Question 1

The fact that one microgram of retinol and 12 micrograms of dietary beta-carotene are both equal to one retinol activity equivalent indicates that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​retinol has greater activity than beta-carotene 
B)  ​beta-carotene is not a significant dietary source of vitamin A 
C)  ​toxicity is more likely to occur with beta-carotene than retinol 
D)  ​beta-carotene is absorbed and converted less efficiently than retinoids 
E)  ​most individuals would benefit from retinol supplements 
A)  ​retinol has greater activity than beta-carotene 
B)  ​beta-carotene is not a significant dietary source of vitamin A 
C)  ​toxicity is more likely to occur with beta-carotene than retinol 
D)  ​beta-carotene is absorbed and converted less efficiently than retinoids 
E)  ​most individuals would benefit from retinol supplements

Question 2

Among fruits and vegetables, the best sources of beta-carotene are _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​green or yellow, like lettuce and corn 
B)  ​dark green or deep orange, like broccoli and sweet potatoes 
C)  ​green, like lettuce, peas, and snap beans 
D)  ​brightly colored, like tomatoes and lemons 
E)  ​dark red, like beets 
A)  ​green or yellow, like lettuce and corn 
B)  ​dark green or deep orange, like broccoli and sweet potatoes 
C)  ​green, like lettuce, peas, and snap beans 
D)  ​brightly colored, like tomatoes and lemons 
E)  ​dark red, like beets

Question 3

In adults, vitamin E deficiency is usually associated with diseases that cause malabsorption of carbohydrates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

One factor that might limit sun exposure and, therefore, vitamin D synthesis is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​water intake 
B)  ​veganism 
C)  ​alcohol consumption 
D)  ​sunscreen use 
E)  ​tanning bed use 
A)  ​water intake 
B)  ​veganism 
C)  ​alcohol consumption 
D)  ​sunscreen use 
E)  ​tanning bed use

Question 5

The amount of a vitamin absorbed and used by the body is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​vitamin efficiency 
B)  ​bioavailability 
C)  ​fortification 
D)  ​vitamin equivalency 
E)  ​vitamin intake 
A)  ​vitamin efficiency 
B)  ​bioavailability 
C)  ​fortification 
D)  ​vitamin equivalency 
E)  ​vitamin intake

Question 6

Excessive intakes of vitamin D by adults may result in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​greater bone density 
B)  ​mineral deposits in soft tissues such as the kidney 
C)  ​deformity of the leg bones, ribs, and skull 
D)  ​increased bone calcification 
E)  ​decreased bone calcification 
A)  ​greater bone density 
B)  ​mineral deposits in soft tissues such as the kidney 
C)  ​deformity of the leg bones, ribs, and skull 
D)  ​increased bone calcification 
E)  ​decreased bone calcification

Question 7

Riboflavin is used by the body to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​facilitate energy metabolism 
B)  ​prevent the disease pellagra 
C)  ​provide raw materials for red blood cells 
D)  ​maintain epithelial tissue​ 
E)  ​form hyaline cartilage 
A)  ​facilitate energy metabolism 
B)  ​prevent the disease pellagra 
C)  ​provide raw materials for red blood cells 
D)  ​maintain epithelial tissue​ 
E)  ​form hyaline cartilage

Question 8

Phytochemicals _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​are essential nutrients 
B)  ​are bioactive compounds found in foods 
C)  ​have no biological activity in the body 
D)  ​are nonessential nutrients 
E)  ​are only found in animal tissue 
A)  ​are essential nutrients 
B)  ​are bioactive compounds found in foods 
C)  ​have no biological activity in the body 
D)  ​are nonessential nutrients 
E)  ​are only found in animal tissue

Question 9

From the list below, choose the most reliable food source of vitamin D for children.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​whole grains 
B)  ​fortified milk 
C)  ​yogurt 
D)  ​orange juice 
E)  ​soda 
A)  ​whole grains 
B)  ​fortified milk 
C)  ​yogurt 
D)  ​orange juice 
E)  ​soda

