Question 1

A patient with diabetes is allowed 60 grams of carbohydrate for lunch. This equals _____ portions of carbohydrate foods.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​2 
B)  ​3 
C)  ​4 
D)  ​5 
E)  ​6 
A)  ​2 
B)  ​3 
C)  ​4 
D)  ​5 
E)  ​6

Question 2

The nurse teaches a newly diagnosed diabetic patient to treat an episode of hypoglycemia by _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​eating 15 jelly beans 
B)  ​drinking a 12-oz. soda 
C)  ​eating an apple 
D)  ​sucking slowly on a hard candy 
E)  ​drinking an energy drink 
A)  ​eating 15 jelly beans 
B)  ​drinking a 12-oz. soda 
C)  ​eating an apple 
D)  ​sucking slowly on a hard candy 
E)  ​drinking an energy drink

Question 3

What type of insulin dosage would be adjusted to better cover a diabetic patient's needs between meals and overnight?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​meal-time insulin 
B)  ​basal insulin 
C)  ​overnight insulin 
D)  ​oral insulin 
E)  ​post-prandial insulin 
A)  ​meal-time insulin 
B)  ​basal insulin 
C)  ​overnight insulin 
D)  ​oral insulin 
E)  ​post-prandial insulin

Question 4

Matching​
-​dawn phenomenon

Accepted Answer

A) ​a hormone produced by adipose cells that improves insulin sensitivity 
B) ​damage to the kidneys that results from long-term diabetes 
C) ​delayed stomach emptying caused by nerve damage in stomach tissue 
D) ​morning hyperglycemia that is caused by the early-morning release of growth hormone, which reduces insulin sensitivity 
E) ​the blood concentration of a substance that exceeds the kidneys' capacity for reabsorption, causing the substance to be passed into the urine
F)​monitoring of tissue glucose levels using a small sensor placed under the skin
G)​a lowering of blood pH that results from the excessive production of ketone bodies
H)​reduced sensitivity to insulin in muscle, adipose, and liver cells
I)​the condition of having an abnormally large body;
J)​the amount of carbohydrate that can be handled per unit of insulin
K)​a pancreatic hormone that regulates glucose metabolism
L)​a distinctive fruity odor on the breath of a person with ketosis
M)​a measurement of glycated serum proteins that reflects glycemic control over the preceding two to three weeks
N)​pertaining to blood glucose
O)​excessive urine production 
A) ​a hormone produced by adipose cells that improves insulin sensitivity 
B) ​damage to the kidneys that results from long-term diabetes 
C) ​delayed stomach emptying caused by nerve damage in stomach tissue 
D) ​morning hyperglycemia that is caused by the early-morning release of growth hormone, which reduces insulin sensitivity 
E) ​the blood concentration of a substance that exceeds the kidneys' capacity for reabsorption, causing the substance to be passed into the urine
F)​monitoring of tissue glucose levels using a small sensor placed under the skin
G)​a lowering of blood pH that results from the excessive production of ketone bodies
H)​reduced sensitivity to insulin in muscle, adipose, and liver cells
I)​the condition of having an abnormally large body;
J)​the amount of carbohydrate that can be handled per unit of insulin
K)​a pancreatic hormone that regulates glucose metabolism
L)​a distinctive fruity odor on the breath of a person with ketosis
M)​a measurement of glycated serum proteins that reflects glycemic control over the preceding two to three weeks
N)​pertaining to blood glucose
O)​excessive urine production

Question 5

Diabetes mellitus describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​elevated blood glucose 
B)  ​low hemoglobin 
C)  ​accelerated intestinal transit 
D)  ​lactose intolerance 
E)  ​poor iron absorption 
A)  ​elevated blood glucose 
B)  ​low hemoglobin 
C)  ​accelerated intestinal transit 
D)  ​lactose intolerance 
E)  ​poor iron absorption

