Question 1

Acids dissociate to produce anions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe pH?

Accepted Answer

A) It equals the logarithm to the base 10 of the reciprocal of the hydrogen-ion concentration. 
B) It can be calculated if the HCO3- and CO2 concentrations in the body fluids are known, even if the H+ concentration is unknown. 
C)  It is lower in arterial blood than in venous blood. 
D)  The value is higher in an alkaline situation. 
A) It equals the logarithm to the base 10 of the reciprocal of the hydrogen-ion concentration. 
B) It can be calculated if the HCO3- and CO2 concentrations in the body fluids are known, even if the H+ concentration is unknown. 
C)  It is lower in arterial blood than in venous blood. 
D)  The value is higher in an alkaline situation.

Question 3

What is the primary reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated?

Accepted Answer

A) to prevent changes in ICF osmolarity 
B) to maintain adequate urine formation 
C)  to maintain proper blood pressure 
D)  to prevent cells from swelling or shrinking 
A) to prevent changes in ICF osmolarity 
B) to maintain adequate urine formation 
C)  to maintain proper blood pressure 
D)  to prevent cells from swelling or shrinking

Question 4

Match the aspects of extracellular fluid, labelled a. and b., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.regulation of ECF volume
b.regulation of ECF osmolarity
-depends primarily on H2O balance

Accepted Answer

Question 5

When total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output, a ____________________ balance exists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When total body input of a particular...

Question 6

The ICF contains approximately how much of the total water of the body?

Accepted Answer

A) 1/10 
B) ¼ 
C)  ½ 
D)  2/3 
A) 1/10 
B) ¼ 
C)  ½ 
D)  2/3

Question 7

Normally, the major source of H+ in the body is the formation of sulphuric and phosphoric acid produced during metabolism of dietary proteins that contain sulphate and phosphate groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Control of salt balance in humans is accomplished primarily by control of salt intake via a well-developed salt hunger.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe the compensatory measures for a fall in arterial blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) increased cardiac output and increased total peripheral resistance as a result of the baroreceptor reflex 
B) a shift of fluid out of the vasculature into the interstitial compartment 
C)  a reduction in the urinary excretion of salt and accompanying fluid 
D)  reabsorption of sodium by the distal tubules 
A) increased cardiac output and increased total peripheral resistance as a result of the baroreceptor reflex 
B) a shift of fluid out of the vasculature into the interstitial compartment 
C)  a reduction in the urinary excretion of salt and accompanying fluid 
D)  reabsorption of sodium by the distal tubules

Question 11

Indicate the [COS1U1B12S1U1B0] and [HCOS1U1B13S1U1B0S1U1P1-S1S1P0] levels, labelled a. through i., in each of the following situations. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a. [COS1U1B12S1U1B0] normal, [HCOS1U1B13S1U1B0S1U1P1-S1S1P0] decreased below normal
b. [COS1U1B12S1U1B0] normal, [HCOS1U1B13S1U1B0S1U1P1-S1S1P0] increased above normal
c. [CO2] increased above normal, [HCOS1U1B13S1U1B0S1U1P1-S1S1P0] normal
d. [COS1U1B12S1U1B0] decreased below normal,[HCOS1U1B13S1U1B0S1U1P1-S1S1P0] normal
e. [COS1U1B12S1U1B0] decreased below normal, [HCOS1U1B13S1U1B0S1U1P1-S1S1P0] decreased below normal
f. [COS1U1B12S1U1B0] increased above normal, [HCOS1U1B13S1U1B0S1U1P1-S1S1P0] increased above normal
g. [COS1U1B12S1U1B0] decreased below normal, [HCOS1U1B13S1U1B0S1U1P1-S1S1P0] increased above normal
h. [COS1U1B12S1U1B0] increased above normal, [HCOS1U1B13S1U1B0S1U1P1-S1S1P0] decreased below normal
i. [COS1U1B12S1U1B0] normal, [HCOS1U1B13S1U1B0S1U1P1-S1S1P0] normal
-compensated metabolic acidosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Indicate the [COS1U1B12S1U1B0] and [HCOS1U1B13S1U1B0S1U1P1-S1S1P0] levels, labelled...

Question 12

A pH of 4 is how many times as acidic as a pH of 7?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 100 
C)  1000 
D)  10000 
A) 10 
B) 100 
C)  1000 
D)  10000

Question 13

The third line of defence will be the renal mechanism of pH control. Which of the following statements of renal compensation will NOT occur in response to this condition?

