Question 1

Conditioned taste aversion refers to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  learning to associate a taste with a fattening food, and learning to avoid it 
B)  learning to associate a taste with illness, and thus avoiding that taste 
C)  avoiding foods that are likely to be poisonous; this is an innate ability 
D)  avoiding foods that are likely to be repulsive, such as bitter foods 
A)  learning to associate a taste with a fattening food, and learning to avoid it 
B)  learning to associate a taste with illness, and thus avoiding that taste 
C)  avoiding foods that are likely to be poisonous; this is an innate ability 
D)  avoiding foods that are likely to be repulsive, such as bitter foods

Question 2

To what does transduction refer?

Accepted Answer

A)  the point at which a proximal sensory stimulus impinges on the organism 
B)  the conversion of a physical stimulus into a neural signal 
C)  the psychological sensation associated with a stimulus 
D)  the electrical activity in the cerebral cortex associated with the perception of a stimulus 
A)  the point at which a proximal sensory stimulus impinges on the organism 
B)  the conversion of a physical stimulus into a neural signal 
C)  the psychological sensation associated with a stimulus 
D)  the electrical activity in the cerebral cortex associated with the perception of a stimulus

Question 3

Which of the following represents a real-life example of a "miss" in a signal-detection experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  A jury fails to convict a guilty person. 
B)  A jury wrongly convicts an innocent person. 
C)  A jury acquits an innocent person. 
D)  A jury convicts a guilty person. 
A)  A jury fails to convict a guilty person. 
B)  A jury wrongly convicts an innocent person. 
C)  A jury acquits an innocent person. 
D)  A jury convicts a guilty person.

Question 4

Assume that an experiment has determined that, for monkeys, the Weber fraction for vision is 1/25 while that for audition is 1/5. What does this tell us?

Accepted Answer

A)  The monkey can make finer visual discriminations than auditory discriminations. 
B)  The monkey can make finer auditory discriminations than visual discriminations. 
C)  Over the range of perceptible stimuli, the monkey's visual sense is as keen as its auditory sense. 
D)  An auditory stimulus is perceived as being five times as intense as a visual stimulus. 
A)  The monkey can make finer visual discriminations than auditory discriminations. 
B)  The monkey can make finer auditory discriminations than visual discriminations. 
C)  Over the range of perceptible stimuli, the monkey's visual sense is as keen as its auditory sense. 
D)  An auditory stimulus is perceived as being five times as intense as a visual stimulus.

Question 5

What are the primary "ingredients" from which complicated sounds are produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  sine waves 
B)  decibels 
C)  synthetic components 
D)  20 to 20,000 hertz 
A)  sine waves 
B)  decibels 
C)  synthetic components 
D)  20 to 20,000 hertz

Question 6

According to the opponent-process theory, there are three cone types whose output is recoded into a total of __________ chromatic/achromatic color qualities, which are organized into __________ opponent-process pairs.

Accepted Answer

A)  three; three 
B)  four; two 
C)  six; two 
D)  six; three 
A)  three; three 
B)  four; two 
C)  six; two 
D)  six; three

Question 7

The eardrum is __________ the oval window, which causes vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea. This is biologically adaptive because it __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  20 times smaller than; protects the eardrum from excess pressure 
B)  20 times larger than; amplifies the physical stimulus 
C)  roughly the same size as; transmits the appropriate proximal stimulus to the receptors 
D)  similar in shape to; transmits high-amplitude waveforms to the cochlea 
A)  20 times smaller than; protects the eardrum from excess pressure 
B)  20 times larger than; amplifies the physical stimulus 
C)  roughly the same size as; transmits the appropriate proximal stimulus to the receptors 
D)  similar in shape to; transmits high-amplitude waveforms to the cochlea

Question 8

Responding to any stimulus requires both __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  detection; the decision to report a response 
B)  conscious awareness; unconscious awareness 
C)  vision; audition 
D)  vision; kinesthesia 
A)  detection; the decision to report a response 
B)  conscious awareness; unconscious awareness 
C)  vision; audition 
D)  vision; kinesthesia