Question 6

A 60-year-old client, Mr. Hummel, has had type 2 DM for several years. Because of a change in insurance coverage, Mr. Hummel changes doctors and at his first appointment, a comprehensive medical exam and dietary history are performed. At the next few appointments, the certified diabetes educator, a registered dietitian, takes a full dietary history.
Mr. Hummel works part-time in a seasonal sporting goods store, having retired last year after 35 years working for a manufacturing plant as a supervisor. He is married to a nurse who works full-time. He does most of the cooking and grocery shopping. He and his wife go for walks on weekends, but he does not exercise otherwise, except for doing chores around the house and occasional yard work or gardening. He is 5'9" tall and weighs 200 lbs., though when his diabetes was initially diagnosed, he weighed more.
Mr. Hummel is interested in weight reduction, especially if it will help him manage his blood glucose, and provides the following 24-hour food recall that typifies how he usually eats:
Breakfast (eats after taking morning blood glucose): Pancakes with diet syrup or a bowl of cereal (usually corn flakes, Chex, or instant oatmeal) with Sweet 'N' Low and nonfat milk. Drinks coffee throughout the day starting at breakfast with 2 nondairy coffee creamer packets per cup. May or may not have 4 oz. of 100% fruit juice depending on hunger.
Lunch (eats after taking afternoon blood glucose): Sandwich (rye or wheat bread), deck of cards-size portion of lunch meat (salami, ham, bologna, turkey, or chicken) with thinly spread mayonnaise; coffee with nondairy creamers. May or may not eat a can of soup (cream of tomato, cream of chicken, or Italian wedding soup) instead of a sandwich, with two slices of buttered rye or wheat bread.
Afternoon Snack: Canned fruit or occasionally a cookie, doughnut, a piece of pizza, or a treat, depending on availability, hunger, blood sugar, and situation. Drinks coffee with nondairy coffee creamer. Usually also has a glass of ice water before dinner.
Dinner (eats after taking evening blood glucose): Roast beef, meat loaf, steak, or another red meat; occasionally eats poultry or fish-approximate amount 8 oz.; plain baked potato, au gratin potatoes, or boiled buttered potatoes; a salad with bottled salad dressing or a vegetable, such as canned green beans; and a slice of rye or wheat bread with butter. May use ketchup, steak sauce, salt, and pepper. Drinks water with dinner.
Evening Snack: Varies-may eat a few handfuls of a bagged snack food, such as Doritos; a bag of buttered microwave popcorn; or cookies.
Labs are as follows:
Fasting glucose: 140-150 mg/dL
Glucose one to two hours after mealtime: 200 mg/dL
Average bedtime glucose: 152 mg/dL
Glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1C): 7.5%
-Mr. Hummel's BMI indicates he is _____, which likely affects his blood glucose control.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​underweight 
B)  ​at his healthy weight 
C)  ​normal, with increased muscle tissue 
D)  ​overweight 
E)  ​obese 
A)  ​underweight 
B)  ​at his healthy weight 
C)  ​normal, with increased muscle tissue 
D)  ​overweight 
E)  ​obese

Question 7

Matching​
-​diabetic nephropathy

Accepted Answer

A) ​a hormone produced by adipose cells that improves insulin sensitivity 
B) ​damage to the kidneys that results from long-term diabetes 
C) ​delayed stomach emptying caused by nerve damage in stomach tissue 
D) ​morning hyperglycemia that is caused by the early-morning release of growth hormone, which reduces insulin sensitivity 
E) ​the blood concentration of a substance that exceeds the kidneys' capacity for reabsorption, causing the substance to be passed into the urine
F)​monitoring of tissue glucose levels using a small sensor placed under the skin
G)​a lowering of blood pH that results from the excessive production of ketone bodies
H)​reduced sensitivity to insulin in muscle, adipose, and liver cells
I)​the condition of having an abnormally large body;
J)​the amount of carbohydrate that can be handled per unit of insulin
K)​a pancreatic hormone that regulates glucose metabolism
L)​a distinctive fruity odor on the breath of a person with ketosis
M)​a measurement of glycated serum proteins that reflects glycemic control over the preceding two to three weeks
N)​pertaining to blood glucose
O)​excessive urine production 
A) ​a hormone produced by adipose cells that improves insulin sensitivity 
B) ​damage to the kidneys that results from long-term diabetes 
C) ​delayed stomach emptying caused by nerve damage in stomach tissue 
D) ​morning hyperglycemia that is caused by the early-morning release of growth hormone, which reduces insulin sensitivity 
E) ​the blood concentration of a substance that exceeds the kidneys' capacity for reabsorption, causing the substance to be passed into the urine
F)​monitoring of tissue glucose levels using a small sensor placed under the skin
G)​a lowering of blood pH that results from the excessive production of ketone bodies
H)​reduced sensitivity to insulin in muscle, adipose, and liver cells
I)​the condition of having an abnormally large body;
J)​the amount of carbohydrate that can be handled per unit of insulin
K)​a pancreatic hormone that regulates glucose metabolism
L)​a distinctive fruity odor on the breath of a person with ketosis
M)​a measurement of glycated serum proteins that reflects glycemic control over the preceding two to three weeks
N)​pertaining to blood glucose
O)​excessive urine production

