Exam 12: Body Defenses

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. a.collecting tubules empty into this structure b.stores the urine c.passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen d.carries blood to the glomerulus e.tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate f.passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule g.urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis h.collects the glomerular filtrate i.passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries j.functional unit of the kidney k.supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients l.carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network m.tube through which urine leaves the body n.variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control o.responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney p.glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here -efferent arteriole

Into which structure does most reabsorption occur?

Vasopressin increases H₂O reabsorption in the proximal tubule.

Sympathetic vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles and a resultant fall in the GFR occur as part of the baroreceptor reflex response when the blood pressure is too low.

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.renin b.angiotensinogen c.angiotensin I d.angiotensin II e.aldosterone f.atrial natriuretic peptide -secreted by the adrenal cortex

Which statement concerning the process of glomerular filtration is correct?

The renal threshold for glucose is well above the normal plasma glucose concentration, but the renal threshold for PO₄ is equal to the normal plasma PO₄ concentration.

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. a.collecting tubules empty into this structure b.stores the urine c.passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen d.carries blood to the glomerulus e.tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate f.passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule g.urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis h.collects the glomerular filtrate i.passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries j.functional unit of the kidney k.supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients l.carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network m.tube through which urine leaves the body n.variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control o.responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney p.glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here -tubular secretion

Which of the following correctly describes the blood that flows through the kidneys?

____________________ is a group of intrinsic mechanisms in the kidneys that prevent changes in the GRF.

Indicate whether the factors in question would ultimately lead to an increase (a.) or a decrease (b.) in Na⁺ reabsorption by means of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.an increase in Na⁺ reabsorption b.a decrease in Na⁺ reabsorption -a reduction in total Na⁺ load in the body

The permeability and transport properties of the loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons are important in establishing the vertical osmotic gradient in the renal medulla.

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Match the renal functions, labelled a. through d., with the correct terms. a.movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen b.movement of substances from the glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen c.everything filtered or secreted that is not subsequently reabsorbed d.movement of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillary blood -tubular secretion

Where does the greatest percentage of Na⁺ reabsorption takes place?

Which statement correctly describes tubular maximum (T_m)?

The presence of vasopressin acts to prevent the reabsorption of water from the distal and collecting tubules.

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics. a.urea b.creatinine c.uric acid d.Na⁺ e.glucose -a nitrogen waste product from RNA metabolism

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

If a substance is filtered and secreted but not reabsorbed, its plasma clearance rate is always less than the GFR.