Question 1

Under which of these circumstances is the thirst mechanism NOT invoked?

Accepted Answer

A) when the ECF volume decreases 
B) when the plasma osmolarity decreases 
C)  when hypothalamic osmoreceptors are activated 
D)  when there is dryness in the mouth 
A) when the ECF volume decreases 
B) when the plasma osmolarity decreases 
C)  when hypothalamic osmoreceptors are activated 
D)  when there is dryness in the mouth

Question 2

The main reason ECF volume must be regulated is to maintain proper cell volume.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The body normally loses 10 grams of salt daily.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The blood plasma and ____________________ make up the ECF.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The blood plasma and ____________________ make up...

Question 5

The first line of defence against this change in [H+] is the chemical buffer systems. Which primary buffer system will respond to this change?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphate buffer system 
B) NH4+:NH3 buffer system 
C)  protein buffer system 
D)  haemoglobin buffer system 
A) phosphate buffer system 
B) NH4+:NH3 buffer system 
C)  protein buffer system 
D)  haemoglobin buffer system

Question 6

The true internal environment is the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The true internal environment is the ____________________....

Question 7

An increased secretion of H ions in the kidney has the greatest direct effect on the tubular secretion of which of these ions?

Accepted Answer

A) calcium 
B) chloride 
C)  phosphate 
D)  potassium
Refer to the acid-base abnormality that would result from severe pneumonia in which gas exchange is impaired. 
A) calcium 
B) chloride 
C)  phosphate 
D)  potassium
Refer to the acid-base abnormality that would result from severe pneumonia in which gas exchange is impaired.

Question 8

Which of the following will happen when isotonic fluid is added to the ECF?

Accepted Answer

A) Fluid will shift from the ICF into the ECF. 
B) Fluid will NOT shift between the ECF and ICF. 
C)  Fluid will shift from the ECF into the ICF. 
D)  Fluid will move the solutes out from the ICF. 
A) Fluid will shift from the ICF into the ECF. 
B) Fluid will NOT shift between the ECF and ICF. 
C)  Fluid will shift from the ECF into the ICF. 
D)  Fluid will move the solutes out from the ICF.

Question 9

What is the effect on water when ECF becomes hypertonic?

Accepted Answer

A) Water movement is unaffected. 
B) Water moves into the cells by active transport. 
C)  Water moves into the cells by osmosis. 
D)  Water moves out of the cells by osmosis. 
A) Water movement is unaffected. 
B) Water moves into the cells by active transport. 
C)  Water moves into the cells by osmosis. 
D)  Water moves out of the cells by osmosis.

Question 10

In a normal, healthy person, H2O intake equals H2O output.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Fluid consumption is influenced by other factors in addition to the thirst mechanism involving osmoreceptors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Match the buffer systems, labelled a. through d., with their correct characteristic.
a.haemoglobin buffer system
b.phosphate buffer system
c.protein buffer system
d.HS1U1B12S1U1B0COS1U1B13S1U1B0:HCOS1U1B13S1U1B0S1U1P1-S1S1P0 buffer system
-primary intracellular buffer

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the buffer systems, labelled a. through...

Question 13

The ____________________ fluid provides lubrication for the movements of the heart.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________ fluid provides lubrication for the...

Question 14

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe normal blood pH?

Accepted Answer

A) It is slightly basic. 
B) It is slightly acidic. 
C)  It falls between 7.35 and 7.45. 
D)  It has a very narrow normal range. 
A) It is slightly basic. 
B) It is slightly acidic. 
C)  It falls between 7.35 and 7.45. 
D)  It has a very narrow normal range.

Question 15

Which is the most important factor in the long-term regulation of ECF volume?

Accepted Answer

A) maintenance of salt balance 
B) maintenance of water balance 
C)  the baroreceptor reflex 
D)  fluid shifts between interstitial fluid and plasma 
A) maintenance of salt balance 
B) maintenance of water balance 
C)  the baroreceptor reflex 
D)  fluid shifts between interstitial fluid and plasma

Question 16

Urine excretion is the most important ____________________ mechanism for controlling water balance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Urine excretion is the most important ____________________...

Question 17

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.overhydration
b.dehydration
c.both overhydration and dehydration
d.neither overhydration nor dehydration
-Increased urinary output occurs as a compensatory mechanism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d.,...

Question 18

Which of these statements most accurately describes the role of angiotensin II?