Question 8

Matching​
-​insulin

Accepted Answer

A) ​a hormone produced by adipose cells that improves insulin sensitivity 
B) ​damage to the kidneys that results from long-term diabetes 
C) ​delayed stomach emptying caused by nerve damage in stomach tissue 
D) ​morning hyperglycemia that is caused by the early-morning release of growth hormone, which reduces insulin sensitivity 
E) ​the blood concentration of a substance that exceeds the kidneys' capacity for reabsorption, causing the substance to be passed into the urine
F)​monitoring of tissue glucose levels using a small sensor placed under the skin
G)​a lowering of blood pH that results from the excessive production of ketone bodies
H)​reduced sensitivity to insulin in muscle, adipose, and liver cells
I)​the condition of having an abnormally large body;
J)​the amount of carbohydrate that can be handled per unit of insulin
K)​a pancreatic hormone that regulates glucose metabolism
L)​a distinctive fruity odor on the breath of a person with ketosis
M)​a measurement of glycated serum proteins that reflects glycemic control over the preceding two to three weeks
N)​pertaining to blood glucose
O)​excessive urine production 
A) ​a hormone produced by adipose cells that improves insulin sensitivity 
B) ​damage to the kidneys that results from long-term diabetes 
C) ​delayed stomach emptying caused by nerve damage in stomach tissue 
D) ​morning hyperglycemia that is caused by the early-morning release of growth hormone, which reduces insulin sensitivity 
E) ​the blood concentration of a substance that exceeds the kidneys' capacity for reabsorption, causing the substance to be passed into the urine
F)​monitoring of tissue glucose levels using a small sensor placed under the skin
G)​a lowering of blood pH that results from the excessive production of ketone bodies
H)​reduced sensitivity to insulin in muscle, adipose, and liver cells
I)​the condition of having an abnormally large body;
J)​the amount of carbohydrate that can be handled per unit of insulin
K)​a pancreatic hormone that regulates glucose metabolism
L)​a distinctive fruity odor on the breath of a person with ketosis
M)​a measurement of glycated serum proteins that reflects glycemic control over the preceding two to three weeks
N)​pertaining to blood glucose
O)​excessive urine production

Question 9

It is appropriate for clients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes to take oral antidiabetic agents and forego recommended dietary changes.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Sam is an African-American male who is obese and has a family history of diabetes. The nurse recognizes that Sam has _____ of the major risk factors for type 2 diabetes.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​0 
B)  ​1 
C)  ​2 
D)  ​3 
E)  ​4 
A)  ​0 
B)  ​1 
C)  ​2 
D)  ​3 
E)  ​4

Question 11

Type 2 diabetes is most closely associated with _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​autoimmune diseases 
B)  ​environmental toxins 
C)  ​destruction of pancreatic beta cells 
D)  ​viral infection 
E)  ​insulin resistance 
A)  ​autoimmune diseases 
B)  ​environmental toxins 
C)  ​destruction of pancreatic beta cells 
D)  ​viral infection 
E)  ​insulin resistance

Question 12

The leading cause of death in people with diabetes is _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​cardiovascular disease 
B)  ​infection 
C)  ​injury 
D)  ​stroke 
E)  ​cancer 
A)  ​cardiovascular disease 
B)  ​infection 
C)  ​injury 
D)  ​stroke 
E)  ​cancer

Question 13

Type 2 diabetes often goes undiagnosed in overweight children and teens because _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​their glucose levels vary with their stage of growth 
B)  ​there are frequently no symptoms 
C)  ​blood glucose tests are not accurate in children and teens 
D)  ​their lifestyles are not conducive to screening for the disease 
E)  ​they have other nutrient deficiencies that mask their symptoms 
A)  ​their glucose levels vary with their stage of growth 
B)  ​there are frequently no symptoms 
C)  ​blood glucose tests are not accurate in children and teens 
D)  ​their lifestyles are not conducive to screening for the disease 
E)  ​they have other nutrient deficiencies that mask their symptoms

