Question 1

The most common cause of maternal mortality in developed countries is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​gestational hypertension 
B)  ​eclampsia 
C)  ​gestational diabetes 
D)  ​preeclampsia 
E)  ​chronic hypertension 
A)  ​gestational hypertension 
B)  ​eclampsia 
C)  ​gestational diabetes 
D)  ​preeclampsia 
E)  ​chronic hypertension

Question 2

Which food is not provided by the WIC program?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​milk 
B)  ​iron-fortified cereal 
C)  ​granola bars 
D)  ​eggs 
E)  ​dried beans 
A)  ​milk 
B)  ​iron-fortified cereal 
C)  ​granola bars 
D)  ​eggs 
E)  ​dried beans

Question 3

Jane does not eat many fruits and vegetables and she dislikes dairy products. To increase her folate and calcium intake, you would recommend that she consume plenty of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​yogurt 
B)  ​calcium-fortified orange juice 
C)  ​calcium-fortified cheese 
D)  ​enriched grains 
E)  ​calcium-fortified milk 
A)  ​yogurt 
B)  ​calcium-fortified orange juice 
C)  ​calcium-fortified cheese 
D)  ​enriched grains 
E)  ​calcium-fortified milk

Question 4

Practices that should be avoided during pregnancy include _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​smoking cigarettes and consuming alcohol 
B)  ​smoking cigarettes, consuming alcohol, and consuming caffeine 
C)  ​consuming alcohol only 
D)  ​smoking cigarettes, consuming alcohol, exercise, and consuming fat 
E)  ​smoking cigarettes only 
A)  ​smoking cigarettes and consuming alcohol 
B)  ​smoking cigarettes, consuming alcohol, and consuming caffeine 
C)  ​consuming alcohol only 
D)  ​smoking cigarettes, consuming alcohol, exercise, and consuming fat 
E)  ​smoking cigarettes only

Question 5

In the United States, about _____ of infants are still breastfeeding at one year of age.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​10% 
B)  ​25% 
C)  ​35% 
D)  ​50% 
E)  ​60% 
A)  ​10% 
B)  ​25% 
C)  ​35% 
D)  ​50% 
E)  ​60%

Question 6

Babies born to obese women are more likely to be large for gestational age, weighing more than 9 pounds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Matching
-gestational diabetes

Accepted Answer

A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) a serious central nervous system birth defect that often results in lifelong disability or death 
C) in pregnant women, high blood pressure that is present and documented before pregnancy 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) the presence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
F)a condition characterized by hypertension and protein in the urine
G)a severe complication during pregnancy in which seizures occur
H)the female reproductive cell, capable of developing into a new organism upon fertilization; commonly referred to as an egg
I)a serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
L)the developmental stage of the embryo when it is about five days old and ready for implantation
M)an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect; characterized by the absence of a brain
N)the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)high blood pressure that develops in the second half of pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth
P)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
Q)the womb, the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth
R)the combination of exhaled smoke (mainstream smoke) and smoke from lighted cigarettes, pipes, or cigars (sidestream smoke) that enters the air and may be inhaled by other people 
A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) a serious central nervous system birth defect that often results in lifelong disability or death 
C) in pregnant women, high blood pressure that is present and documented before pregnancy 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) the presence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
F)a condition characterized by hypertension and protein in the urine
G)a severe complication during pregnancy in which seizures occur
H)the female reproductive cell, capable of developing into a new organism upon fertilization; commonly referred to as an egg
I)a serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
L)the developmental stage of the embryo when it is about five days old and ready for implantation
M)an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect; characterized by the absence of a brain
N)the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)high blood pressure that develops in the second half of pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth
P)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
Q)the womb, the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth
R)the combination of exhaled smoke (mainstream smoke) and smoke from lighted cigarettes, pipes, or cigars (sidestream smoke) that enters the air and may be inhaled by other people

Question 8

Matching
-gestational hypertension

Accepted Answer

A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) a serious central nervous system birth defect that often results in lifelong disability or death 
C) in pregnant women, high blood pressure that is present and documented before pregnancy 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) the presence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
F)a condition characterized by hypertension and protein in the urine
G)a severe complication during pregnancy in which seizures occur
H)the female reproductive cell, capable of developing into a new organism upon fertilization; commonly referred to as an egg
I)a serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
L)the developmental stage of the embryo when it is about five days old and ready for implantation
M)an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect; characterized by the absence of a brain
N)the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)high blood pressure that develops in the second half of pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth
P)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
Q)the womb, the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth
R)the combination of exhaled smoke (mainstream smoke) and smoke from lighted cigarettes, pipes, or cigars (sidestream smoke) that enters the air and may be inhaled by other people 
A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) a serious central nervous system birth defect that often results in lifelong disability or death 
C) in pregnant women, high blood pressure that is present and documented before pregnancy 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) the presence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
F)a condition characterized by hypertension and protein in the urine
G)a severe complication during pregnancy in which seizures occur
H)the female reproductive cell, capable of developing into a new organism upon fertilization; commonly referred to as an egg
I)a serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
L)the developmental stage of the embryo when it is about five days old and ready for implantation
M)an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect; characterized by the absence of a brain
N)the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)high blood pressure that develops in the second half of pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth
P)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
Q)the womb, the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth
R)the combination of exhaled smoke (mainstream smoke) and smoke from lighted cigarettes, pipes, or cigars (sidestream smoke) that enters the air and may be inhaled by other people

