Question 1

Figure 10-10  
-Refer to Figure 10-10. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The private cost of producing the 120th unit of output is $12. 
B)  The social cost of producing the 120th unit of output is $22. 
C)  The external cost of producing the 120th unit of output is $2. 
D)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  The private cost of producing the 120th unit of output is $12. 
B)  The social cost of producing the 120th unit of output is $22. 
C)  The external cost of producing the 120th unit of output is $2. 
D)  All of the above are correct.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is correct about a market in which pollution is emitted?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both corrective taxes and pollution permits internalize the externality of pollution. 
B)  Corrective taxes internalize the externality of pollution, but pollution permits do not internalize that externality. 
C)  Corrective taxes fail to internalize the externality of pollution, but corrective taxes internalize that externality. 
D)  Neither corrective taxes nor pollution permits internalize the externality of pollution. 
A)  Both corrective taxes and pollution permits internalize the externality of pollution. 
B)  Corrective taxes internalize the externality of pollution, but pollution permits do not internalize that externality. 
C)  Corrective taxes fail to internalize the externality of pollution, but corrective taxes internalize that externality. 
D)  Neither corrective taxes nor pollution permits internalize the externality of pollution.

Question 3

When market activity generates a negative externality, the level of output in the market equilibrium is lower than the socially optimal level.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Figure 10-16  
-Refer to Figure 10-16. This graph shows the market for pollution when permits are issued to firms and traded in the marketplace. In the absence of a pollution permit system, the quantity of pollution would be

Accepted Answer

A)  25 
B)  50 
C)  75 
D)  100 
A)  25 
B)  50 
C)  75 
D)  100

Question 5

Which of the following is the most effective way to internalize a technology spillover?

Accepted Answer

A)  taxes 
B)  patents 
C)  government regulations 
D)  free markets 
A)  taxes 
B)  patents 
C)  government regulations 
D)  free markets

Question 6

Figure 10-16  
-Refer to Figure 10-16. This graph shows the market for pollution when permits are issued to firms and traded in the marketplace. The equilibrium number of permits is

Accepted Answer

A)  50 
B)  100 
C)  1,000 
D)  2,000 
A)  50 
B)  100 
C)  1,000 
D)  2,000

Question 7

When one firm sells its pollution permit to another firm,

Accepted Answer

A)  both firms benefit. 
B)  the total amount of pollution remains the same. 
C)  the total amount of pollution decreases. 
D)  Both a and b are correct. 
A)  both firms benefit. 
B)  the total amount of pollution remains the same. 
C)  the total amount of pollution decreases. 
D)  Both a and b are correct.

Question 8

Figure 10-9
  
-Refer to Figure 10-9, Panel (b) and Panel (c). The overuse of antibiotics leads to the development of antibiotic- resistant diseases. Therefore, the socially optimal quantity of antibiotics is represented by point

Accepted Answer

A)  Q2. 
B)  Q3. 
C)  Q4. 
D)  Q5. 
A)  Q2. 
B)  Q3. 
C)  Q4. 
D)  Q5.

Question 9

In what sense do externalities cause the "invisible hand" of the marketplace to fail?

Accepted Answer

A)  Externalities lead to government intervention in markets, which exacerbates the problems associated with externalities. 
B)  Externalities result in prices that are too high for many consumers to pay. 
C)  Markets fail to produce the maximum total benefit to society when positive or negative externalities are present. 
D)  Markets produce too little of a good when positive or negative externalities are present. 
A)  Externalities lead to government intervention in markets, which exacerbates the problems associated with externalities. 
B)  Externalities result in prices that are too high for many consumers to pay. 
C)  Markets fail to produce the maximum total benefit to society when positive or negative externalities are present. 
D)  Markets produce too little of a good when positive or negative externalities are present.

Question 10

When an industry is characterized by technology spillover, what should the government do to ensure that the market equilibrium equals the socially optimal equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Impose a tax greater than the value of the technology spillover. 
B)  Not allow production of any product that causes a technology spillover. 
C)  Provide a subsidy equal to the value of the technology spillover. 
D)  Require producers to "clean up" any spillover that results from their production process. 
A)  Impose a tax greater than the value of the technology spillover. 
B)  Not allow production of any product that causes a technology spillover. 
C)  Provide a subsidy equal to the value of the technology spillover. 
D)  Require producers to "clean up" any spillover that results from their production process.

Question 11

Which of the following helped reduce sulfur dioxide emissions, a leading cause of acid rain? (i) corrective taxes
(ii) tradable pollution permits
(iii) amendments to the Clean Air Act

Accepted Answer

A)  (i) only 
B)  both (i) and (ii) 
C)  (iii) only 
D)  both (ii) and (iii) 
A)  (i) only 
B)  both (i) and (ii) 
C)  (iii) only 
D)  both (ii) and (iii)

Question 12

Figure 10-5  
-Refer to Figure 10-5. Which price and quantity combination represents the social optimum?

Accepted Answer

A)  P0 and Q1. 
B)  P2 and Q1. 
C)  P1 and Q0. 
D)  P2 and Q0. 
A)  P0 and Q1. 
B)  P2 and Q1. 
C)  P1 and Q0. 
D)  P2 and Q0.

Question 13

A corrective tax

Accepted Answer

A)  allocates pollution to those factories that face the highest cost of reducing it. 
B)  is a form of regulation. 
C)  works well for all types of externalities. 
D)  is inferior to regulatory policy according to most economists. 
A)  allocates pollution to those factories that face the highest cost of reducing it. 
B)  is a form of regulation. 
C)  works well for all types of externalities. 
D)  is inferior to regulatory policy according to most economists.

