Question 1

Which statement correctly describes glomerular filtration?

Accepted Answer

A) It occurs in the loop of Henle. 
B) It is the process by which plasma water, electrolytes, and small molecules are separated from blood cells and protein. 
C)  It is the process by which a substance is transported from the tubular fluid to the peritubular capillaries. 
D)  It is greater when glomerular capsular pressure is higher. 
A) It occurs in the loop of Henle. 
B) It is the process by which plasma water, electrolytes, and small molecules are separated from blood cells and protein. 
C)  It is the process by which a substance is transported from the tubular fluid to the peritubular capillaries. 
D)  It is greater when glomerular capsular pressure is higher.

Question 2

Describe micturition in an adult and a baby.

Accepted Answer

Micturition, also known as urination, is

Question 3

The functional unit of the kidneys is the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The functional unit of the kidneys is...

Question 4

Which statement correctly describes the loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons?

Accepted Answer

A) The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is freely permeable to H2O and NaCl. 
B) The filtrate is isotonic as it enters the loop of Henle, hypertonic at the tip of the loop, and hypotonic as it leaves the loop of Henle. 
C)  The descending limb of the loop of Henle actively transports NaCl out of the tubule into the interstitial fluid. 
D)  It is located at the junction of the renal cortex and the medulla. 
A) The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is freely permeable to H2O and NaCl. 
B) The filtrate is isotonic as it enters the loop of Henle, hypertonic at the tip of the loop, and hypotonic as it leaves the loop of Henle. 
C)  The descending limb of the loop of Henle actively transports NaCl out of the tubule into the interstitial fluid. 
D)  It is located at the junction of the renal cortex and the medulla.

Question 5

What enable the kidneys to produce urine of varying concentrations and volumes depending on the body's needs?

Accepted Answer

A) the Na+-K+ ATPase pump and cotransport carriers 
B) the juxtaglomerular apparatus and vasa recta 
C)  the podocytes and peritubular capillaries 
D)  the medullary vertical osmotic gradient and vasopressin 
A) the Na+-K+ ATPase pump and cotransport carriers 
B) the juxtaglomerular apparatus and vasa recta 
C)  the podocytes and peritubular capillaries 
D)  the medullary vertical osmotic gradient and vasopressin

Question 6

The group of cells located where the distal tubule comes into contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron is known as the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The ____________________ transforms many foreign organic compounds into ionic form, which facilitates their elimination from the body because such conversion enables them to be secreted by the organic anion transport system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________ transforms many foreign organic compounds...

Question 8

Which statement regarding tubular reabsorption is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A) It refers to the movement of a substance from the tubular fluid to the peritubular capillary blood. 
B) It is important for the conservation of substances important to the body, such as Na+, Cl-, glucose, and amino acids. 
C)  It can occur by active or passive transport mechanisms. 
D)  It takes place only in the proximal tubule. 
A) It refers to the movement of a substance from the tubular fluid to the peritubular capillary blood. 
B) It is important for the conservation of substances important to the body, such as Na+, Cl-, glucose, and amino acids. 
C)  It can occur by active or passive transport mechanisms. 
D)  It takes place only in the proximal tubule.

Question 9

Which of these force favours glomerular filtration?

Accepted Answer

A) glomerular capillary osmotic pressure 
B) capsular osmotic pressure 
C)  capsular hydrostatic pressure 
D)  glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure 
A) glomerular capillary osmotic pressure 
B) capsular osmotic pressure 
C)  capsular hydrostatic pressure 
D)  glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 10

All of the plasma that enters the glomerulus is normally filtered into Bowman's capsule except for the plasma proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe water reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

A) It occurs passively by osmosis in the proximal tubule. 
B) It is under the control of vasopressin in the distal and collecting tubules. 
C)  It occurs by active transport in the distal and collecting tubules. 
D)  It occurs passively in the descending limb of loop of Henle. 
A) It occurs passively by osmosis in the proximal tubule. 
B) It is under the control of vasopressin in the distal and collecting tubules. 
C)  It occurs by active transport in the distal and collecting tubules. 
D)  It occurs passively in the descending limb of loop of Henle.

Question 12

The plasma clearance of the organic anion ____________________ is equal to the renal plasma flow.

Accepted Answer

para-amino

Question 13

What are the distal and collecting tubules the site of?

