Question 1

Which of the following events is the first to occur during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A) Spaces form in blood vessels to enable phagocytes to pass. 
B) The wound is repaired to ease blood loss. 
C) Damaged cells release key signaling molecules. 
D) Phagocytes engulf and digest invading bacteria. 
A) Spaces form in blood vessels to enable phagocytes to pass. 
B) The wound is repaired to ease blood loss. 
C) Damaged cells release key signaling molecules. 
D) Phagocytes engulf and digest invading bacteria.

Question 2

Which of the following is a component of the immune system's first line of defense?

Accepted Answer

A) antibodies 
B) histamine 
C) T cells 
D) earwax 
A) antibodies 
B) histamine 
C) T cells 
D) earwax

Question 3

Upon first exposure to a pathogen, a ________ immune response is triggered.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Upon first exposure to a pathogen, a...

Question 4

The steroid hormones testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone enter target cells and bind intracellular receptors to regulate gene expression. Based on this information, which of the following statements about steroid hormones must be correct?

Accepted Answer

A) They are large and polar. 
B) They are hydrophilic. 
C) They are cationic or anionic, and they are water soluble. 
D) They are mainly nonpolar and hydrophobic. 
A) They are large and polar. 
B) They are hydrophilic. 
C) They are cationic or anionic, and they are water soluble. 
D) They are mainly nonpolar and hydrophobic.

Question 5

Each T cell and each B cell binds to only one specific type of

Accepted Answer

A) antibody. 
B) antigen. 
C) neutrophil. 
D) histamine. 
A) antibody. 
B) antigen. 
C) neutrophil. 
D) histamine.

Question 6

Match the chemical, cell, or tissue with the function it performs in the immune response.
-clotting factors that prevent excess blood loss

Accepted Answer

A) macrophages 
B) mucous membranes 
C) cytokines 
D) B cells 
E) lymph nodes
F)platelets 
A) macrophages 
B) mucous membranes 
C) cytokines 
D) B cells 
E) lymph nodes
F)platelets

Question 7

A single hormone molecule can have dramatic effects on a target cell, because

Accepted Answer

A) it causes the cell to produce thousands of copies of the hormone. 
B) it initiates a chain of events that amplifies its effect. 
C) it causes the nuclear membrane to break down and expose DNA directly to the hormone. 
D) it becomes surrounded by enzymes that transport it to the nucleus. 
A) it causes the cell to produce thousands of copies of the hormone. 
B) it initiates a chain of events that amplifies its effect. 
C) it causes the nuclear membrane to break down and expose DNA directly to the hormone. 
D) it becomes surrounded by enzymes that transport it to the nucleus.

Question 8

Neutrophils and macrophages function in the process of ________, which traps pathogens at the site of a wound.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neutrophils and macrophages function in the process...

Question 9

The primary role of the immune system's first line of defense is to

Accepted Answer

A) mark pathogens for destruction. 
B) act as a barrier to prevent entry of pathogens. 
C) kill pathogens that have entered self cells. 
D) stimulate fever and inflammation. 
A) mark pathogens for destruction. 
B) act as a barrier to prevent entry of pathogens. 
C) kill pathogens that have entered self cells. 
D) stimulate fever and inflammation.

Question 10

Which of the following is a molecule that makes blood vessels near a wound more porous?

Accepted Answer

A) a platelet 
B) histamine 
C) a cytokine 
D) an adrenal hormone 
A) a platelet 
B) histamine 
C) a cytokine 
D) an adrenal hormone

Question 11

A difficult wound for the immune system to respond to is

Accepted Answer

A) a bruise, because the blood vessels lose too much blood. 
B) a puncture wound, because the first and second lines of defense can be bypassed. 
C) a burn, because the acidity of the skin is compromised. 
D) a cut or tear, because salty secretions of sweat glands cause infection. 
A) a bruise, because the blood vessels lose too much blood. 
B) a puncture wound, because the first and second lines of defense can be bypassed. 
C) a burn, because the acidity of the skin is compromised. 
D) a cut or tear, because salty secretions of sweat glands cause infection.

Question 12

Activated B cells are responsible for

Accepted Answer

A) producing antibodies that bind to pathogens. 
B) generating pathogens. 
C) increasing systemic body temperature. 
D) sealing breaks in the skin via clotting reactions. 
A) producing antibodies that bind to pathogens. 
B) generating pathogens. 
C) increasing systemic body temperature. 
D) sealing breaks in the skin via clotting reactions.

Question 13

In which of the following organs would you be LEAST likely to find mature lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

A) the tonsils 
B) the liver 
C) the spleen 
D) the appendix 
A) the tonsils 
B) the liver 
C) the spleen 
D) the appendix

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of the immune system's second line of defense?

