Question 1

DNA technology can be used with all organisms because they all

Accepted Answer

A) contain antibodies. 
B) can contract the same diseases. 
C) share the same chemical DNA structure. 
D) contain the same genes. 
A) contain antibodies. 
B) can contract the same diseases. 
C) share the same chemical DNA structure. 
D) contain the same genes. C

Question 2

Which of the following is true of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A) It destroys the DNA template. 
B) The DNA molecule must unwind. 
C) Base pairing is unimportant. 
D) The end result is a protein. 
A) It destroys the DNA template. 
B) The DNA molecule must unwind. 
C) Base pairing is unimportant. 
D) The end result is a protein. B

Question 3

In bacteria, the antibiotic erythromycin prevents ribosomes from functioning. The most likely reason that bacteria die from treatment with erythromycin is because the antibiotic

Accepted Answer

A) inhibits transcription. 
B) inhibits translation. 
C) causes the wrong bases to be added to the growing mRNA strand. 
D) causes the wrong amino acids to be bound to the tRNA strands. 
A) inhibits transcription. 
B) inhibits translation. 
C) causes the wrong bases to be added to the growing mRNA strand. 
D) causes the wrong amino acids to be bound to the tRNA strands. B

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of genes?

Accepted Answer

A) They control the production of enzymes. 
B) They control the production of structural proteins. 
C) They control the production of all proteins. 
D) They control the production of amino acids. 
A) They control the production of enzymes. 
B) They control the production of structural proteins. 
C) They control the production of all proteins. 
D) They control the production of amino acids.

Question 5

The codon GAU codes for which amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A) CUA 
B) CTA 
C) aspartate 
D) leucine 
A) CUA 
B) CTA 
C) aspartate 
D) leucine

Question 6

If a molecule of mRNA is a sentence, its bases are the letters and the codons are the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a molecule of mRNA is a...

Question 7

Protein coding genes specify the production of ________ as their immediate product.

Accepted Answer

A) rRNA 
B) tRNA 
C) DNA 
D) mRNA 
A) rRNA 
B) tRNA 
C) DNA 
D) mRNA

Question 8

In bacteria, the antibiotic tetracycline blocks the site where tRNA molecules enter the ribosome. The most likely reason that bacteria die from treatment with tetracycline is because the antibiotic

Accepted Answer

A) inhibits the cell from producing the mRNA. 
B) causes the tRNA molecules to randomly arrange into proteins that do not function. 
C) causes tRNA rather than mRNA to be made into proteins. 
D) prevents the bacteria from assembling essential proteins. 
A) inhibits the cell from producing the mRNA. 
B) causes the tRNA molecules to randomly arrange into proteins that do not function. 
C) causes tRNA rather than mRNA to be made into proteins. 
D) prevents the bacteria from assembling essential proteins.

Question 9

A mutation occurs in the promoter of a protein-encoding gene. How might this mutation affect the production of the protein encoded by the gene?

Accepted Answer

A) The mRNA made from this gene would exhibit the same mutation and, therefore, would not fold or function properly. 
B) The protein made from the promoter would have a different amino acid sequence and, therefore, would not function properly. 
C) The promoter might not be recognized by RNA polymerase, so the enzyme would be unable to attach to the promoter and start transcription. 
D) The start codon would be missing from the mRNA made from this gene, so the mRNA could not be translated. 
A) The mRNA made from this gene would exhibit the same mutation and, therefore, would not fold or function properly. 
B) The protein made from the promoter would have a different amino acid sequence and, therefore, would not function properly. 
C) The promoter might not be recognized by RNA polymerase, so the enzyme would be unable to attach to the promoter and start transcription. 
D) The start codon would be missing from the mRNA made from this gene, so the mRNA could not be translated.

Question 10

Identify if the following increase or decrease transcription or translation.
-More ribosomes are produced.

Accepted Answer

A) Transcription is up-regulated 
B) Transcription is down-regulated 
C) Translation is up-regulated 
D) Translation is down-regulated 
A) Transcription is up-regulated 
B) Transcription is down-regulated 
C) Translation is up-regulated 
D) Translation is down-regulated

Question 11

What is the sequence of the codon that the transfer RNA shown in the following figure would bind to during translation?

Accepted Answer

A) AGG 
B) UCC 
C) TCC 
D) Serine 
A) AGG 
B) UCC 
C) TCC 
D) Serine

Question 12

During translation,

Accepted Answer

A) many mRNA molecules work with one tRNA molecule and one rRNA molecule to produce a protein. 
B) one tRNA molecule works with paired mRNA molecules and many rRNA molecules to produce a protein. 
C) strings of bonded tRNA molecules work with one mRNA molecule and one rRNA molecule to produce a protein. 
D) one mRNA molecule works with several rRNA molecules and many tRNA molecules to produce a protein. 
A) many mRNA molecules work with one tRNA molecule and one rRNA molecule to produce a protein. 
B) one tRNA molecule works with paired mRNA molecules and many rRNA molecules to produce a protein. 
C) strings of bonded tRNA molecules work with one mRNA molecule and one rRNA molecule to produce a protein. 
D) one mRNA molecule works with several rRNA molecules and many tRNA molecules to produce a protein.

