Question 1

Variation in percentage of body water among individuals is due primarily to which of these factors?

Accepted Answer

A) differences in amount of adipose tissue 
B) differences in total muscle mass 
C)  differences in vasopressin secretion 
D)  differences in drinking habits 
A) differences in amount of adipose tissue 
B) differences in total muscle mass 
C)  differences in vasopressin secretion 
D)  differences in drinking habits A

Question 2

The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.exhibits no change
b.is increased
c.is decreased
-amount of Na+ excreted

Accepted Answer

c

Question 3

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A) It includes plasma. 
B) It includes interstitial fluid. 
C)  It constitutes a greater percentage of total body water than does intracellular fluid. 
D)  It includes synovial fluid.
Refer to the acid-base abnormality that would result from severe pneumonia in which gas exchange is impaired. 
A) It includes plasma. 
B) It includes interstitial fluid. 
C)  It constitutes a greater percentage of total body water than does intracellular fluid. 
D)  It includes synovial fluid.
Refer to the acid-base abnormality that would result from severe pneumonia in which gas exchange is impaired. C

Question 4

The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.exhibits no change
b.is increased
c.is decreased
-thirst

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following refer to the events that...

Question 5

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.overhydration
b.dehydration
c.both overhydration and dehydration
d.neither overhydration nor dehydration
-This occurs as a consequence of excessive fluid intake.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d.,...

Question 6

Which mechanism does NOT directly or indirectly control sodium?

Accepted Answer

A) the baroreceptor reflexes 
B) the renin-angiotensin mechanism 
C)  aldosterone activity 
D)  altered gastrointestinal absorption
Refer to the acid-base abnormality that would result from severe pneumonia in which gas exchange is impaired. 
A) the baroreceptor reflexes 
B) the renin-angiotensin mechanism 
C)  aldosterone activity 
D)  altered gastrointestinal absorption
Refer to the acid-base abnormality that would result from severe pneumonia in which gas exchange is impaired.

Question 7

Diabetes insipidus often leads to hypertonicity of the body fluids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Match the buffer systems, labelled a. through d., with their correct characteristic.
a.haemoglobin buffer system
b.phosphate buffer system
c.protein buffer system
d.HS1U1B12S1U1B0COS1U1B13S1U1B0:HCOS1U1B13S1U1B0S1U1P1-S1S1P0 buffer system
-important urinary buffer
A person with diarrhoea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This loss results in Na+ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

Question 9

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.overhydration
b.dehydration
c.both overhydration and dehydration
d.neither overhydration nor dehydration
-Convulsions and coma may occur.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d.,...

Question 10

Acids can be strong or weak.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which chemical buffer system buffers primarily against carbonic acid changes?

Accepted Answer

A) bicarbonate 
B) protein 
C)  haemoglobin 
D)  phosphate 
A) bicarbonate 
B) protein 
C)  haemoglobin 
D)  phosphate

Question 12

Which statement correctly describes salt balance in humans?

Accepted Answer

A) It depends primarily upon control of Na+ intake through salt hunger. 
B) It depends primarily upon control of Na+ output by the kidneys. 
C)  It is poorly regulated. 
D)  It depends upon Na+ secretion by the kidneys. 
A) It depends primarily upon control of Na+ intake through salt hunger. 
B) It depends primarily upon control of Na+ output by the kidneys. 
C)  It is poorly regulated. 
D)  It depends upon Na+ secretion by the kidneys.

Question 13

The amount of free H2O reabsorbed is regulated primarily by the hormone ____________________.

Accepted Answer

Question 14

Extracellular fluid volume depends primarily on the sodium load in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.overhydration
b.dehydration
c.both overhydration and dehydration
d.neither overhydration nor dehydration
-Cells shrink.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d.,...

Question 16

When the concentration of H+ increases above normal, what is the compensating response?

Accepted Answer

A) decreased excretion of H+ in the urine 
B) increased concentration of H+ in the plasma 
C)  increased reabsorption of all filtered bicarbonate ions 
D)  increased secretion of aldosterone from the posterior pituitary 
A) decreased excretion of H+ in the urine 
B) increased concentration of H+ in the plasma 
C)  increased reabsorption of all filtered bicarbonate ions 
D)  increased secretion of aldosterone from the posterior pituitary

Question 17

The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.exhibits no change
b.is increased
c.is decreased
-urinary volume

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following refer to the events that...

