Exam 22: Metabolic Stress and the Critically Ill

Patients are required to refrain from eating or drinking for at least _______________ hours before surgery.

What happens to the basal metabolic rate during starvation?

When providing nutrition support to the critically ill, it is crucial to avoid _______________ and its subsequent metabolic complications, which include increased _______________ production and hyperglycemia.

Inflammation results in vascular _______________, which is caused by high levels of nitric oxide.

Describe how severe burn injuries affect the nutrition assessment.

What mineral does ASPEN recommend for supplementation in the critically ill?

List what four types of external forces can cause burns.

Which amino acid is a precursor for nitric oxide and may help as a supplement for the metabolically stressed?

What would be the best way to feed him while he's in the hospital and cannot eat on his own?​

What mineral supplements are most important for burn victims?

For normal-weight individuals, _______________ kcal/kg of actual body weight per day are recommended during critical illness.

What protein is used in copper transport?

What type of burn is typically caused by exposure to hot oil?

Compared to parenteral nutrition, _______________ is more cost-effective and is associated with reduced infectious complications, fewer surgical interventions, and fewer hospital days.

The depth of the wound and the percentage of the body surface area that is affected are used to classify burn injury.

_______________ burns destroy all layers of the skin and can involve underlying muscle, organs, and bone.

Explain why nutrition therapy is so important for burn injuries.

Release of either glucagon or cortisol can result in _______________ during the stress response.

Omega-3 fatty acids can serve to reduce the _______________ cytokines that are involved metabolic stress.

During periods of starvation, what is the primary source of fuel?