Accepted Answer

A) HCO3- excretion will increase. 
B) H+ excretion will increase. 
C)  NH3 secretion is likely to occur. 
A) HCO3- excretion will increase. 
B) H+ excretion will increase. 
C)  NH3 secretion is likely to occur.

Question 14

All substances that contain hydrogen are considered to be acids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The extent of dissociation for a given acid is a constant, K.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Water is freely permeable through all cell membranes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Chemical buffer systems are the most powerful mechanism available for defending against changes in [H+] because they respond the fastest.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Acidosis changes the rate and depth of breathing by ____________________ it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Acidosis changes the rate and depth of...

Question 19

Given the following logarithms, what would be the pH? log of 20 = 1.3
Log of 40 = 1.6
Log of 10 = 1.0
PK = 6.1

Accepted Answer

A) pH = 7.7 
B) pH = 7.4 
C)  pH = 7.1 
D)  pH = 6.9 
A) pH = 7.7 
B) pH = 7.4 
C)  pH = 7.1 
D)  pH = 6.9

Question 20

Basic phosphate is secreted by the kidney tubular cells to buffer hydrogen ion when the tubular fluid becomes too acidic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Acids dissociate to produce anions.

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe pH?

What is the primary reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated?

Match the aspects of extracellular fluid, labelled a. and b., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.regulation of ECF volume b.regulation of ECF osmolarity -depends primarily on H₂O balance

When total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output, a ____________________ balance exists.

The ICF contains approximately how much of the total water of the body?

Normally, the major source of H⁺ in the body is the formation of sulphuric and phosphoric acid produced during metabolism of dietary proteins that contain sulphate and phosphate groups.

Control of salt balance in humans is accomplished primarily by control of salt intake via a well-developed salt hunger.

The respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis.

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe the compensatory measures for a fall in arterial blood pressure?

A pH of 4 is how many times as acidic as a pH of 7?

The third line of defence will be the renal mechanism of pH control. Which of the following statements of renal compensation will NOT occur in response to this condition?

All substances that contain hydrogen are considered to be acids.

The extent of dissociation for a given acid is a constant, K.

Water is freely permeable through all cell membranes.

Chemical buffer systems are the most powerful mechanism available for defending against changes in [H⁺] because they respond the fastest.

Acidosis changes the rate and depth of breathing by ____________________ it.

Given the following logarithms, what would be the pH? log of 20 = 1.3 Log of 40 = 1.6 Log of 10 = 1.0 PK = 6.1

Basic phosphate is secreted by the kidney tubular cells to buffer hydrogen ion when the tubular fluid becomes too acidic.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Filters

Exam 13: The Respiratory System

Acids dissociate to produce anions.

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe pH?

What is the primary reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated?

Match the aspects of extracellular fluid, labelled a. and b., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.regulation of ECF volume b.regulation of ECF osmolarity -depends primarily on H2O balance

When total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output, a ____________________ balance exists.

The ICF contains approximately how much of the total water of the body?

Normally, the major source of H+ in the body is the formation of sulphuric and phosphoric acid produced during metabolism of dietary proteins that contain sulphate and phosphate groups.

Control of salt balance in humans is accomplished primarily by control of salt intake via a well-developed salt hunger.

The respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis.

Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe the compensatory measures for a fall in arterial blood pressure?

A pH of 4 is how many times as acidic as a pH of 7?

The third line of defence will be the renal mechanism of pH control. Which of the following statements of renal compensation will NOT occur in response to this condition?

All substances that contain hydrogen are considered to be acids.

The extent of dissociation for a given acid is a constant, K.

Water is freely permeable through all cell membranes.

Chemical buffer systems are the most powerful mechanism available for defending against changes in [H+] because they respond the fastest.

Acidosis changes the rate and depth of breathing by ____________________ it.

Given the following logarithms, what would be the pH? log of 20 = 1.3 Log of 40 = 1.6 Log of 10 = 1.0 PK = 6.1

Basic phosphate is secreted by the kidney tubular cells to buffer hydrogen ion when the tubular fluid becomes too acidic.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Filters

Match the aspects of extracellular fluid, labelled a. and b., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.regulation of ECF volume b.regulation of ECF osmolarity -depends primarily on H₂O balance

Normally, the major source of H⁺ in the body is the formation of sulphuric and phosphoric acid produced during metabolism of dietary proteins that contain sulphate and phosphate groups.

Chemical buffer systems are the most powerful mechanism available for defending against changes in [H⁺] because they respond the fastest.