Accepted Answer

A) the low pH environment of the stomach 
B) saliva containing antimicrobial enzymes 
C) macrophages engulfing pathogens during inflammation 
D) tears containing antimicrobial enzymes 
A) the low pH environment of the stomach 
B) saliva containing antimicrobial enzymes 
C) macrophages engulfing pathogens during inflammation 
D) tears containing antimicrobial enzymes

Question 15

Which of the following statements accurately describes how hormones can affect a cell, as illustrated in this figure?

Accepted Answer

A) Hormones often trigger the shearing of DNA. 
B) Protein synthesis helps cells maintain metabolism at current levels. 
C) Intracellular receptors increase the export of important signaling molecules when they are bound with hydrophilic hormones. 
D) Hormones are effective at low concentrations. 
A) Hormones often trigger the shearing of DNA. 
B) Protein synthesis helps cells maintain metabolism at current levels. 
C) Intracellular receptors increase the export of important signaling molecules when they are bound with hydrophilic hormones. 
D) Hormones are effective at low concentrations.

Question 16

Which of the following statements best explains how one hormone can regulate several different developmental events?

Accepted Answer

A) One hormone can affect different types of target tissues in different ways. 
B) A hormone can migrate to a gland, where the endocrine system reshapes it for a different use. 
C) Once a steroid hormone attaches to a receptor on the surface of a cell, it starts several different signal cascades that activate many genes at once. 
D) Hormones are made up of molecules that separate once they are inside the cell to signal the development of different aspects of sexual maturity. 
A) One hormone can affect different types of target tissues in different ways. 
B) A hormone can migrate to a gland, where the endocrine system reshapes it for a different use. 
C) Once a steroid hormone attaches to a receptor on the surface of a cell, it starts several different signal cascades that activate many genes at once. 
D) Hormones are made up of molecules that separate once they are inside the cell to signal the development of different aspects of sexual maturity.

Question 17

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced by the pituitary gland when the brain detects lower-than-optimum levels of water in the body. In the kidneys, ADH promotes the uptake of water, creating more concentrated urine. ADH travels from the pituitary gland to the kidneys through the

Accepted Answer

A) nervous system. 
B) circulatory system. 
C) endocrine system. 
D) digestive system. 
A) nervous system. 
B) circulatory system. 
C) endocrine system. 
D) digestive system.

Question 18

Which of the following statements accurately describes hormonal signaling, as depicted in this figure?

Accepted Answer

A) Each endocrine cell has the ability to make all of an organism's hormones. 
B) Hormones act on specific target cells. 
C) Hormones may diffuse into the circulatory system but they cannot diffuse out of it. 
D) Target cells signal each other using hormones. 
A) Each endocrine cell has the ability to make all of an organism's hormones. 
B) Hormones act on specific target cells. 
C) Hormones may diffuse into the circulatory system but they cannot diffuse out of it. 
D) Target cells signal each other using hormones.

Question 19

Explain how the vertebrate immune system, once it has been violated, works to destroy invading pathogens. Include mechanisms of the first, second, and third lines of defense in your answer.

Accepted Answer

Although the first line of defense provi

Question 20

White blood cells of the adaptive immune response provide what advantage that is lacking in white blood cells of the innate immune response?

Accepted Answer

A) rapid response time 
B) memory 
C) decreased specificity 
D) barriers 
A) rapid response time 
B) memory 
C) decreased specificity 
D) barriers

Exam 22: Endocrine and Immune Systems

Which of the following events is the first to occur during inflammation?

Which of the following is a component of the immune system's first line of defense?

Upon first exposure to a pathogen, a ________ immune response is triggered.

The steroid hormones testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone enter target cells and bind intracellular receptors to regulate gene expression. Based on this information, which of the following statements about steroid hormones must be correct?

Each T cell and each B cell binds to only one specific type of

Match the chemical, cell, or tissue with the function it performs in the immune response. -clotting factors that prevent excess blood loss

A single hormone molecule can have dramatic effects on a target cell, because

Neutrophils and macrophages function in the process of ________, which traps pathogens at the site of a wound.

The primary role of the immune system's first line of defense is to

Which of the following is a molecule that makes blood vessels near a wound more porous?

A difficult wound for the immune system to respond to is

Activated B cells are responsible for

In which of the following organs would you be LEAST likely to find mature lymphocytes?

Which of the following is an example of the immune system's second line of defense?

Which of the following statements accurately describes how hormones can affect a cell, as illustrated in this figure?

Which of the following statements best explains how one hormone can regulate several different developmental events?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced by the pituitary gland when the brain detects lower-than-optimum levels of water in the body. In the kidneys, ADH promotes the uptake of water, creating more concentrated urine. ADH travels from the pituitary gland to the kidneys through the

Which of the following statements accurately describes hormonal signaling, as depicted in this figure?

Explain how the vertebrate immune system, once it has been violated, works to destroy invading pathogens. Include mechanisms of the first, second, and third lines of defense in your answer.

White blood cells of the adaptive immune response provide what advantage that is lacking in white blood cells of the innate immune response?

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