Question 14

The government can internalize externalities by taxing goods that have negative externalities and subsidizing goods that have positive externalities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The concept of external benefit is associated with a negative externality, but not with a positive externality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Figure 10-8  
-Refer to Figure 10-8. What is the socially-optimal quantity of output in this market?

Accepted Answer

A)  8 units 
B)  Between 8 and 10 units 
C)  10 units 
D)  More than 10 units 
A)  8 units 
B)  Between 8 and 10 units 
C)  10 units 
D)  More than 10 units

Question 17

According to the Coase theorem, the private market will need government intervention in order to reach an efficient outcome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The Coase theorem asserts that the private market will always solve the problem of externalities and allocate resources efficiently

Accepted Answer

A)  even if private parties experience substantial costs of bargaining. 
B)  even if the initial distribution of legal rights is skewed in favor of some private parties over others. 
C)  only when there is a large number of private parties that engage in bargaining. 
D)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  even if private parties experience substantial costs of bargaining. 
B)  even if the initial distribution of legal rights is skewed in favor of some private parties over others. 
C)  only when there is a large number of private parties that engage in bargaining. 
D)  All of the above are correct.

Question 19

Education yields positive externalities. For example, a more educated population

Accepted Answer

A)  may increase the pace of technological advances, leading to higher productivity and wages for everyone. 
B)  leads to more informed voters, resulting in better government for everyone. 
C)  tends to result in lower crime rates. 
D)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  may increase the pace of technological advances, leading to higher productivity and wages for everyone. 
B)  leads to more informed voters, resulting in better government for everyone. 
C)  tends to result in lower crime rates. 
D)  All of the above are correct.

Question 20

Figure 10-11  
-Refer to Figure 10-11. The socially optimal quantity of output is

Accepted Answer

A)  240 units, since the value to the buyer of the 240th unit is equal to the cost incurred by the seller of the 240th unit. 
B)  240 units, since the value to society of the 240th unit is equal to the cost incurred by the seller of the 240th unit. 
C)  420 units, since the value to the buyer of the 420th unit is equal to the cost incurred by the seller of the 420th unit. 
D)  420 units, since the value to society of the 420th unit is equal to the cost incurred by the seller of the 420th unit. 
A)  240 units, since the value to the buyer of the 240th unit is equal to the cost incurred by the seller of the 240th unit. 
B)  240 units, since the value to society of the 240th unit is equal to the cost incurred by the seller of the 240th unit. 
C)  420 units, since the value to the buyer of the 420th unit is equal to the cost incurred by the seller of the 420th unit. 
D)  420 units, since the value to society of the 420th unit is equal to the cost incurred by the seller of the 420th unit.

Exam 10: Externalities

Figure 10-10 -Refer to Figure 10-10. Which of the following statements is correct?

Which of the following statements is correct about a market in which pollution is emitted?

When market activity generates a negative externality, the level of output in the market equilibrium is lower than the socially optimal level.

Figure 10-16 -Refer to Figure 10-16. This graph shows the market for pollution when permits are issued to firms and traded in the marketplace. In the absence of a pollution permit system, the quantity of pollution would be

Which of the following is the most effective way to internalize a technology spillover?

Figure 10-16 -Refer to Figure 10-16. This graph shows the market for pollution when permits are issued to firms and traded in the marketplace. The equilibrium number of permits is

When one firm sells its pollution permit to another firm,

Figure 10-9 -Refer to Figure 10-9, Panel (b) and Panel (c). The overuse of antibiotics leads to the development of antibiotic- resistant diseases. Therefore, the socially optimal quantity of antibiotics is represented by point

In what sense do externalities cause the "invisible hand" of the marketplace to fail?

When an industry is characterized by technology spillover, what should the government do to ensure that the market equilibrium equals the socially optimal equilibrium?

Which of the following helped reduce sulfur dioxide emissions, a leading cause of acid rain? (i) corrective taxes (ii) tradable pollution permits (iii) amendments to the Clean Air Act

Figure 10-5 -Refer to Figure 10-5. Which price and quantity combination represents the social optimum?

A corrective tax

The government can internalize externalities by taxing goods that have negative externalities and subsidizing goods that have positive externalities.

The concept of external benefit is associated with a negative externality, but not with a positive externality.

Figure 10-8 -Refer to Figure 10-8. What is the socially-optimal quantity of output in this market?

According to the Coase theorem, the private market will need government intervention in order to reach an efficient outcome.

The Coase theorem asserts that the private market will always solve the problem of externalities and allocate resources efficiently

Education yields positive externalities. For example, a more educated population

Figure 10-11 -Refer to Figure 10-11. The socially optimal quantity of output is

Ten Principles of Economics

Thinking Like an Economist

Interdependence and the Gains From Trade

The Market Forces of Supply and Demand

Elasticity and Its Application

Supply, Demand, and Government Policies

Consumers, Producers, and the Efficiency of Markets

Application: The Costs of Taxation

Application: International Trade

Public Goods and Common Resources

The Design of the Tax System

The Costs of Production

Firms in Competitive Markets

Monopoly

Monopolistic Competition

Oligopoly

The Markets for the Factors of Production

Earnings and Discrimination

Income Inequality and Poverty

The Theory of Consumer Choice

Frontiers of Microeconomics

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