Question 13

The bases present in an RNA molecule are

Accepted Answer

A) C, T, A, and G. 
B) U, A, C, and G. 
C) G, C ,U, and T. 
D) U, C, T, and A. 
A) C, T, A, and G. 
B) U, A, C, and G. 
C) G, C ,U, and T. 
D) U, C, T, and A.

Question 14

The expression of most genes is regulated by

Accepted Answer

A) internal signals only. 
B) external signals only. 
C) both internal and external signals. 
D) neither internal nor external signals. 
A) internal signals only. 
B) external signals only. 
C) both internal and external signals. 
D) neither internal nor external signals.

Question 15

In bacteria, the antibiotic chloramphenicol prevents amino acids from bonding together. The most likely reason that bacteria die from treatment with chloramphenicol is because the antibiotic

Accepted Answer

A) inhibits transcription. 
B) inhibits translation. 
C) causes the wrong bases to be added to the growing mRNA strand. 
D) causes the wrong amino acids to be bound to the tRNA strands. 
A) inhibits transcription. 
B) inhibits translation. 
C) causes the wrong bases to be added to the growing mRNA strand. 
D) causes the wrong amino acids to be bound to the tRNA strands.

Question 16

Use the following chart to determine the chain of amino acids that would be produced by the sequence of this very short, complete gene: UAUUAUGCCUGAGUGAAUUGCUA.

Accepted Answer

A) tyrosine-tyrosine-alanine 
B) tyrosine-tyrosine-alanine-stop-valine-asparagine-cysteine 
C) methionine-proline-glutamate 
D) methionine-proline-glutamate-isoleucine-alanine 
A) tyrosine-tyrosine-alanine 
B) tyrosine-tyrosine-alanine-stop-valine-asparagine-cysteine 
C) methionine-proline-glutamate 
D) methionine-proline-glutamate-isoleucine-alanine

Question 17

Transforming plants with a human gene produces a protein that is identical to the original human protein. Explain how this evidence demonstrates that the genetic code is universal, and list another experiment that could be used to further support this theory.

Accepted Answer

If the genetic code was not universal, t

Question 18

Identify if the following increase or decrease transcription or translation.
-The mRNA molecules are broken down quickly.

Accepted Answer

A) Transcription is up-regulated 
B) Transcription is down-regulated 
C) Translation is up-regulated 
D) Translation is down-regulated 
A) Transcription is up-regulated 
B) Transcription is down-regulated 
C) Translation is up-regulated 
D) Translation is down-regulated

Question 19

Which of the following codons codes for Proline?

Accepted Answer

A) UCC 
B) CCU 
C) UUU 
D) CUU 
A) UCC 
B) CCU 
C) UUU 
D) CUU

Question 20

Which of the lettered arrows in the following diagram of translation indicates a codon?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Exam 9: How Genes Work

DNA technology can be used with all organisms because they all

Which of the following is true of transcription?

In bacteria, the antibiotic erythromycin prevents ribosomes from functioning. The most likely reason that bacteria die from treatment with erythromycin is because the antibiotic

Which of the following best describes the function of genes?

The codon GAU codes for which amino acid?

If a molecule of mRNA is a sentence, its bases are the letters and the codons are the ________.

Protein coding genes specify the production of ________ as their immediate product.

In bacteria, the antibiotic tetracycline blocks the site where tRNA molecules enter the ribosome. The most likely reason that bacteria die from treatment with tetracycline is because the antibiotic

A mutation occurs in the promoter of a protein-encoding gene. How might this mutation affect the production of the protein encoded by the gene?

Identify if the following increase or decrease transcription or translation. -More ribosomes are produced.

What is the sequence of the codon that the transfer RNA shown in the following figure would bind to during translation?

During translation,

The bases present in an RNA molecule are

The expression of most genes is regulated by

In bacteria, the antibiotic chloramphenicol prevents amino acids from bonding together. The most likely reason that bacteria die from treatment with chloramphenicol is because the antibiotic

Use the following chart to determine the chain of amino acids that would be produced by the sequence of this very short, complete gene: UAUUAUGCCUGAGUGAAUUGCUA.

Transforming plants with a human gene produces a protein that is identical to the original human protein. Explain how this evidence demonstrates that the genetic code is universal, and list another experiment that could be used to further support this theory.

Identify if the following increase or decrease transcription or translation. -The mRNA molecules are broken down quickly.

Which of the following codons codes for Proline?

Which of the lettered arrows in the following diagram of translation indicates a codon?

The Nature of Science

Chemistry of Life

Life Is Cellular

How Cells Work

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

What Genes Are

Evidence for Evolution

Mechanisms of Evolution

Adaptation and Species

The History of Life

Human Evolution

General Principles of Ecology

Growth of Populations

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Homeostasis, Reproduction, and Development

Digestive, Muscular, and Skeletal Systems

Circulatory, Respiratory, Urinary, and Nervous Systems

Endocrine and Immune Systems

Plant Physiology

Applying the Science

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