Exam 12: Body Defenses

Why is glucose NOT normally found in the urine?

If the plasma concentration of substance X is 200 mg/100 mL and the GFR is 125 mL/min, the filtered load of this substance is ____________________.

Which one of these statements does NOT correctly apply to extrinsic control of the GFR?

Compare and contrast renal actions at the proximal and distal tubules.

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. a.collecting tubules empty into this structure b.stores the urine c.passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen d.carries blood to the glomerulus e.tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate f.passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule g.urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis h.collects the glomerular filtrate i.passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries j.functional unit of the kidney k.supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients l.carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network m.tube through which urine leaves the body n.variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control o.responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney p.glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here -urethra

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.increases b.decreases c.has no effect on -Increased vasopressin secretion __________ urinary output.

When arterial blood pressure is elevated above normal, which compensatory change in renal function occurs as a result of the baroreceptor reflex?

What establishes the medullary vertical osmotic gradient by means of countercurrent multiplication?

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. a.collecting tubules empty into this structure b.stores the urine c.passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen d.carries blood to the glomerulus e.tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate f.passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule g.urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis h.collects the glomerular filtrate i.passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries j.functional unit of the kidney k.supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients l.carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network m.tube through which urine leaves the body n.variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control o.responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney p.glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here -renal pelvis

Tubular ____________________ and tubular ____________________ are selective processes that occur in the nephron.

Match the correct statements about sodium reabsorption, labelled a. through c., with the characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.sodium reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules b.sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule c.sodium reabsorption coupled with chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle -represents 67 percent of Na⁺ reabsorbed

Which of the following does NOT correctly describe the vertical osmotic gradient in the kidney?

Which of the following is the specialized nephron capillary bed where filtration occurs?

Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion are highly selective processes, whereas glomerular filtration is not.

The glomerular capillary blood pressure is higher than capillary pressure elsewhere in the body primarily because the afferent arteriole has a larger diameter than the efferent arteriole.

Two means by which substances can enter the renal tubules are ____________________ and ____________________. Two means by which substances can leave the kidney tubules are ____________________ and ____________________.

Which of these mechanisms is NOT responsible for producing concentrated urine?

ADH release is the main stimulus for the secretion of aldosterone.

Which factor would reduce net filtration pressure the most?

Match the renal functions, labelled a. through d., with the correct terms. a.movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen b.movement of substances from the glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen c.everything filtered or secreted that is not subsequently reabsorbed d.movement of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillary blood -urine excretion