Exam 13: The Respiratory System

HCl is an example of an acid.

A chemical buffer system is a(n) ____________________ of chemical compounds involved in a reversible reaction, one that can yield free ____________________and one that can bind free ____________________, which together minimize changes in ____________________ when either an acid or a base in added to or removed from the solution.

A chemical buffer system enables a solution to resist a marked change in pH upon addition or loss of acid or base.

Which statement correctly describes transcellular fluid?

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.overhydration b.dehydration c.both overhydration and dehydration d.neither overhydration nor dehydration -Water enters the cells by osmosis.

The secretion of H⁺ by the tubular cells of the kidney is influenced by the gas ____________________.

The main reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated is to prevent fluid shifts from occurring between the ICF and the ECF.

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of H₂O than an isotonic solution.

Match the acid-base imbalance, labelled a. through d., that might occur in each of the situations listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.respiratory acidosis b.respiratory alkalosis c.metabolic acidosis d.metabolic alkalosis -anxiety

The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.exhibits no change b.is increased c.is decreased -glomerular capillary blood pressure

The primary factor responsible for regulating H₂O balance in the body is control of fluid intake via the thirst mechanism.

A(n) ____________________ is a substance that can combine with a free H⁺, thus removing it from solution.

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.overhydration b.dehydration c.both overhydration and dehydration d.neither overhydration nor dehydration -Vasopressin secretion is stimulated as a compensatory mechanism.

Insensible H₂O loss includes water lost as a result of metabolic reactions within the cells.

Which of these statements correctly describes chemical buffer systems?

Which of these statements correctly describes transcellular fluid?

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.overhydration b.dehydration c.both overhydration and dehydration d.neither overhydration nor dehydration -ECF and ICF become hypotonic.

An absence of the hormone ____________________ leads to the formation of keto acids in the body.

As a consequence of this change in P_CO2, what would be the patient's [H⁺]?

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe HCO₃^- excretion by the kidneys?