Question 18

What is the main control for salt balance?

Accepted Answer

A) control of salt intake 
B) control of salt output in the sweat 
C)  control of salt output in the feces 
D)  control of salt output in the urine 
A) control of salt intake 
B) control of salt output in the sweat 
C)  control of salt output in the feces 
D)  control of salt output in the urine

Question 19

Which of these elements constitutes the largest percentage of body weight?

Accepted Answer

A) protein 
B) H2O 
C)  Na+ 
D)  carbohydrate 
A) protein 
B) H2O 
C)  Na+ 
D)  carbohydrate

Question 20

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.overhydration
b.dehydration
c.both overhydration and dehydration
d.neither overhydration nor dehydration
-Symptoms include dry skin, parched tongue, and sunken eyeballs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d.,...

Variation in percentage of body water among individuals is due primarily to which of these factors?

The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.exhibits no change b.is increased c.is decreased -amount of Na⁺ excreted

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe extracellular fluid?

The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.exhibits no change b.is increased c.is decreased -thirst

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.overhydration b.dehydration c.both overhydration and dehydration d.neither overhydration nor dehydration -This occurs as a consequence of excessive fluid intake.

Which mechanism does NOT directly or indirectly control sodium?

Diabetes insipidus often leads to hypertonicity of the body fluids.

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.overhydration b.dehydration c.both overhydration and dehydration d.neither overhydration nor dehydration -Convulsions and coma may occur.

Acids can be strong or weak.

Which chemical buffer system buffers primarily against carbonic acid changes?

Which statement correctly describes salt balance in humans?

The amount of free H₂O reabsorbed is regulated primarily by the hormone ____________________.

Extracellular fluid volume depends primarily on the sodium load in the body.

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.overhydration b.dehydration c.both overhydration and dehydration d.neither overhydration nor dehydration -Cells shrink.

When the concentration of H⁺ increases above normal, what is the compensating response?

The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.exhibits no change b.is increased c.is decreased -urinary volume

What is the main control for salt balance?

Which of these elements constitutes the largest percentage of body weight?

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.overhydration b.dehydration c.both overhydration and dehydration d.neither overhydration nor dehydration -Symptoms include dry skin, parched tongue, and sunken eyeballs.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Filters

Exam 13: The Respiratory System

Variation in percentage of body water among individuals is due primarily to which of these factors?

The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.exhibits no change b.is increased c.is decreased -amount of Na+ excreted

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe extracellular fluid?

The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.exhibits no change b.is increased c.is decreased -thirst

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.overhydration b.dehydration c.both overhydration and dehydration d.neither overhydration nor dehydration -This occurs as a consequence of excessive fluid intake.

Which mechanism does NOT directly or indirectly control sodium?

Diabetes insipidus often leads to hypertonicity of the body fluids.

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.overhydration b.dehydration c.both overhydration and dehydration d.neither overhydration nor dehydration -Convulsions and coma may occur.

Acids can be strong or weak.

Which chemical buffer system buffers primarily against carbonic acid changes?

Which statement correctly describes salt balance in humans?

The amount of free H2O reabsorbed is regulated primarily by the hormone ____________________.

Extracellular fluid volume depends primarily on the sodium load in the body.

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.overhydration b.dehydration c.both overhydration and dehydration d.neither overhydration nor dehydration -Cells shrink.

When the concentration of H+ increases above normal, what is the compensating response?

The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.exhibits no change b.is increased c.is decreased -urinary volume

What is the main control for salt balance?

Which of these elements constitutes the largest percentage of body weight?

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.overhydration b.dehydration c.both overhydration and dehydration d.neither overhydration nor dehydration -Symptoms include dry skin, parched tongue, and sunken eyeballs.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Filters

The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.exhibits no change b.is increased c.is decreased -amount of Na⁺ excreted

The amount of free H₂O reabsorbed is regulated primarily by the hormone ____________________.

When the concentration of H⁺ increases above normal, what is the compensating response?