Exam 22: Metabolic Stress and the Critically Ill

What is the key difference between the body's physiological reaction to starvation and metabolic stress?

What amino acid is the primary substrate required for gluconeogenesis?

Depending on the burn size and severity, how long can the hypermetabolic stress last in burn patients?​

Complications of enteral feeding may include metabolic complications, _______________, or mechanical complications.

What did the National VA Surgical Risk Study find to be the best predictor of complications and mortality following surgical procedures?

What condition causes the highest excretion of nitrogen per day from the body?

Describe the effects general anesthesia can have on the GI tract and how this effects post-operative feeding recommendations.

While the degree of hypermetabolism and catabolism correlates with the patient's level of burn injury, researchers agree that the level of hypermetabolism does not increase beyond that reached for a _______________ percent total body surface area burn.

How long, on average, does it take for a healthy patient to progress to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?

For critically ill patients, when should enteral nutrition be started in the hospital?

What are his protein requirements while in the hospital?

The increased rate of gluconeogenesis during the stress response creates reliance on protein as a source of _______________.

The dietitian should supplement with what amino acid to stimulate the GI tract?

In burn patients, enteral nutrition that is initiated within 24 hours of injury has been associated with prevention of Curling's _______________.

Energy requirements are _______________ during metabolic stress and injury.

Negative _______________ balance is a consistent marker of metabolic stress.

One of the most important distinctions between starvation and metabolic stress is the difference in _______________ and fuel substrate requirements.

What happens to blood pressure during sepsis?

What enteral formula has the highest percentage of lipids?​

Increased levels of glucagon serve to increase glucose production from amino acids - a process called _______________.