Exam 13: The Respiratory System

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃^-] levels, labelled a. through i., in each of the following situations. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a. [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃^-] decreased below normal b. [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃^-] increased above normal c. [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO₃^-] normal d. [CO₂] decreased below normal,[HCO₃^-] normal e. [CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO₃^-] decreased below normal f. [CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃^-] increased above normal g. [CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO₃^-] increased above normal h. [CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃^-] decreased below normal i. [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃^-] normal -compensated metabolic alkalosis

Buffer systems contain strong acids, such as HCl.

H⁺ secretion is coupled to bicarbonate reabsorption.

The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.exhibits no change b.is increased c.is decreased -amount of H₂O reabsorbed

Which of these acids would be considered a strong acid?

Bicarbonate ions can combine with free H⁺, removing a source of acidity and opposing acidosis.

A chemical buffer system consists of a pair of substances involved in a reversible reaction: one that can yield free H⁺ and one that can bind with free H⁺.

Which of these situations happens when water is lost from the ECF but electrolytes are retained?

Match the aspects of extracellular fluid, labelled a. and b., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.regulation of ECF volume b.regulation of ECF osmolarity -is primarily important in the long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure

The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.exhibits no change b.is increased c.is decreased -amount of Na⁺ reabsorbed

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃^-] levels, labelled a. through i., in each of the following situations. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a. [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃^-] decreased below normal b. [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃^-] increased above normal c. [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO₃^-] normal d. [CO₂] decreased below normal,[HCO₃^-] normal e. [CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO₃^-] decreased below normal f. [CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃^-] increased above normal g. [CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO₃^-] increased above normal h. [CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃^-] decreased below normal i. [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃^-] normal -uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

Which one of the following will NOT occur during water intoxication?

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃^-] levels, labelled a. through i., in each of the following situations. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a. [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃^-] decreased below normal b. [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃^-] increased above normal c. [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO₃^-] normal d. [CO₂] decreased below normal,[HCO₃^-] normal e. [CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO₃^-] decreased below normal f. [CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃^-] increased above normal g. [CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO₃^-] increased above normal h. [CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃^-] decreased below normal i. [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃^-] normal -uncompensated metabolic acidosis

____________________ acidosis results from the abnormal retention of carbon dioxide.

On average, ____________________ percent of body weight consists of H₂O.

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.overhydration b.dehydration c.both overhydration and dehydration d.neither overhydration nor dehydration -This occurs as a consequence of diabetes insipidus.

Slow, shallow breathing allows carbonic acid to build up in the blood, returning pH to normal.

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.overhydration b.dehydration c.both overhydration and dehydration d.neither overhydration nor dehydration -Cells become swollen.

The principal ECF cation is ____________________, which is accompanied primarily by the anion ____________________ and to a lesser extent ____________________.

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe pH?