Question 1

What are the odorants?

Accepted Answer

A)  the receptor neurons for smell 
B)  the receptors located in the olfactory epithelium 
C)  the molecules that produce a response in the olfactory receptors 
D)  the axons that deliver the smell signal to the brain 
A)  the receptor neurons for smell 
B)  the receptors located in the olfactory epithelium 
C)  the molecules that produce a response in the olfactory receptors 
D)  the axons that deliver the smell signal to the brain

Question 2

Which of the following is true regarding the distribution of rods and cones in the retina?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both rods and cones increase in density as one progresses from the fovea to the periphery. 
B)  Rods are most plentiful at the fovea, while cones are most plentiful at the periphery. 
C)  Both rods and cones are absent at the site where the optic nerve leaves the retina. 
D)  All of the above are true. 
A)  Both rods and cones increase in density as one progresses from the fovea to the periphery. 
B)  Rods are most plentiful at the fovea, while cones are most plentiful at the periphery. 
C)  Both rods and cones are absent at the site where the optic nerve leaves the retina. 
D)  All of the above are true.

Question 3

Which of the following is a transducer?

Accepted Answer

A)  the eardrum 
B)  the jnd 
C)  the hair cells 
D)  both a and c 
A)  the eardrum 
B)  the jnd 
C)  the hair cells 
D)  both a and c

Question 4

Which of the following is not an aspect of sensory coding?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory quality 
B)  psychological intensity 
C)  false alarms 
D)  transduction 
A)  sensory quality 
B)  psychological intensity 
C)  false alarms 
D)  transduction

Question 5

According to specificity theory, why does sugar taste sweet and vinegar taste sour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sugar and vinegar activate different neurons that carry the information to the brain. 
B)  The threshold for sour is lower than the threshold for sweet tastes. 
C)  The size of the jnd for sugar is smaller than that for vinegar. 
D)  Sugar and vinegar trigger different patterns of nerve impulses. 
A)  Sugar and vinegar activate different neurons that carry the information to the brain. 
B)  The threshold for sour is lower than the threshold for sweet tastes. 
C)  The size of the jnd for sugar is smaller than that for vinegar. 
D)  Sugar and vinegar trigger different patterns of nerve impulses.

Question 6

In vertebrates, light is detected by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  photoreceptors found on the retina 
B)  photoreceptors found within the ganglion cells 
C)  the lens, which transmits this information via ganglion cell to the brain 
D)  the lens, which then transmits this information to photoreceptors 
A)  photoreceptors found on the retina 
B)  photoreceptors found within the ganglion cells 
C)  the lens, which transmits this information via ganglion cell to the brain 
D)  the lens, which then transmits this information to photoreceptors

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of transduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sound waves in the air are translated into neural impulses. 
B)  A light touch on the arm is translated into neural impulses by sensory receptors in the skin. 
C)  Light energy is converted into neural impulses in the retina of the eye. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  Sound waves in the air are translated into neural impulses. 
B)  A light touch on the arm is translated into neural impulses by sensory receptors in the skin. 
C)  Light energy is converted into neural impulses in the retina of the eye. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 8

Some individuals with chronic pain use a type of therapy in which mild painful sensations are applied to another part of the body in an attempt to block the chronic pain. This is based on the concept of __________ and emerges from the __________ theory of pain.

Accepted Answer

A)  counterpain procedure; nocioception 
B)  nocioception; counterirritation 
C)  counterirritation; gate control 
D)  counterpain procedure; gate control 
A)  counterpain procedure; nocioception 
B)  nocioception; counterirritation 
C)  counterirritation; gate control 
D)  counterpain procedure; gate control

Question 9

Which of the following psychophysical techniques or concepts has been applied to studies of decision making in fields outside of traditional psychology, including criminal justice and medicine?

Accepted Answer

A)  signal detection 
B)  Fechner's law 
C)  the Weber fraction 
D)  the difference threshold 
A)  signal detection 
B)  Fechner's law 
C)  the Weber fraction 
D)  the difference threshold

Question 10

In vision, which neural links relay messages from the receptors to the optic nerve?

Accepted Answer

A)  the bipolar and ganglion cells 
B)  the rods and the cones 
C)  the retina and the lens 
D)  the retina and the cornea 
A)  the bipolar and ganglion cells 
B)  the rods and the cones 
C)  the retina and the lens 
D)  the retina and the cornea

Question 11

The detection of a pitch by the nervous system relies on __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the specific pattern of a single pitch 
B)  the preferred pitch or pitches to which it is tuned 
C)  the overall pattern or pattern code being detected 
D)  none of the above; pitch cannot be precisely detected 
A)  the specific pattern of a single pitch 
B)  the preferred pitch or pitches to which it is tuned 
C)  the overall pattern or pattern code being detected 
D)  none of the above; pitch cannot be precisely detected

Question 12

A woman is looking at a tree. What is the distal stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  the tree 
B)  the light waves reflected by the tree 
C)  the image cast by the tree on the woman's retina 
D)  the pattern of nerve impulses triggered by the retinal image and conducted by the optic nerve to the brain 
A)  the tree 
B)  the light waves reflected by the tree 
C)  the image cast by the tree on the woman's retina 
D)  the pattern of nerve impulses triggered by the retinal image and conducted by the optic nerve to the brain

Question 13

In signal-detection procedures, which of the following is a "false alarm"?