Question 10

Matching
-gout

Accepted Answer

A) a compound that protects other compounds from oxygen by itself reacting with oxygen 
B) a bone disease characterized by softening of the bones 
C) a metabolic disease in which crystals of uric acid precipitate in the joints 
D) highly reactive chemical forms that can cause destructive changes in nearby compounds, sometimes setting up a chain reaction 
E) rupture of the red blood cells, caused by vitamin E deficiency
F)the vitamin K-deficiency disease in which blood fails to clot
G)the thiamin-deficiency disease
H)the niacin-deficiency disease
I)malformations of the brain, spinal cord, or both during embryonic development
J)the amount of niacin present in food, including the niacin that can theoretically be made from tryptophan, its precursor, present in the food 
A) a compound that protects other compounds from oxygen by itself reacting with oxygen 
B) a bone disease characterized by softening of the bones 
C) a metabolic disease in which crystals of uric acid precipitate in the joints 
D) highly reactive chemical forms that can cause destructive changes in nearby compounds, sometimes setting up a chain reaction 
E) rupture of the red blood cells, caused by vitamin E deficiency
F)the vitamin K-deficiency disease in which blood fails to clot
G)the thiamin-deficiency disease
H)the niacin-deficiency disease
I)malformations of the brain, spinal cord, or both during embryonic development
J)the amount of niacin present in food, including the niacin that can theoretically be made from tryptophan, its precursor, present in the food

Question 11

Many of the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency, such as blindness and an increase in respiratory infections, are related to the role of vitamin A in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​blood clotting 
B)  ​synthesis of visual pigment 
C)  ​maintenance of epithelial cells 
D)  ​synthesis of some hormones 
E)  ​synthesis of nephrons 
A)  ​blood clotting 
B)  ​synthesis of visual pigment 
C)  ​maintenance of epithelial cells 
D)  ​synthesis of some hormones 
E)  ​synthesis of nephrons

Question 12

Matching
-erythrocyte hemolysis

Accepted Answer

A) a compound that protects other compounds from oxygen by itself reacting with oxygen 
B) a bone disease characterized by softening of the bones 
C) a metabolic disease in which crystals of uric acid precipitate in the joints 
D) highly reactive chemical forms that can cause destructive changes in nearby compounds, sometimes setting up a chain reaction 
E) rupture of the red blood cells, caused by vitamin E deficiency
F)the vitamin K-deficiency disease in which blood fails to clot
G)the thiamin-deficiency disease
H)the niacin-deficiency disease
I)malformations of the brain, spinal cord, or both during embryonic development
J)the amount of niacin present in food, including the niacin that can theoretically be made from tryptophan, its precursor, present in the food 
A) a compound that protects other compounds from oxygen by itself reacting with oxygen 
B) a bone disease characterized by softening of the bones 
C) a metabolic disease in which crystals of uric acid precipitate in the joints 
D) highly reactive chemical forms that can cause destructive changes in nearby compounds, sometimes setting up a chain reaction 
E) rupture of the red blood cells, caused by vitamin E deficiency
F)the vitamin K-deficiency disease in which blood fails to clot
G)the thiamin-deficiency disease
H)the niacin-deficiency disease
I)malformations of the brain, spinal cord, or both during embryonic development
J)the amount of niacin present in food, including the niacin that can theoretically be made from tryptophan, its precursor, present in the food

Question 13

Which group of people needs an intake of vitamin C in excess of the RDA?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​smokers 
B)  ​professional athletes 
C)  ​the elderly 
D)  ​growing children 
E)  ​newborns 
A)  ​smokers 
B)  ​professional athletes 
C)  ​the elderly 
D)  ​growing children 
E)  ​newborns

Question 14

The body makes one unit of retinol from approximately 12 units of beta-carotene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Vitamin D deficiency is most likely observed among _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​dark-skinned people who live in the south 
B)  ​fair-skinned people who live in the south 
C)  ​dark-skinned people with limited exposure to sunlight 
D)  ​fair-skinned people with limited exposure to sunlight 
E)  ​dark-skinned people who spend a lot of time outside 
A)  ​dark-skinned people who live in the south 
B)  ​fair-skinned people who live in the south 
C)  ​dark-skinned people with limited exposure to sunlight 
D)  ​fair-skinned people with limited exposure to sunlight 
E)  ​dark-skinned people who spend a lot of time outside

