Question 1

What segment of the nephron is NOT permeable to H2O, even in the presence of vasopressin?

Accepted Answer

A) proximal tubule 
B) ascending limb of the loop of Henle 
C)  descending limb of the loop of Henle 
D)  distal tubule 
A) proximal tubule 
B) ascending limb of the loop of Henle 
C)  descending limb of the loop of Henle 
D)  distal tubule

Question 2

Match the substances, labelled a. through f., with the processes listed.
a.KS1U1P1+S1S1P0
b.glucose
c.inulin
d.plasma protein
e.urea
f.HS1U1P1+S1S1P0
-not filtered

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the substances, labelled a. through f.,...

Question 3

Below is a listing of nephron components and associated structures: 1. descending limb of loop of Henle
2) Bowman's capsule
3) collecting tubule
4) ascending limb of loop of Henle
5) distal tubule
6) proximal tubule
What is the correct order of flow of filtrate through these structures?

Accepted Answer

A) 4, 6, 5, 3, 2, 1 
B) 2, 6, 1, 4, 5, 3 
C)  2, 5, 6, 3, 1, 4 
D)  3, 2, 6, 1, 4, 5 
A) 4, 6, 5, 3, 2, 1 
B) 2, 6, 1, 4, 5, 3 
C)  2, 5, 6, 3, 1, 4 
D)  3, 2, 6, 1, 4, 5

Question 4

Contraction of mesangial cells closes off a portion of the filtering capillaries, which leads to a decrease in GFR if the filtration pressure remains unchanged.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The vast majority of the filtered fluid is reabsorbed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The smooth muscle of the bladder is innervated by parasympathetic fibres.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Tubular secretion involves the movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which statement applies to inulin?

Accepted Answer

A) It is filtered, not reabsorbed, but secreted. 
B) It is filtered, not reabsorbed, and not secreted. 
C)  It is filtered, reabsorbed, and not secreted. 
D)  It is filtered, reabsorbed, and secreted. 
A) It is filtered, not reabsorbed, but secreted. 
B) It is filtered, not reabsorbed, and not secreted. 
C)  It is filtered, reabsorbed, and not secreted. 
D)  It is filtered, reabsorbed, and secreted.

Question 9

Vasopressin is also known as ____________________, indicative of its effect on the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

antidiuret

Question 10

Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is the same as in capillaries elsewhere in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following occurs after stimulation of the macula densa cells?

Accepted Answer

A) vasodilation of the afferent arteriole 
B) vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole 
C)  increased GFR 
D)  secretion of erythropoietin 
A) vasodilation of the afferent arteriole 
B) vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole 
C)  increased GFR 
D)  secretion of erythropoietin

Question 12

The amount of glucose reabsorbed is directly proportional to the plasma glucose concentration at all plasma glucose concentrations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

What is the major waste product of nitrogen metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) plasma proteins 
B) urea 
C)  glucose 
D)  amino acids 
A) plasma proteins 
B) urea 
C)  glucose 
D)  amino acids

Question 14

Which of these statements correctly describes tubular secretion?

Accepted Answer

A) It refers to the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen. 
B) It can occur by active or passive transport mechanisms. 
C)  Tubular secretion of K+ occurs in the proximal convoluted tubules and is stimulated by aldosterone. 
D)  It is a supplemental mechanism that hastens elimination of compounds from the body. 
A) It refers to the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen. 
B) It can occur by active or passive transport mechanisms. 
C)  Tubular secretion of K+ occurs in the proximal convoluted tubules and is stimulated by aldosterone. 
D)  It is a supplemental mechanism that hastens elimination of compounds from the body.

Question 15

____________________ is increased urinary output of H2O with little or no increase in excretion of solutes; ____________________ refers to increased excretion of both H2O and solutes.

Accepted Answer

Water diur

Question 16

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe the countercurrent system?

Accepted Answer

A) The loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons are responsible for establishing a vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla by countercurrent multiplication. 
B) The active NaCl pump of the ascending limb of Henle's limb can establish a 200 mOsm/litre concentration difference between the ascending and descending limbs at any given horizontal level. 
C)  By means of countercurrent exchange, the vasa recta preserve the vertical osmotic gradient while supplying blood to the medullary tissue. 
D)  The collecting tubules of all nephrons utilize the driving force of the vertical osmotic gradient to accomplish variable H2O reabsorption under the control of vasopressin, which governs their permeability. 
A) The loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons are responsible for establishing a vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla by countercurrent multiplication. 
B) The active NaCl pump of the ascending limb of Henle's limb can establish a 200 mOsm/litre concentration difference between the ascending and descending limbs at any given horizontal level. 
C)  By means of countercurrent exchange, the vasa recta preserve the vertical osmotic gradient while supplying blood to the medullary tissue. 
D)  The collecting tubules of all nephrons utilize the driving force of the vertical osmotic gradient to accomplish variable H2O reabsorption under the control of vasopressin, which governs their permeability.

Question 17

Where are the osmoreceptors that contribute to water balance located?

