Exam 13: The Respiratory System

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Match the acid-base abnormalities, labelled a. through d. with the [HCO3-]/[CO2] ratios. a.uncompensated respiratory acidosis b.uncompensated metabolic acidosis c.uncompensated respiratory alkalosis d.uncompensated metabolic alkalosis -10/1

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Alkalosis occurs when the pH of the blood is above ____________________.

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The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.exhibits no change b.is increased c.is decreased -angiotensin I and II production

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Which of these statements does NOT correctly describe the kidneys' response to increased [H+] in the body fluids?

(Multiple Choice)
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Insensible water loss includes water lost from the lungs during expiration and water lost from the skin during sweating.

(True/False)
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The kidneys are the first line of defence against changes in acid-base balance because they are the most powerful mechanism for maintaining pH.

(True/False)
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Which ion has the greatest concentration in the cytoplasm?

(Multiple Choice)
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Diabetes insipidus develops in the body from a deficiency of insulin.

(True/False)
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Baroreceptors are sensitive to changes in blood ____________________.

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A pH of _______ is considered to be chemically neutral. The normal pH of plasma is _______. The pH range compatible with life is _______ to _______.

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Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.overhydration b.dehydration c.both overhydration and dehydration d.neither overhydration nor dehydration -This occurs with heavy vomiting.

(Short Answer)
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Match the acid-base abnormalities, labelled a. through d. with the [HCO3-]/[CO2] ratios. a.uncompensated respiratory acidosis b.uncompensated metabolic acidosis c.uncompensated respiratory alkalosis d.uncompensated metabolic alkalosis -20/0.5

(Short Answer)
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A pH of less than 6.8 or greater than 8.0 is not compatible with life.

(True/False)
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The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.exhibits no change b.is increased c.is decreased -amount of Na+ and H2O filtered

(Short Answer)
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When an isotonic fluid is injected into the ECF compartment, the ECF changes volume by ____________________ in size.

(Short Answer)
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Water is the most abundant component of the body, making up over 95 percent of body weight.

(True/False)
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Indicate the [CO2] and [HCO3-] levels, labelled a. through i., in each of the following situations. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a. [CO2] normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal b. [CO2] normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal c. [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3-] normal d. [CO2] decreased below normal,[HCO3-] normal e. [CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal f. [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal g. [CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal h. [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal i. [CO2] normal, [HCO3-] normal -uncompensated respiratory alkalosis

(Short Answer)
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Respiratory alkalosis occurs as a consequence of hyperventilation, because CO2 is blown off more quickly than it is produced, decreasing the amount of carbonic acid in the body fluids.

(True/False)
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The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.exhibits no change b.is increased c.is decreased -sympathetic activity to the afferent arterioles of the nephrons

(Short Answer)
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The force responsible for movement of H2O between the ECF and the ICF is ____________________.

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