Question 16

Vitamin E deficiencies are rarely observed in humans because _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​the vitamin is so widespread in foods 
B)  ​it can be synthesized by the body 
C)  ​most people take vitamin E supplements 
D)  ​it is not essential 
E)  ​we do not require large amounts 
A)  ​the vitamin is so widespread in foods 
B)  ​it can be synthesized by the body 
C)  ​most people take vitamin E supplements 
D)  ​it is not essential 
E)  ​we do not require large amounts

Question 17

Which condition is the major cause of preventable childhood blindness in the world?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​vitamin C deficiency 
B)  ​riboflavin deficiency 
C)  ​pantothenic acid deficiency 
D)  ​vitamin A deficiency 
E)  ​macular degeneration 
A)  ​vitamin C deficiency 
B)  ​riboflavin deficiency 
C)  ​pantothenic acid deficiency 
D)  ​vitamin A deficiency 
E)  ​macular degeneration

Question 18

Overconsumption of the fat-soluble vitamins results in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​accumulation, which aids in the prevention of colds and infections 
B)  ​a non-observable condition, because they are excreted 
C)  ​possible toxicity, due to an accumulation in the body 
D)  ​weight gain due to increased fat intake 
E)  ​increased excretion of water-soluble vitamins 
A)  ​accumulation, which aids in the prevention of colds and infections 
B)  ​a non-observable condition, because they are excreted 
C)  ​possible toxicity, due to an accumulation in the body 
D)  ​weight gain due to increased fat intake 
E)  ​increased excretion of water-soluble vitamins

Question 19

The chemical name for vitamin E is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​beta-carotene 
B)  ​cholecalciferol 
C)  ​ascorbic acid 
D)  ​tocopherol 
E)  ​tryptophan 
A)  ​beta-carotene 
B)  ​cholecalciferol 
C)  ​ascorbic acid 
D)  ​tocopherol 
E)  ​tryptophan

Question 20

Vitamin A plays a role in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​absorbing nutrients in the small intestine 
B)  ​maintaining healthy stomach tissues 
C)  ​curing cancer 
D)  ​maintaining healthy epithelial tissues 
E)  ​releasing energy from the energy-yielding nutrients 
A)  ​absorbing nutrients in the small intestine 
B)  ​maintaining healthy stomach tissues 
C)  ​curing cancer 
D)  ​maintaining healthy epithelial tissues 
E)  ​releasing energy from the energy-yielding nutrients

Exam 8: The Vitamins

The fact that one microgram of retinol and 12 micrograms of dietary beta-carotene are both equal to one retinol activity equivalent indicates that _____.

Among fruits and vegetables, the best sources of beta-carotene are _____.

In adults, vitamin E deficiency is usually associated with diseases that cause malabsorption of carbohydrates.

One factor that might limit sun exposure and, therefore, vitamin D synthesis is _____.

The amount of a vitamin absorbed and used by the body is called _____.

Excessive intakes of vitamin D by adults may result in _____.

Riboflavin is used by the body to _____.

Phytochemicals _____.

From the list below, choose the most reliable food source of vitamin D for children.

Matching -gout

Many of the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency, such as blindness and an increase in respiratory infections, are related to the role of vitamin A in _____.

Matching -erythrocyte hemolysis

Which group of people needs an intake of vitamin C in excess of the RDA?

The body makes one unit of retinol from approximately 12 units of beta-carotene.

Vitamin D deficiency is most likely observed among _____.

Vitamin E deficiencies are rarely observed in humans because _____.

Which condition is the major cause of preventable childhood blindness in the world?

Overconsumption of the fat-soluble vitamins results in _____.

The chemical name for vitamin E is _____.

Vitamin A plays a role in _____.

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Digestion and Absorption

Metabolism Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management Overweight and Underweight

Water and the Minerals

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span Infancy Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications - Diet Drug Interactions - and Herbal Supplements

Specialized Nutrition Support - Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate - and Fat Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Carbohydrate Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Fat Controlled - Mineral Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Protein - Mineral - and Fluid Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Cancer and HIV Infection

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