Question 9

The most common form of color blindness is a confusion of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reds and greens 
B)  blues and yellows 
C)  reds and yellows 
D)  blues and greens 
A)  reds and greens 
B)  blues and yellows 
C)  reds and yellows 
D)  blues and greens

Question 10

Timbre refers to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the pitch that an instrument plays when you try to play a particular note 
B)  the unique sound quality that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another 
C)  the frequency of sound to which a particular neuron fires 
D)  how high or low a sound is perceived 
A)  the pitch that an instrument plays when you try to play a particular note 
B)  the unique sound quality that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another 
C)  the frequency of sound to which a particular neuron fires 
D)  how high or low a sound is perceived

Question 11

Where are the auditory receptors located?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the eardrum 
B)  in the ossicles 
C)  in the auditory canal 
D)  in the cochlea 
A)  in the eardrum 
B)  in the ossicles 
C)  in the auditory canal 
D)  in the cochlea

Question 12

The detection of the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints, which tell us the position and motion of our own bodies, is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  touch 
B)  kinesethesis 
C)  pressure 
D)  transduction 
A)  touch 
B)  kinesethesis 
C)  pressure 
D)  transduction

Question 13

Which law or theory is supported by the fact that different frequencies of sound waves maximally deform different parts of the basilar membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  opponent-process theory 
B)  impulse frequency theory 
C)  place theory 
D)  the all-or-none law 
A)  opponent-process theory 
B)  impulse frequency theory 
C)  place theory 
D)  the all-or-none law

Question 14

In the equation   , what does the ΔI represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  the intensity of the standard stimulus 
B)  the change or amount that must be added to the standard intensity to produce a jnd 
C)  a constant 
D)  the changed stimulus 
A)  the intensity of the standard stimulus 
B)  the change or amount that must be added to the standard intensity to produce a jnd 
C)  a constant 
D)  the changed stimulus

Question 15

Where does most visual analysis occur in higher animals (e.g., cats and monkeys)?

Accepted Answer

A)  at the level of the receptors 
B)  at the level of the retina 
C)  at the level of the lateral nucleus 
D)  at the level of the visual cortex 
A)  at the level of the receptors 
B)  at the level of the retina 
C)  at the level of the lateral nucleus 
D)  at the level of the visual cortex

Question 16

What is true of signal-detection theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Signal-detection theory allows one to separate actual perceptual ability from response tendencies. 
B)  Signal-detection theory suggests that, for each participant, there exists a constant stimulus intensity corresponding to a zero stimulus. 
C)  Signal-detection theory suggests that perceived sensation occurs only in the presence of an external stimulus. 
D)  Signal-detection theory suggests that confusion about whether or not a stimulus has been presented is most likely to occur when the signal is much greater than the noise. 
A)  Signal-detection theory allows one to separate actual perceptual ability from response tendencies. 
B)  Signal-detection theory suggests that, for each participant, there exists a constant stimulus intensity corresponding to a zero stimulus. 
C)  Signal-detection theory suggests that perceived sensation occurs only in the presence of an external stimulus. 
D)  Signal-detection theory suggests that confusion about whether or not a stimulus has been presented is most likely to occur when the signal is much greater than the noise.

Question 17

What does signal-detection theory take into account that classical psychophysical theory did not?