Accepted Answer

A)  A subject says "no target" when there was no target. 
B)  A subject says "no target" when there was a target. 
C)  A subject says "yes target" when there was no target. 
D)  A subject is supersensitive to stimuli of very minute intensities, such that, for instance, he can hear tones others cannot. 
A)  A subject says "no target" when there was no target. 
B)  A subject says "no target" when there was a target. 
C)  A subject says "yes target" when there was no target. 
D)  A subject is supersensitive to stimuli of very minute intensities, such that, for instance, he can hear tones others cannot.

Question 14

What physiological mechanism produces brightness contrast?

Accepted Answer

A)  mach bands 
B)  lateral inhibition 
C)  receptive field excitation 
D)  inhibition of ganglion cells by bipolar cells 
A)  mach bands 
B)  lateral inhibition 
C)  receptive field excitation 
D)  inhibition of ganglion cells by bipolar cells

Question 15

What is a distal stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  an object or event in the world 
B)  a pattern of activity in a sensory organ 
C)  an image on one's retina 
D)  a perceptual anomaly 
A)  an object or event in the world 
B)  a pattern of activity in a sensory organ 
C)  an image on one's retina 
D)  a perceptual anomaly

Question 16

Which factors did early psychophysicists believe to be unimportant when conducting psychophysics experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  the strength of the stimulus to be tested and the type of stimulus to be tested 
B)  subjective evaluation and mental fatigue 
C)  subjective evaluation and generalization 
D)  the participant's expectations and his or her perception of the payoff 
A)  the strength of the stimulus to be tested and the type of stimulus to be tested 
B)  subjective evaluation and mental fatigue 
C)  subjective evaluation and generalization 
D)  the participant's expectations and his or her perception of the payoff

Question 17

What are tastants?

Accepted Answer

A)  the receptors for gestation 
B)  the receptors on the tongue 
C)  the molecules carried by fluids that are perceived as taste 
D)  the molecules carried in the air that are perceived as taste 
A)  the receptors for gestation 
B)  the receptors on the tongue 
C)  the molecules carried by fluids that are perceived as taste 
D)  the molecules carried in the air that are perceived as taste

Question 18

Most people can just detect the difference between 5 spoonfuls of sugar in a gallon of water and 6 spoonfuls of sugar in a gallon of water. If Weber's law holds, these same people should be able to just tell the difference between 25 spoonfuls of sugar in a gallon of water and __________ spoonfuls of sugar in a gallon of water.

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  30 
C)  50 
D)  100 
A)  6 
B)  30 
C)  50 
D)  100

Question 19

There are approximately __________ olfactory receptor neurons.

Accepted Answer

A)  100,000 
B)  10 million 
C)  1 million 
D)  100,000 million 
A)  100,000 
B)  10 million 
C)  1 million 
D)  100,000 million

Question 20

Which of the tastes are most preferred by many animals, including humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  sweet 
B)  salty 
C)  sour 
D)  savory 
A)  sweet 
B)  salty 
C)  sour 
D)  savory

What are the odorants?

Which of the following is true regarding the distribution of rods and cones in the retina?

Which of the following is a transducer?

Which of the following is not an aspect of sensory coding?

According to specificity theory, why does sugar taste sweet and vinegar taste sour?

In vertebrates, light is detected by __________.

Which of the following is an example of transduction?

Some individuals with chronic pain use a type of therapy in which mild painful sensations are applied to another part of the body in an attempt to block the chronic pain. This is based on the concept of and emerges from the theory of pain.

Which of the following psychophysical techniques or concepts has been applied to studies of decision making in fields outside of traditional psychology, including criminal justice and medicine?

In vision, which neural links relay messages from the receptors to the optic nerve?

The detection of a pitch by the nervous system relies on __________.

A woman is looking at a tree. What is the distal stimulus?

In signal-detection procedures, which of the following is a "false alarm"?

What physiological mechanism produces brightness contrast?

What is a distal stimulus?

Which factors did early psychophysicists believe to be unimportant when conducting psychophysics experiments?

What are tastants?

There are approximately __________ olfactory receptor neurons.

Which of the tastes are most preferred by many animals, including humans?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Exam 4: Sensation

What are the odorants?

Which of the following is true regarding the distribution of rods and cones in the retina?

Which of the following is a transducer?

Which of the following is not an aspect of sensory coding?

According to specificity theory, why does sugar taste sweet and vinegar taste sour?

In vertebrates, light is detected by __________.

Which of the following is an example of transduction?

Some individuals with chronic pain use a type of therapy in which mild painful sensations are applied to another part of the body in an attempt to block the chronic pain. This is based on the concept of __________ and emerges from the __________ theory of pain.

Which of the following psychophysical techniques or concepts has been applied to studies of decision making in fields outside of traditional psychology, including criminal justice and medicine?

In vision, which neural links relay messages from the receptors to the optic nerve?

The detection of a pitch by the nervous system relies on __________.

A woman is looking at a tree. What is the distal stimulus?

In signal-detection procedures, which of the following is a "false alarm"?

What physiological mechanism produces brightness contrast?

What is a distal stimulus?

Which factors did early psychophysicists believe to be unimportant when conducting psychophysics experiments?

What are tastants?

There are approximately __________ olfactory receptor neurons.

Which of the tastes are most preferred by many animals, including humans?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Some individuals with chronic pain use a type of therapy in which mild painful sensations are applied to another part of the body in an attempt to block the chronic pain. This is based on the concept of and emerges from the theory of pain.