Question 14

Identify the acute complications of diabetes and explain why they occur.​

Accepted Answer

Untreated diabetes may result in life-th

Question 15

Matching​
-​ketoacidosis

Accepted Answer

A) ​a hormone produced by adipose cells that improves insulin sensitivity 
B) ​damage to the kidneys that results from long-term diabetes 
C) ​delayed stomach emptying caused by nerve damage in stomach tissue 
D) ​morning hyperglycemia that is caused by the early-morning release of growth hormone, which reduces insulin sensitivity 
E) ​the blood concentration of a substance that exceeds the kidneys' capacity for reabsorption, causing the substance to be passed into the urine
F)​monitoring of tissue glucose levels using a small sensor placed under the skin
G)​a lowering of blood pH that results from the excessive production of ketone bodies
H)​reduced sensitivity to insulin in muscle, adipose, and liver cells
I)​the condition of having an abnormally large body;
J)​the amount of carbohydrate that can be handled per unit of insulin
K)​a pancreatic hormone that regulates glucose metabolism
L)​a distinctive fruity odor on the breath of a person with ketosis
M)​a measurement of glycated serum proteins that reflects glycemic control over the preceding two to three weeks
N)​pertaining to blood glucose
O)​excessive urine production 
A) ​a hormone produced by adipose cells that improves insulin sensitivity 
B) ​damage to the kidneys that results from long-term diabetes 
C) ​delayed stomach emptying caused by nerve damage in stomach tissue 
D) ​morning hyperglycemia that is caused by the early-morning release of growth hormone, which reduces insulin sensitivity 
E) ​the blood concentration of a substance that exceeds the kidneys' capacity for reabsorption, causing the substance to be passed into the urine
F)​monitoring of tissue glucose levels using a small sensor placed under the skin
G)​a lowering of blood pH that results from the excessive production of ketone bodies
H)​reduced sensitivity to insulin in muscle, adipose, and liver cells
I)​the condition of having an abnormally large body;
J)​the amount of carbohydrate that can be handled per unit of insulin
K)​a pancreatic hormone that regulates glucose metabolism
L)​a distinctive fruity odor on the breath of a person with ketosis
M)​a measurement of glycated serum proteins that reflects glycemic control over the preceding two to three weeks
N)​pertaining to blood glucose
O)​excessive urine production

Question 16

Which group of symptoms is characteristic of the metabolic syndrome?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, reduced HDL cholesterol levels 
B)  ​hypertension, hypoglycemia, abdominal obesity 
C)  ​elevated liver enzymes, insulin resistance, microalbuminuria 
D)  ​polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia 
E)  ​urinary retention, excess sweating, edema 
A)  ​insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, reduced HDL cholesterol levels 
B)  ​hypertension, hypoglycemia, abdominal obesity 
C)  ​elevated liver enzymes, insulin resistance, microalbuminuria 
D)  ​polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia 
E)  ​urinary retention, excess sweating, edema

Question 17

If a person does not produce sufficient insulin, he is more likely to develop _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​hyperglycemia 
B)  ​poor appetite 
C)  ​low albumin levels 
D)  ​hypoglycemia 
E)  ​ketoacidosis 
A)  ​hyperglycemia 
B)  ​poor appetite 
C)  ​low albumin levels 
D)  ​hypoglycemia 
E)  ​ketoacidosis

Question 18

By the time symptoms of type 1 diabetes develop, damage to the beta cells has often occurred and the first sign of the disease is _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​ketoacidosis 
B)  ​hypoglycemia 
C)  ​high blood lipids 
D)  ​microalbuminuria 
E)  ​elevated hemoglobin A1C 
A)  ​ketoacidosis 
B)  ​hypoglycemia 
C)  ​high blood lipids 
D)  ​microalbuminuria 
E)  ​elevated hemoglobin A1C