Accepted Answer

A) It increases Na+ reabsorption by stimulating aldosterone secretion. 
B) It suppresses the thirst centre at the brain. 
C)  It is activated when ECF volume and arterial blood pressure are increased. 
D)  It decreases Na+ reabsorption by inhibiting the secretion of vasopressin. 
A) It increases Na+ reabsorption by stimulating aldosterone secretion. 
B) It suppresses the thirst centre at the brain. 
C)  It is activated when ECF volume and arterial blood pressure are increased. 
D)  It decreases Na+ reabsorption by inhibiting the secretion of vasopressin.

Question 19

Which of these statements does NOT accurately describe chemical buffer systems?

Accepted Answer

A) They minimize changes in the pH of a solution when an acid or a base is added to or removed from the solution. 
B) They can act within a fraction of a second to buffer changes in hydrogen ion concentration. 
C)  The direction of their reaction is determined according to the law of mass action. 
D)  They promote H+ excretion by the kidneys when acidosis is present. 
A) They minimize changes in the pH of a solution when an acid or a base is added to or removed from the solution. 
B) They can act within a fraction of a second to buffer changes in hydrogen ion concentration. 
C)  The direction of their reaction is determined according to the law of mass action. 
D)  They promote H+ excretion by the kidneys when acidosis is present.

Question 20

The only cause of hypotonicity is drinking excess fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Under which of these circumstances is the thirst mechanism NOT invoked?

The main reason ECF volume must be regulated is to maintain proper cell volume.

The body normally loses 10 grams of salt daily.

The blood plasma and ____________________ make up the ECF.

The first line of defence against this change in [H⁺] is the chemical buffer systems. Which primary buffer system will respond to this change?

The true internal environment is the ____________________.

An increased secretion of H ions in the kidney has the greatest direct effect on the tubular secretion of which of these ions?

Which of the following will happen when isotonic fluid is added to the ECF?

What is the effect on water when ECF becomes hypertonic?

In a normal, healthy person, H₂O intake equals H₂O output.

Fluid consumption is influenced by other factors in addition to the thirst mechanism involving osmoreceptors.

Match the buffer systems, labelled a. through d., with their correct characteristic. a.haemoglobin buffer system b.phosphate buffer system c.protein buffer system d.H₂CO₃:HCO₃^- buffer system -primary intracellular buffer

The ____________________ fluid provides lubrication for the movements of the heart.

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe normal blood pH?

Which is the most important factor in the long-term regulation of ECF volume?

Urine excretion is the most important ____________________ mechanism for controlling water balance.

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.overhydration b.dehydration c.both overhydration and dehydration d.neither overhydration nor dehydration -Increased urinary output occurs as a compensatory mechanism.

Which of these statements most accurately describes the role of angiotensin II?

Which of these statements does NOT accurately describe chemical buffer systems?

The only cause of hypotonicity is drinking excess fluid.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Filters

Exam 13: The Respiratory System

Under which of these circumstances is the thirst mechanism NOT invoked?

The main reason ECF volume must be regulated is to maintain proper cell volume.

The body normally loses 10 grams of salt daily.

The blood plasma and ____________________ make up the ECF.

The first line of defence against this change in [H+] is the chemical buffer systems. Which primary buffer system will respond to this change?

The true internal environment is the ____________________.

An increased secretion of H ions in the kidney has the greatest direct effect on the tubular secretion of which of these ions?

Which of the following will happen when isotonic fluid is added to the ECF?

What is the effect on water when ECF becomes hypertonic?

In a normal, healthy person, H2O intake equals H2O output.

Fluid consumption is influenced by other factors in addition to the thirst mechanism involving osmoreceptors.

Match the buffer systems, labelled a. through d., with their correct characteristic. a.haemoglobin buffer system b.phosphate buffer system c.protein buffer system d.H2CO3:HCO3- buffer system -primary intracellular buffer

The ____________________ fluid provides lubrication for the movements of the heart.

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe normal blood pH?

Which is the most important factor in the long-term regulation of ECF volume?

Urine excretion is the most important ____________________ mechanism for controlling water balance.

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.overhydration b.dehydration c.both overhydration and dehydration d.neither overhydration nor dehydration -Increased urinary output occurs as a compensatory mechanism.

Which of these statements most accurately describes the role of angiotensin II?

Which of these statements does NOT accurately describe chemical buffer systems?

The only cause of hypotonicity is drinking excess fluid.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Filters

The first line of defence against this change in [H⁺] is the chemical buffer systems. Which primary buffer system will respond to this change?

In a normal, healthy person, H₂O intake equals H₂O output.

Match the buffer systems, labelled a. through d., with their correct characteristic. a.haemoglobin buffer system b.phosphate buffer system c.protein buffer system d.H₂CO₃:HCO₃^- buffer system -primary intracellular buffer