Question 9

Women who enter pregnancy with iron-deficiency anemia have a greater risk of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​preterm delivery 
B)  ​excessive weight gain 
C)  ​inadequate weight gain 
D)  ​gestational diabetes 
E)  ​macular degeneration 
A)  ​preterm delivery 
B)  ​excessive weight gain 
C)  ​inadequate weight gain 
D)  ​gestational diabetes 
E)  ​macular degeneration

Question 10

Matching
-fetal alcohol syndrome

Accepted Answer

A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) a serious central nervous system birth defect that often results in lifelong disability or death 
C) in pregnant women, high blood pressure that is present and documented before pregnancy 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) the presence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
F)a condition characterized by hypertension and protein in the urine
G)a severe complication during pregnancy in which seizures occur
H)the female reproductive cell, capable of developing into a new organism upon fertilization; commonly referred to as an egg
I)a serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
L)the developmental stage of the embryo when it is about five days old and ready for implantation
M)an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect; characterized by the absence of a brain
N)the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)high blood pressure that develops in the second half of pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth
P)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
Q)the womb, the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth
R)the combination of exhaled smoke (mainstream smoke) and smoke from lighted cigarettes, pipes, or cigars (sidestream smoke) that enters the air and may be inhaled by other people 
A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) a serious central nervous system birth defect that often results in lifelong disability or death 
C) in pregnant women, high blood pressure that is present and documented before pregnancy 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) the presence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
F)a condition characterized by hypertension and protein in the urine
G)a severe complication during pregnancy in which seizures occur
H)the female reproductive cell, capable of developing into a new organism upon fertilization; commonly referred to as an egg
I)a serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
L)the developmental stage of the embryo when it is about five days old and ready for implantation
M)an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect; characterized by the absence of a brain
N)the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)high blood pressure that develops in the second half of pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth
P)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
Q)the womb, the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth
R)the combination of exhaled smoke (mainstream smoke) and smoke from lighted cigarettes, pipes, or cigars (sidestream smoke) that enters the air and may be inhaled by other people

Question 11

For vegetarian women during pregnancy, meeting the recommendation for food energy each day and including generous servings of protein-containing plant foods are _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​not as necessary 
B)  ​imperative 
C)  ​not a concern 
D)  ​overrated 
E)  ​optional 
A)  ​not as necessary 
B)  ​imperative 
C)  ​not a concern 
D)  ​overrated 
E)  ​optional

Question 12

A woman who has an active, infectious case of _____ should not breastfeed.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​angioplasty 
B)  ​the common cold 
C)  ​lupus 
D)  ​tuberculosis 
E)  ​sarcopenia 
A)  ​angioplasty 
B)  ​the common cold 
C)  ​lupus 
D)  ​tuberculosis 
E)  ​sarcopenia

Question 13

Matching
-uterus

Accepted Answer

A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) a serious central nervous system birth defect that often results in lifelong disability or death 
C) in pregnant women, high blood pressure that is present and documented before pregnancy 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) the presence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
F)a condition characterized by hypertension and protein in the urine
G)a severe complication during pregnancy in which seizures occur
H)the female reproductive cell, capable of developing into a new organism upon fertilization; commonly referred to as an egg
I)a serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
L)the developmental stage of the embryo when it is about five days old and ready for implantation
M)an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect; characterized by the absence of a brain
N)the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)high blood pressure that develops in the second half of pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth
P)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
Q)the womb, the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth
R)the combination of exhaled smoke (mainstream smoke) and smoke from lighted cigarettes, pipes, or cigars (sidestream smoke) that enters the air and may be inhaled by other people 
A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) a serious central nervous system birth defect that often results in lifelong disability or death 
C) in pregnant women, high blood pressure that is present and documented before pregnancy 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) the presence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
F)a condition characterized by hypertension and protein in the urine
G)a severe complication during pregnancy in which seizures occur
H)the female reproductive cell, capable of developing into a new organism upon fertilization; commonly referred to as an egg
I)a serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
L)the developmental stage of the embryo when it is about five days old and ready for implantation
M)an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect; characterized by the absence of a brain
N)the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)high blood pressure that develops in the second half of pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth
P)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
Q)the womb, the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth
R)the combination of exhaled smoke (mainstream smoke) and smoke from lighted cigarettes, pipes, or cigars (sidestream smoke) that enters the air and may be inhaled by other people

Question 14

What are the concerns of mothers positive for HIV when it comes to breastfeeding and infant health?