Question 19

Matching​
-macrosomia​

Accepted Answer

A) ​a hormone produced by adipose cells that improves insulin sensitivity 
B) ​damage to the kidneys that results from long-term diabetes 
C) ​delayed stomach emptying caused by nerve damage in stomach tissue 
D) ​morning hyperglycemia that is caused by the early-morning release of growth hormone, which reduces insulin sensitivity 
E) ​the blood concentration of a substance that exceeds the kidneys' capacity for reabsorption, causing the substance to be passed into the urine
F)​monitoring of tissue glucose levels using a small sensor placed under the skin
G)​a lowering of blood pH that results from the excessive production of ketone bodies
H)​reduced sensitivity to insulin in muscle, adipose, and liver cells
I)​the condition of having an abnormally large body;
J)​the amount of carbohydrate that can be handled per unit of insulin
K)​a pancreatic hormone that regulates glucose metabolism
L)​a distinctive fruity odor on the breath of a person with ketosis
M)​a measurement of glycated serum proteins that reflects glycemic control over the preceding two to three weeks
N)​pertaining to blood glucose
O)​excessive urine production 
A) ​a hormone produced by adipose cells that improves insulin sensitivity 
B) ​damage to the kidneys that results from long-term diabetes 
C) ​delayed stomach emptying caused by nerve damage in stomach tissue 
D) ​morning hyperglycemia that is caused by the early-morning release of growth hormone, which reduces insulin sensitivity 
E) ​the blood concentration of a substance that exceeds the kidneys' capacity for reabsorption, causing the substance to be passed into the urine
F)​monitoring of tissue glucose levels using a small sensor placed under the skin
G)​a lowering of blood pH that results from the excessive production of ketone bodies
H)​reduced sensitivity to insulin in muscle, adipose, and liver cells
I)​the condition of having an abnormally large body;
J)​the amount of carbohydrate that can be handled per unit of insulin
K)​a pancreatic hormone that regulates glucose metabolism
L)​a distinctive fruity odor on the breath of a person with ketosis
M)​a measurement of glycated serum proteins that reflects glycemic control over the preceding two to three weeks
N)​pertaining to blood glucose
O)​excessive urine production

Question 20

Which compound(s) formed in the body during an episode of hyperglycemia can alter protein structures and stimulate damaging metabolic pathways?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​sorbitol 
B)  ​glycophosphate 
C)  ​advanced glycation end products 
D)  ​low-density lipoproteins 
E)  ​fructosamine 
A)  ​sorbitol 
B)  ​glycophosphate 
C)  ​advanced glycation end products 
D)  ​low-density lipoproteins 
E)  ​fructosamine

Exam 20: Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus

A patient with diabetes is allowed 60 grams of carbohydrate for lunch. This equals _____ portions of carbohydrate foods.​

The nurse teaches a newly diagnosed diabetic patient to treat an episode of hypoglycemia by _____.​

What type of insulin dosage would be adjusted to better cover a diabetic patient's needs between meals and overnight?​

Matching​ -​dawn phenomenon

Diabetes mellitus describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by _____.​

Matching​ -​diabetic nephropathy

Matching​ -​insulin

It is appropriate for clients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes to take oral antidiabetic agents and forego recommended dietary changes.​

Sam is an African-American male who is obese and has a family history of diabetes. The nurse recognizes that Sam has _____ of the major risk factors for type 2 diabetes.​

Type 2 diabetes is most closely associated with _____.​

The leading cause of death in people with diabetes is _____.​

Type 2 diabetes often goes undiagnosed in overweight children and teens because _____.​

Identify the acute complications of diabetes and explain why they occur.​

Matching​ -​ketoacidosis

Which group of symptoms is characteristic of the metabolic syndrome?​

If a person does not produce sufficient insulin, he is more likely to develop _____.​

By the time symptoms of type 1 diabetes develop, damage to the beta cells has often occurred and the first sign of the disease is _____.​

Matching​ -macrosomia​

Which compound(s) formed in the body during an episode of hyperglycemia can alter protein structures and stimulate damaging metabolic pathways?​

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management - Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Pregnancy and Infancy

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Later Adulthood

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Nutrition and Disorders of the Heart and Blood Vessels

Nutrition and Renal Diseases

Nutrition - Cancer - and HIV Infection

Filters

A patient with diabetes is allowed 60 grams of carbohydrate for lunch. This equals _____ portions of carbohydrate foods.

The nurse teaches a newly diagnosed diabetic patient to treat an episode of hypoglycemia by _____.

What type of insulin dosage would be adjusted to better cover a diabetic patient's needs between meals and overnight?

Matching -dawn phenomenon

Diabetes mellitus describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by _____.

Matching -diabetic nephropathy

Matching -insulin

It is appropriate for clients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes to take oral antidiabetic agents and forego recommended dietary changes.

Sam is an African-American male who is obese and has a family history of diabetes. The nurse recognizes that Sam has _____ of the major risk factors for type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is most closely associated with _____.

The leading cause of death in people with diabetes is _____.

Type 2 diabetes often goes undiagnosed in overweight children and teens because _____.

Identify the acute complications of diabetes and explain why they occur.

Matching -ketoacidosis

Which group of symptoms is characteristic of the metabolic syndrome?

If a person does not produce sufficient insulin, he is more likely to develop _____.

By the time symptoms of type 1 diabetes develop, damage to the beta cells has often occurred and the first sign of the disease is _____.

Matching -macrosomia

Which compound(s) formed in the body during an episode of hyperglycemia can alter protein structures and stimulate damaging metabolic pathways?