea. 
C)  Rods operate at low light intensities. 
D)  All of the above answers are correct.

Question 18

Why do we have lower acuity in very dim light?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cones, which provide better acuity, are not sensitive to dim light. 
B)  Lateral inhibition is activated in very dim light. 
C)  Opponent processes cannot operate at low levels of light. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  The cones, which provide better acuity, are not sensitive to dim light. 
B)  Lateral inhibition is activated in very dim light. 
C)  Opponent processes cannot operate at low levels of light. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 19

The visual system sharpens fuzzy boundaries by creating sharp boundaries where physically none is present. What is this effect exemplified by?

Accepted Answer

A)  brightness contrast 
B)  the stabilized image 
C)  mach bands 
D)  both a and c 
A)  brightness contrast 
B)  the stabilized image 
C)  mach bands 
D)  both a and c

Question 20

How many different kinds of taste receptors are there?

Accepted Answer

A)  four, but they can occur in many combinations 
B)  five in childhood; four in adulthood 
C)  five primary tastes 
D)  over 1,000, and they can fire in various combinations to create unlimited tastes 
A)  four, but they can occur in many combinations 
B)  five in childhood; four in adulthood 
C)  five primary tastes 
D)  over 1,000, and they can fire in various combinations to create unlimited tastes

The smooth, colored, and circular muscle surrounding the papillary opening is called the __________.

In what order does visual information travel on the way to the brain?

A certain species of rodent can just tell the difference between plain water and water that contains 1 gram of salt per liter of water (a 1% solution). What does this best illustrate?

You are working out and you adjust the difficulty program on your elliptical machine. You raise the "slope" to make the workout harder. A psychophysicist would call the minimal amount you need to make this adjustment in order to detect a change in the intensity of the stimulus the __________.

How do we perceive light with a wavelength that is longer than 750 nanometers?

Televisions are designed in a way that is consistent with the Young-Helmholtz theory of color vision. Specifically, a television image is composed of small dots of color that seem to blend together to form visual images in a variety of colors. What colors are these dots made up of?

A physical stimulus creates a sensory impression by getting converted into a neural signal. This conversion is called __________.

Imagine that you are using an electrophysiological recording procedure to investigate the functioning of a monkey's visual system. You are LEAST LIKELY to locate cortical cells that respond optimally to which of the following?

Photoreceptors are typically found on the in most .

What is the unit of measurement of the amplitude (or intensity) of a sound?

Which of the following best explains why humans can detect over 10,000 different scents when they typically only have 1,000 olfactory receptors?

What does the opponent-process theory explain that the Young-Helmholtz theory cannot?

In the Hubel and Wiesel study, what type of stimuli caused the cat's feature detectors to respond optimally?

Which of the following is characteristic for peripheral vision in humans?

What is a unique green?

Joan's pupil appears to get larger and then smaller as she moves from room to room. This change in size is caused by changes in the and is due to changes in .

In which of the following ways do rods and cones differ?

Why do we have lower acuity in very dim light?

The visual system sharpens fuzzy boundaries by creating sharp boundaries where physically none is present. What is this effect exemplified by?

How many different kinds of taste receptors are there?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Exam 4: Sensation

The smooth, colored, and circular muscle surrounding the papillary opening is called the __________.

In what order does visual information travel on the way to the brain?

A certain species of rodent can just tell the difference between plain water and water that contains 1 gram of salt per liter of water (a 1% solution). What does this best illustrate?

You are working out and you adjust the difficulty program on your elliptical machine. You raise the "slope" to make the workout harder. A psychophysicist would call the minimal amount you need to make this adjustment in order to detect a change in the intensity of the stimulus the __________.

How do we perceive light with a wavelength that is longer than 750 nanometers?

Televisions are designed in a way that is consistent with the Young-Helmholtz theory of color vision. Specifically, a television image is composed of small dots of color that seem to blend together to form visual images in a variety of colors. What colors are these dots made up of?

A physical stimulus creates a sensory impression by getting converted into a neural signal. This conversion is called __________.

Imagine that you are using an electrophysiological recording procedure to investigate the functioning of a monkey's visual system. You are LEAST LIKELY to locate cortical cells that respond optimally to which of the following?

Photoreceptors are typically found on the __________ in most __________.

What is the unit of measurement of the amplitude (or intensity) of a sound?

Which of the following best explains why humans can detect over 10,000 different scents when they typically only have 1,000 olfactory receptors?

What does the opponent-process theory explain that the Young-Helmholtz theory cannot?

In the Hubel and Wiesel study, what type of stimuli caused the cat's feature detectors to respond optimally?

Which of the following is characteristic for peripheral vision in humans?

What is a unique green?

Joan's pupil appears to get larger and then smaller as she moves from room to room. This change in size is caused by changes in the __________ and is due to changes in __________.

In which of the following ways do rods and cones differ?

Why do we have lower acuity in very dim light?

The visual system sharpens fuzzy boundaries by creating sharp boundaries where physically none is present. What is this effect exemplified by?

How many different kinds of taste receptors are there?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Photoreceptors are typically found on the in most .

Joan's pupil appears to get larger and then smaller as she moves from room to room. This change in size is caused by changes in the and is due to changes in .