Accepted Answer

A)  absolute and difference thresholds 
B)  sensitivity and response criterion 
C)  Weber's and Fechner's laws 
D)  transduction and detection 
A)  absolute and difference thresholds 
B)  sensitivity and response criterion 
C)  Weber's and Fechner's laws 
D)  transduction and detection

Question 18

The boundaries of the visual spectrum for humans are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  identical to most other organisms 
B)  representative of the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that most humans perceive 
C)  the physical limitations of visible light that an organism can perceive 
D)  identical to the boundaries found in mammals, but not insects 
A)  identical to most other organisms 
B)  representative of the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that most humans perceive 
C)  the physical limitations of visible light that an organism can perceive 
D)  identical to the boundaries found in mammals, but not insects

Question 19

Which of the following factors usually influence participants who take part in psychophysics experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitivity and mental fatigue 
B)  subjective evaluation and mental fatigue 
C)  subjective evaluation and generalization 
D)  expectations and perception of the payoff 
A)  sensitivity and mental fatigue 
B)  subjective evaluation and mental fatigue 
C)  subjective evaluation and generalization 
D)  expectations and perception of the payoff

Question 20

The last stop on the visual pathway, which begins with photoreceptors located on the retina, is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the optic nerve 
B)  the ganglion cells 
C)  the cortex 
D)  the fovea 
A)  the optic nerve 
B)  the ganglion cells 
C)  the cortex 
D)  the fovea

Conditioned taste aversion refers to __________.

To what does transduction refer?

Which of the following represents a real-life example of a "miss" in a signal-detection experiment?

Assume that an experiment has determined that, for monkeys, the Weber fraction for vision is 1/25 while that for audition is 1/5. What does this tell us?

What are the primary "ingredients" from which complicated sounds are produced?

According to the opponent-process theory, there are three cone types whose output is recoded into a total of chromatic/achromatic color qualities, which are organized into opponent-process pairs.

The eardrum is the oval window, which causes vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea. This is biologically adaptive because it .

Responding to any stimulus requires both and .

The most common form of color blindness is a confusion of __________.

Timbre refers to __________.

Where are the auditory receptors located?

The detection of the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints, which tell us the position and motion of our own bodies, is called __________.

Which law or theory is supported by the fact that different frequencies of sound waves maximally deform different parts of the basilar membrane?

In the equation , what does the ΔI represent?

Where does most visual analysis occur in higher animals (e.g., cats and monkeys)?

What is true of signal-detection theory?

What does signal-detection theory take into account that classical psychophysical theory did not?

The boundaries of the visual spectrum for humans are __________.

Which of the following factors usually influence participants who take part in psychophysics experiments?

The last stop on the visual pathway, which begins with photoreceptors located on the retina, is __________.

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Exam 4: Sensation

Conditioned taste aversion refers to __________.

To what does transduction refer?

Which of the following represents a real-life example of a "miss" in a signal-detection experiment?

Assume that an experiment has determined that, for monkeys, the Weber fraction for vision is 1/25 while that for audition is 1/5. What does this tell us?

What are the primary "ingredients" from which complicated sounds are produced?

According to the opponent-process theory, there are three cone types whose output is recoded into a total of __________ chromatic/achromatic color qualities, which are organized into __________ opponent-process pairs.

The eardrum is __________ the oval window, which causes vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea. This is biologically adaptive because it __________.

Responding to any stimulus requires both __________ and __________.

The most common form of color blindness is a confusion of __________.

Timbre refers to __________.

Where are the auditory receptors located?

The detection of the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints, which tell us the position and motion of our own bodies, is called __________.

Which law or theory is supported by the fact that different frequencies of sound waves maximally deform different parts of the basilar membrane?

In the equation , what does the ΔI represent?

Where does most visual analysis occur in higher animals (e.g., cats and monkeys)?

What is true of signal-detection theory?

What does signal-detection theory take into account that classical psychophysical theory did not?

The boundaries of the visual spectrum for humans are __________.

Which of the following factors usually influence participants who take part in psychophysics experiments?

The last stop on the visual pathway, which begins with photoreceptors located on the retina, is __________.

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

According to the opponent-process theory, there are three cone types whose output is recoded into a total of chromatic/achromatic color qualities, which are organized into opponent-process pairs.

The eardrum is the oval window, which causes vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea. This is biologically adaptive because it .

Responding to any stimulus requires both and .