Question 1

What stimulates the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex?

Accepted Answer

A) the DRG when it is time to end inspiratory efforts 
B) the stretch of receptors at high lung volumes 
C) the VRG when it is time for inspiration 
D) very low lung volumes stimulate inspiration 
A) the DRG when it is time to end inspiratory efforts 
B) the stretch of receptors at high lung volumes 
C) the VRG when it is time for inspiration 
D) very low lung volumes stimulate inspiration

Question 2

In the face of hyperoxia, what is the response of the peripheral chemoreceptors to hypercapnia?

Accepted Answer

A) There is a decreased drive to breathe. 
B) There is an increased drive to breathe. 
C) There is insufficient information. 
D) There is virtually no response. 
A) There is a decreased drive to breathe. 
B) There is an increased drive to breathe. 
C) There is insufficient information. 
D) There is virtually no response.

Question 3

Which of the following is indirectly responsible for minute-to-minute control of breathing?

Accepted Answer

A) CO2 levels 
B) HCO3- levels 
C) lactate levels 
D) O2 levels 
A) CO2 levels 
B) HCO3- levels 
C) lactate levels 
D) O2 levels

Question 4

Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located?
I.in the arch of the aorta
II.in the bifurcations of carotid arteries
III.on the ventrolateral surfaces of the medulla

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 5

Biot's respiration is most frequently observed in patients with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) congestive heart failure 
B) increased intracranial pressure 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) peripheral nerve disorders 
A) congestive heart failure 
B) increased intracranial pressure 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) peripheral nerve disorders

Question 6

In patients with closed-head injuries, what may happen if the patient has hypercapnia?

Accepted Answer

A) High CO2 increases the risk of psychotic events. 
B) High CO2 levels cause cerebral vasodilation and improved oxygenation. 
C) Severe cerebral vasoconstriction results in anoxia and stroke. 
D) Vasodilation causes increased intracranial pressure and possibly stops blood flow. 
A) High CO2 increases the risk of psychotic events. 
B) High CO2 levels cause cerebral vasodilation and improved oxygenation. 
C) Severe cerebral vasoconstriction results in anoxia and stroke. 
D) Vasodilation causes increased intracranial pressure and possibly stops blood flow.

Question 7

How should oxygen therapy be administered to chronically hypercapnic patients?

Accepted Answer

A) avoid giving any supplemental oxygen 
B) give as much oxygen as possible (60% to 100%) 
C) withhold oxygen until the patient is intubated 
D) give as much oxygen as required to maintain adequate oxygenation 
A) avoid giving any supplemental oxygen 
B) give as much oxygen as possible (60% to 100%) 
C) withhold oxygen until the patient is intubated 
D) give as much oxygen as required to maintain adequate oxygenation

Question 8

Both anemia and carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning can cause severe hypoxia, yet neither condition results in a major stimulation of breathing. Why is this so?

Accepted Answer

A) The peripheral chemoreceptors do not respond to low oxygen content. 
B) Anemia and CO poisoning depress the peripheral chemoreceptors. 
C) Anemia and CO poisoning depress the central chemoreceptors. 
D) Anemia and CO cause stagnant hypoxia, not hypoxemia. 
A) The peripheral chemoreceptors do not respond to low oxygen content. 
B) Anemia and CO poisoning depress the peripheral chemoreceptors. 
C) Anemia and CO poisoning depress the central chemoreceptors. 
D) Anemia and CO cause stagnant hypoxia, not hypoxemia.

Exam 14: Regulation of Breathing

What stimulates the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex?

In the face of hyperoxia, what is the response of the peripheral chemoreceptors to hypercapnia?

Which of the following is indirectly responsible for minute-to-minute control of breathing?

Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located? I.in the arch of the aorta II.in the bifurcations of carotid arteries III.on the ventrolateral surfaces of the medulla

Biot's respiration is most frequently observed in patients with which of the following?

In patients with closed-head injuries, what may happen if the patient has hypercapnia?

How should oxygen therapy be administered to chronically hypercapnic patients?

Both anemia and carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning can cause severe hypoxia, yet neither condition results in a major stimulation of breathing. Why is this so?

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

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