Accepted Answer

A) adrenal cortex 
B) hypothalamus 
C)  juxtaglomerular apparatus 
D)  renal cortex 
A) adrenal cortex 
B) hypothalamus 
C)  juxtaglomerular apparatus 
D)  renal cortex

Question 18

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.renin
b.angiotensinogen
c.angiotensin I
d.angiotensin II
e.aldosterone
f.atrial natriuretic peptide
-secretion directly stimulated by a low plasma K+ concentration

Accepted Answer

Question 19

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics.
a.urea
b.creatinine
c.uric acid
d.NaS1U1P1+S1S1P0
e.glucose
-reabsorbed when H+ is secreted

Accepted Answer

Question 20

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.renin
b.angiotensinogen
c.angiotensin I
d.angiotensin II
e.aldosterone
f.atrial natriuretic peptide
-inhibits Na+ reabsorption by the renal tubules

Accepted Answer

What segment of the nephron is NOT permeable to H₂O, even in the presence of vasopressin?

Match the substances, labelled a. through f., with the processes listed. a.K⁺ b.glucose c.inulin d.plasma protein e.urea f.H⁺ -not filtered

Below is a listing of nephron components and associated structures: 1. descending limb of loop of Henle 2) Bowman's capsule 3) collecting tubule 4) ascending limb of loop of Henle 5) distal tubule 6) proximal tubule What is the correct order of flow of filtrate through these structures?

Contraction of mesangial cells closes off a portion of the filtering capillaries, which leads to a decrease in GFR if the filtration pressure remains unchanged.

The vast majority of the filtered fluid is reabsorbed.

The smooth muscle of the bladder is innervated by parasympathetic fibres.

Tubular secretion involves the movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular fluid.

Which statement applies to inulin?

Vasopressin is also known as ____________________, indicative of its effect on the kidneys.

Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is the same as in capillaries elsewhere in the body.

Which of the following occurs after stimulation of the macula densa cells?

The amount of glucose reabsorbed is directly proportional to the plasma glucose concentration at all plasma glucose concentrations.

What is the major waste product of nitrogen metabolism?

Which of these statements correctly describes tubular secretion?

is increased urinary output of H₂O with little or no increase in excretion of solutes; refers to increased excretion of both H₂O and solutes.

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe the countercurrent system?

Where are the osmoreceptors that contribute to water balance located?

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics. a.urea b.creatinine c.uric acid d.Na⁺ e.glucose -reabsorbed when H⁺ is secreted

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.renin b.angiotensinogen c.angiotensin I d.angiotensin II e.aldosterone f.atrial natriuretic peptide -inhibits Na⁺ reabsorption by the renal tubules

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Filters

Exam 12: Body Defenses

What segment of the nephron is NOT permeable to H2O, even in the presence of vasopressin?

Match the substances, labelled a. through f., with the processes listed. a.K+ b.glucose c.inulin d.plasma protein e.urea f.H+ -not filtered

Below is a listing of nephron components and associated structures: 1. descending limb of loop of Henle 2) Bowman's capsule 3) collecting tubule 4) ascending limb of loop of Henle 5) distal tubule 6) proximal tubule What is the correct order of flow of filtrate through these structures?

Contraction of mesangial cells closes off a portion of the filtering capillaries, which leads to a decrease in GFR if the filtration pressure remains unchanged.

The vast majority of the filtered fluid is reabsorbed.

The smooth muscle of the bladder is innervated by parasympathetic fibres.

Tubular secretion involves the movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular fluid.

Which statement applies to inulin?

Vasopressin is also known as ____________________, indicative of its effect on the kidneys.

Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is the same as in capillaries elsewhere in the body.

Which of the following occurs after stimulation of the macula densa cells?

The amount of glucose reabsorbed is directly proportional to the plasma glucose concentration at all plasma glucose concentrations.

What is the major waste product of nitrogen metabolism?

Which of these statements correctly describes tubular secretion?

____________________ is increased urinary output of H2O with little or no increase in excretion of solutes; ____________________ refers to increased excretion of both H2O and solutes.

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe the countercurrent system?

Where are the osmoreceptors that contribute to water balance located?

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.renin b.angiotensinogen c.angiotensin I d.angiotensin II e.aldosterone f.atrial natriuretic peptide -secretion directly stimulated by a low plasma K+ concentration

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics. a.urea b.creatinine c.uric acid d.Na+ e.glucose -reabsorbed when H+ is secreted

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.renin b.angiotensinogen c.angiotensin I d.angiotensin II e.aldosterone f.atrial natriuretic peptide -inhibits Na+ reabsorption by the renal tubules

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Filters

What segment of the nephron is NOT permeable to H₂O, even in the presence of vasopressin?

Match the substances, labelled a. through f., with the processes listed. a.K⁺ b.glucose c.inulin d.plasma protein e.urea f.H⁺ -not filtered

is increased urinary output of H₂O with little or no increase in excretion of solutes; refers to increased excretion of both H₂O and solutes.

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics. a.urea b.creatinine c.uric acid d.Na⁺ e.glucose -reabsorbed when H⁺ is secreted

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.renin b.angiotensinogen c.angiotensin I d.angiotensin II e.aldosterone f.atrial natriuretic peptide -inhibits Na⁺ reabsorption by the renal tubules