Accepted Answer

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),

Question 15

Alcohol easily enters breast milk and can adversely affect the production, volume, composition, and ejection of breast milk, as well as overwhelm an infant's immature alcohol-degrading system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

During pregnancy, food energy needs increase less than nutrient needs. To achieve this balance, food selection should include _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​foods of lower nutrient density 
B)  ​increased portions of vitamin C-rich foods 
C)  ​use of whole milk and fatty meats 
D)  ​decreased portions of vitamin C-rich foods 
E)  ​decreased portions of calcium-rich foods 
A)  ​foods of lower nutrient density 
B)  ​increased portions of vitamin C-rich foods 
C)  ​use of whole milk and fatty meats 
D)  ​decreased portions of vitamin C-rich foods 
E)  ​decreased portions of calcium-rich foods

Question 17

How long should the infant be encouraged to nurse on each breast?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​two to four minutes 
B)  ​four to eight minutes 
C)  ​until the infant has obtained half of the appropriate amount of milk 
D)  ​as long as the infant wishes 
E)  ​until the breast is depleted of milk 
A)  ​two to four minutes 
B)  ​four to eight minutes 
C)  ​until the infant has obtained half of the appropriate amount of milk 
D)  ​as long as the infant wishes 
E)  ​until the breast is depleted of milk

Question 18

A low birthweight baby has a statistically greater chance of contracting diseases and dying early in life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Matching
-ovum

Accepted Answer

A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) a serious central nervous system birth defect that often results in lifelong disability or death 
C) in pregnant women, high blood pressure that is present and documented before pregnancy 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) the presence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
F)a condition characterized by hypertension and protein in the urine
G)a severe complication during pregnancy in which seizures occur
H)the female reproductive cell, capable of developing into a new organism upon fertilization; commonly referred to as an egg
I)a serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
L)the developmental stage of the embryo when it is about five days old and ready for implantation
M)an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect; characterized by the absence of a brain
N)the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)high blood pressure that develops in the second half of pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth
P)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
Q)the womb, the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth
R)the combination of exhaled smoke (mainstream smoke) and smoke from lighted cigarettes, pipes, or cigars (sidestream smoke) that enters the air and may be inhaled by other people 
A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) a serious central nervous system birth defect that often results in lifelong disability or death 
C) in pregnant women, high blood pressure that is present and documented before pregnancy 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) the presence of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
F)a condition characterized by hypertension and protein in the urine
G)a severe complication during pregnancy in which seizures occur
H)the female reproductive cell, capable of developing into a new organism upon fertilization; commonly referred to as an egg
I)a serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the product of the union of ovum and sperm; a fertilized ovum.
L)the developmental stage of the embryo when it is about five days old and ready for implantation
M)an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect; characterized by the absence of a brain
N)the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)high blood pressure that develops in the second half of pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth
P)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
Q)the womb, the muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth
R)the combination of exhaled smoke (mainstream smoke) and smoke from lighted cigarettes, pipes, or cigars (sidestream smoke) that enters the air and may be inhaled by other people

Question 20

Women who develop gestational diabetes have a greater risk of developing _____ later in life.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​heart disease 
B)  ​type 2 diabetes 
C)  ​gastrointestinal problems 
D)  ​osteoporosis 
E)  ​hyponatremia 
A)  ​heart disease 
B)  ​type 2 diabetes 
C)  ​gastrointestinal problems 
D)  ​osteoporosis 
E)  ​hyponatremia

Exam 11: Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy and Lactation

The most common cause of maternal mortality in developed countries is _____.

Which food is not provided by the WIC program?

Jane does not eat many fruits and vegetables and she dislikes dairy products. To increase her folate and calcium intake, you would recommend that she consume plenty of _____.

Practices that should be avoided during pregnancy include _____.

In the United States, about _____ of infants are still breastfeeding at one year of age.

Babies born to obese women are more likely to be large for gestational age, weighing more than 9 pounds.

Matching -gestational diabetes

Matching -gestational hypertension

Women who enter pregnancy with iron-deficiency anemia have a greater risk of _____.

Matching -fetal alcohol syndrome

For vegetarian women during pregnancy, meeting the recommendation for food energy each day and including generous servings of protein-containing plant foods are _____.

A woman who has an active, infectious case of _____ should not breastfeed.

Matching -uterus

What are the concerns of mothers positive for HIV when it comes to breastfeeding and infant health?

Alcohol easily enters breast milk and can adversely affect the production, volume, composition, and ejection of breast milk, as well as overwhelm an infant's immature alcohol-degrading system.

During pregnancy, food energy needs increase less than nutrient needs. To achieve this balance, food selection should include _____.

How long should the infant be encouraged to nurse on each breast?

A low birthweight baby has a statistically greater chance of contracting diseases and dying early in life.

Matching -ovum

Women who develop gestational diabetes have a greater risk of developing _____ later in life.

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Digestion and Absorption

Metabolism Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span Infancy Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications - Diet Drug Interactions - and Herbal Supplements

Specialized Nutrition Support - Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate - and Fat Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Carbohydrate Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Fat Controlled - Mineral Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Protein - Mineral - and Fluid Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Cancer and HIV Infection

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