Accepted Answer

A) the cotransport carriers for glucose and amino acid reabsorption 
B) the organic ion secretory systems 
C)  aldosterone and vasopressin action 
D)  glucose reabsorption 
A) the cotransport carriers for glucose and amino acid reabsorption 
B) the organic ion secretory systems 
C)  aldosterone and vasopressin action 
D)  glucose reabsorption

Question 14

The glomerular filtrate is almost identical in composition to the plasma.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of these statements correctly describes glomerular filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A) It is plasma-free blood. 
B) It is formed as a result of passive forces acting across the glomerular membrane. 
C)  It does not contain foreign compounds because these substances are secreted by special transport mechanisms in the proximal tubule instead. 
D)  Its rate is increased by increased plasma protein level. 
A) It is plasma-free blood. 
B) It is formed as a result of passive forces acting across the glomerular membrane. 
C)  It does not contain foreign compounds because these substances are secreted by special transport mechanisms in the proximal tubule instead. 
D)  Its rate is increased by increased plasma protein level.

Question 16

Water reabsorption cannot occur from any portion of the nephron in the absence of vasopressin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p.
a.collecting tubules empty into this structure
b.stores the urine
c.passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen
d.carries blood to the glomerulus
e.tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
f.passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
g.urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
h.collects the glomerular filtrate
i.passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
j.functional unit of the kidney
k.supplies the renal tissue with OS1U1B12S1U1B0 and nutrients
l.carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
m.tube through which urine leaves the body
n.variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
o.responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
p.glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here
-loop of Henle

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the renal structures or activities with...

Question 18

The tubular cells display a Tm for urea.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe water reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

A) It occurs by active transport in the distal and collecting tubules 
B) It occurs to the greatest extent in the proximal convoluted tubule. 
C)  It is under vasopressin control in the distal and collecting tubules. 
D)  It occurs by active transport in the distal and collecting tubules. 
A) It occurs by active transport in the distal and collecting tubules 
B) It occurs to the greatest extent in the proximal convoluted tubule. 
C)  It is under vasopressin control in the distal and collecting tubules. 
D)  It occurs by active transport in the distal and collecting tubules.

Question 20

Which of these statements does NOT apply to ADH?

Accepted Answer

A) It is also called vasopressin. 
B) It is not secreted if the body consumes large amounts of water. 
C)  It is produced by the distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  It is secreted if the body fluids become hypertonic. 
A) It is also called vasopressin. 
B) It is not secreted if the body consumes large amounts of water. 
C)  It is produced by the distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  It is secreted if the body fluids become hypertonic.

Which statement correctly describes glomerular filtration?

Describe micturition in an adult and a baby.

The functional unit of the kidneys is the ____________________.

Which statement correctly describes the loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons?

What enable the kidneys to produce urine of varying concentrations and volumes depending on the body's needs?

The group of cells located where the distal tubule comes into contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron is known as the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

The ____________________ transforms many foreign organic compounds into ionic form, which facilitates their elimination from the body because such conversion enables them to be secreted by the organic anion transport system.

Which statement regarding tubular reabsorption is INCORRECT?

Which of these force favours glomerular filtration?

All of the plasma that enters the glomerulus is normally filtered into Bowman's capsule except for the plasma proteins.

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe water reabsorption?

The plasma clearance of the organic anion ____________________ is equal to the renal plasma flow.

What are the distal and collecting tubules the site of?

The glomerular filtrate is almost identical in composition to the plasma.

Which of these statements correctly describes glomerular filtrate?

Water reabsorption cannot occur from any portion of the nephron in the absence of vasopressin.

The tubular cells display a T_m for urea.

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe water reabsorption?

Which of these statements does NOT apply to ADH?

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Filters

Exam 12: Body Defenses

Which statement correctly describes glomerular filtration?

Describe micturition in an adult and a baby.

The functional unit of the kidneys is the ____________________.

Which statement correctly describes the loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons?

What enable the kidneys to produce urine of varying concentrations and volumes depending on the body's needs?

The group of cells located where the distal tubule comes into contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron is known as the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

The ____________________ transforms many foreign organic compounds into ionic form, which facilitates their elimination from the body because such conversion enables them to be secreted by the organic anion transport system.

Which statement regarding tubular reabsorption is INCORRECT?

Which of these force favours glomerular filtration?

All of the plasma that enters the glomerulus is normally filtered into Bowman's capsule except for the plasma proteins.

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe water reabsorption?

The plasma clearance of the organic anion ____________________ is equal to the renal plasma flow.

What are the distal and collecting tubules the site of?

The glomerular filtrate is almost identical in composition to the plasma.

Which of these statements correctly describes glomerular filtrate?

Water reabsorption cannot occur from any portion of the nephron in the absence of vasopressin.

The tubular cells display a Tm for urea.

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe water reabsorption?

Which of these statements does NOT apply to ADH?

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Filters

The tubular cells display a T_m for urea.