Exam 13: The Respiratory System

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃^-] levels, labelled a. through i., in each of the following situations. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a. [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃^-] decreased below normal b. [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃^-] increased above normal c. [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO₃^-] normal d. [CO₂] decreased below normal,[HCO₃^-] normal e. [CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO₃^-] decreased below normal f. [CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃^-] increased above normal g. [CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO₃^-] increased above normal h. [CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃^-] decreased below normal i. [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃^-] normal -uncompensated respiratory acidosis

The hypothalamus controls both thirst and vasopressin secretion.

A strong acid has a greater tendency to dissociate than does a weak acid.

Which of the following is NOT a source of water input?

The major intracellular cation is ____________________.

The second line of defence will be the respiratory mechanism of pH control. Which statement correctly describes the respiratory response in this situation?

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes and higher concentration of water than a hypertonic solution.

Which of these statements does NOT apply to an individual who is overhydrated?

A strong acid dissociates to form ____________________ ions in solution, which influence pH.

___________________are responsible for the slightly negative charge associated with the plasma membrane.

The tissue with the lowest percentage of water is the skeleton.

Match the acid-base imbalance, labelled a. through d., that might occur in each of the situations listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.respiratory acidosis b.respiratory alkalosis c.metabolic acidosis d.metabolic alkalosis -uraemia

Intracellular fluid is divided into two compartments: the plasma fluid and the interstitial fluid.

The amount of Na⁺ excreted depends on ____________________ minus ____________________.

The phosphate buffer system serves as an important urinary buffer.

Acidosis leads to ____________________ secretion of H⁺ in the urine.

The largest percentage of water is located in which "compartment?"

The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.exhibits no change b.is increased c.is decreased -vasopressin secretion

Match the acid-base imbalance, labelled a. through d., that might occur in each of the situations listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.respiratory acidosis b.respiratory alkalosis c.metabolic acidosis d.metabolic alkalosis -damage to the respiratory centre

Given the following information, what is the pH? ratio of [HCO₃^-]/[CO₂] = 20/0.5 PK = 6.1 Log of 10 = 1.0 Log of 20 = 1.3 Log of 40 = 1.6