Question 1

Explain how glomerular filtration rate is regulated.

Accepted Answer

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is

Question 2

In general, the substances in the filtrate that need to be conserved are selectively reabsorbed whereas the unwanted substances that need to be eliminated fail to be reabsorbed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Match the substances, labelled a. through f., with the processes listed.
a.KS1U1P1+S1S1P0
b.glucose
c.inulin
d.plasma protein
e.urea
f.HS1U1P1+S1S1P0
-filtered and secreted, but not reabsorbed

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the substances, labelled a. through f.,...

Question 4

Which of the following does NOT apply to the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Accepted Answer

A) It actively transports NaCl into the surrounding interstitial fluid. 
B) It is impermeable to water. 
C)  It is found in the renal cortex. 
D)  It has a thick wall. 
A) It actively transports NaCl into the surrounding interstitial fluid. 
B) It is impermeable to water. 
C)  It is found in the renal cortex. 
D)  It has a thick wall.

Question 5

The kidneys are the organs that are primarily responsible for maintaining constancy of the volume and electrolyte composition of the internal fluid environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The secretion of vasopressin increases if the extracellular fluid becomes hypertonic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.increases
b.decreases
c.has no effect on
-Increased osmolarity of body fluids __________ vasopressin secretion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the effects, labelled a. through c.,...

Question 8

Which statement applies to vasopressin?

Accepted Answer

A) It can completely halt urine production during periods of water deprivation to conserve water for the body. 
B) It activates the cyclic AMP second-messenger system within the tubular cells. 
C)  It renders the distal and collecting tubules impermeable to water. 
D)  It increases Na+ reabsorption by the distal portions of the nephron. 
A) It can completely halt urine production during periods of water deprivation to conserve water for the body. 
B) It activates the cyclic AMP second-messenger system within the tubular cells. 
C)  It renders the distal and collecting tubules impermeable to water. 
D)  It increases Na+ reabsorption by the distal portions of the nephron.

Question 9

Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction ____________________ blood flow into the glomerulus, which causes the glomerular-capillary blood pressure to ____________________, leading to a(n) ____________________ in the net filtration pressure and a resultant ____________________ in the GFR.

Accepted Answer

decreases;

Question 10

Plasma proteins are normally filtered in the nephron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.increases
b.decreases
c.has no effect on
-Decreased vasopressin secretion __________ H2O reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

Question 12

Which of these statements does NOT apply to potassium?

Accepted Answer

A) It is secreted in the proximal tubule. 
B) It is actively secreted in the distal and collecting tubules. 
C)  Its secretion is controlled by aldosterone. 
D)  Its secretion is linked with Na+ reabsorption by the Na+-K+ pump. 
A) It is secreted in the proximal tubule. 
B) It is actively secreted in the distal and collecting tubules. 
C)  Its secretion is controlled by aldosterone. 
D)  Its secretion is linked with Na+ reabsorption by the Na+-K+ pump.

Question 13

The Tm represents the maximum amount of a particular substance that can be excreted in the urine per unit of time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Each tuft of glomerular capillaries is held together by ____________________ cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each tuft of glomerular capillaries is held...

Question 15

What happens to the concentration of tubular fluid as it flows up the ascending loop of Henle?

Accepted Answer

A) Its concentration remains unchanged. 
B) Its concentration increases. 
C)  Its concentration decreases. 
A) Its concentration remains unchanged. 
B) Its concentration increases. 
C)  Its concentration decreases.

Question 16

Vasopressin is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of these plasma constituents is NOT regulated by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose 
B) Na+ 
C)  H+ 
D)  phosphate 
A) glucose 
B) Na+ 
C)  H+ 
D)  phosphate

Question 18

When urine is eliminated from the body, the sphincter muscles in the urethra relax.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Where is water reabsorption under the control of vasopressin?

Accepted Answer

A) along the entire length of the nephron 
B) only in the loop of Henle 
C)  only in the distal and collecting tubules 
D)  only in the proximal tubule 
A) along the entire length of the nephron 
B) only in the loop of Henle 
C)  only in the distal and collecting tubules 
D)  only in the proximal tubule

Question 20

Match the correct statements about sodium reabsorption, labelled a. through c., with the characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.sodium reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules
b.sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule
c.sodium reabsorption coupled with chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle
-plays a critical role in the kidneys' ability to produce urine of varying concentrations and volumes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the correct statements about sodium reabsorption,...

Explain how glomerular filtration rate is regulated.

In general, the substances in the filtrate that need to be conserved are selectively reabsorbed whereas the unwanted substances that need to be eliminated fail to be reabsorbed.

Match the substances, labelled a. through f., with the processes listed. a.K⁺ b.glucose c.inulin d.plasma protein e.urea f.H⁺ -filtered and secreted, but not reabsorbed

Which of the following does NOT apply to the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

The kidneys are the organs that are primarily responsible for maintaining constancy of the volume and electrolyte composition of the internal fluid environment.

The secretion of vasopressin increases if the extracellular fluid becomes hypertonic.

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.increases b.decreases c.has no effect on -Increased osmolarity of body fluids __________ vasopressin secretion.

Which statement applies to vasopressin?

Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction blood flow into the glomerulus, which causes the glomerular-capillary blood pressure to , leading to a(n) in the net filtration pressure and a resultant in the GFR.

Plasma proteins are normally filtered in the nephron.

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.increases b.decreases c.has no effect on -Decreased vasopressin secretion __________ H₂O reabsorption.

Which of these statements does NOT apply to potassium?

The T_m represents the maximum amount of a particular substance that can be excreted in the urine per unit of time.

Each tuft of glomerular capillaries is held together by ____________________ cells.

What happens to the concentration of tubular fluid as it flows up the ascending loop of Henle?

Vasopressin is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland.

Which of these plasma constituents is NOT regulated by the kidneys?

When urine is eliminated from the body, the sphincter muscles in the urethra relax.

Where is water reabsorption under the control of vasopressin?

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Filters

Exam 12: Body Defenses

Explain how glomerular filtration rate is regulated.

In general, the substances in the filtrate that need to be conserved are selectively reabsorbed whereas the unwanted substances that need to be eliminated fail to be reabsorbed.

Match the substances, labelled a. through f., with the processes listed. a.K+ b.glucose c.inulin d.plasma protein e.urea f.H+ -filtered and secreted, but not reabsorbed

Which of the following does NOT apply to the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

The kidneys are the organs that are primarily responsible for maintaining constancy of the volume and electrolyte composition of the internal fluid environment.

The secretion of vasopressin increases if the extracellular fluid becomes hypertonic.

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.increases b.decreases c.has no effect on -Increased osmolarity of body fluids __________ vasopressin secretion.

Which statement applies to vasopressin?

Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction ____________________ blood flow into the glomerulus, which causes the glomerular-capillary blood pressure to ____________________, leading to a(n) ____________________ in the net filtration pressure and a resultant ____________________ in the GFR.

Plasma proteins are normally filtered in the nephron.

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.increases b.decreases c.has no effect on -Decreased vasopressin secretion __________ H2O reabsorption.

Which of these statements does NOT apply to potassium?

The Tm represents the maximum amount of a particular substance that can be excreted in the urine per unit of time.

Each tuft of glomerular capillaries is held together by ____________________ cells.

What happens to the concentration of tubular fluid as it flows up the ascending loop of Henle?

Vasopressin is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland.

Which of these plasma constituents is NOT regulated by the kidneys?

When urine is eliminated from the body, the sphincter muscles in the urethra relax.

Where is water reabsorption under the control of vasopressin?

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Filters

Match the substances, labelled a. through f., with the processes listed. a.K⁺ b.glucose c.inulin d.plasma protein e.urea f.H⁺ -filtered and secreted, but not reabsorbed

Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction blood flow into the glomerulus, which causes the glomerular-capillary blood pressure to , leading to a(n) in the net filtration pressure and a resultant in the GFR.

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.increases b.decreases c.has no effect on -Decreased vasopressin secretion __________ H₂O reabsorption.

The T_m represents the maximum amount of a particular substance that can be excreted in the urine per unit of time.